我的 Arch Linux 机器上有 NetworkManager。输出ifconfig：
enp0s18f2u1: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.241.167 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.241.255
inet6 fe80::f4cb:ecbe:eb8e:c961 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 46:0b:4a:d9:56:dd txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 9132 bytes 11251343 (10.7 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 6571 bytes 998708 (975.3 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
enp3s0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
ether 90:2b:34:96:0c:2e txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 8 bytes 1021 (1021.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 8 bytes 1021 (1021.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
enp0s18f2u1是我的 USB 网络共享接口。为什么我有enp3s0？为什么在重新插入电缆直至重新启动电脑后，我的连接速度会降至最低点？
消息：
[ 31.007291] usb 1-1: USB disconnect, device number 3
[ 31.438343] usb 1-1: new high-speed USB device number 4 using ehci-pci
[ 31.585979] usb 1-1: New USB device found, idVendor=0e8d, idProduct=2004, bcdDevice= 2.23
[ 31.585989] usb 1-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3
[ 31.585995] usb 1-1: Product: Nokia 2.2
[ 31.585999] usb 1-1: Manufacturer: HMD Global
[ 31.586003] usb 1-1: SerialNumber: HZAL1670CAJ61222625
[ 31.664819] usbcore: registered new interface driver cdc_ether
[ 31.675846] rndis_host 1-1:1.0 usb0: register 'rndis_host' at usb-0000:00:12.2-1, RNDIS device, 92:38:f4:ee:51:a2
[ 31.675882] usbcore: registered new interface driver rndis_host
[ 31.686275] rndis_host 1-1:1.0 enp0s18f2u1: renamed from usb0
[ 31.905225] kauditd_printk_skb: 7 callbacks suppressed
[ 1365.294661] usb 1-1: new high-speed USB device number 5 using ehci-pci
[ 1365.418013] usb 1-1: device descriptor read/64, error -32
[ 1365.672302] usb 1-1: New USB device found, idVendor=0e8d, idProduct=2008, bcdDevice= 2.23
[ 1365.672313] usb 1-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3
[ 1365.672319] usb 1-1: Product: Nokia 2.2
[ 1365.672323] usb 1-1: Manufacturer: HMD Global
[ 1365.672326] usb 1-1: SerialNumber: HZAL1670CAJ61222625
[ 1375.172543] usb 1-1: USB disconnect, device number 5
[ 1375.604696] usb 1-1: new high-speed USB device number 6 using ehci-pci
[ 1375.752534] usb 1-1: New USB device found, idVendor=0e8d, idProduct=2004, bcdDevice= 2.23
[ 1375.752541] usb 1-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3
[ 1375.752544] usb 1-1: Product: Nokia 2.2
[ 1375.752546] usb 1-1: Manufacturer: HMD Global
[ 1375.752549] usb 1-1: SerialNumber: HZAL1670CAJ61222625
[ 1375.754881] rndis_host 1-1:1.0 usb0: register 'rndis_host' at usb-0000:00:12.2-1, RNDIS device, be:c0:2b:4b:c4:a9
[ 1375.792804] rndis_host 1-1:1.0 enp0s18f2u1: renamed from usb0
[ 1375.963532] kauditd_printk_skb: 1 callbacks suppressed
为什么会rndis_host 1-1:1.0 enp0s18f2u1: renamed from usb0发生？
答案1
为什么我有 enp3s0？
因为“位置 3，插槽 0”中有一些硬件被检测为以太网接口。如果这是一台 PC，第一步是lspci了解有关您拥有的硬件的更多信息，因为它可能是某些 PCIe 设备。
为什么在重新插入 USB 电缆直至重新启动电脑后，我的连接速度会降至最低点？
不知道，这需要调试重新插入电缆时实际发生的情况。首先查看dmesg.
[ 1365.418013] usb 1-1: device descriptor read/64, error -32
这表明使用 USB 时出现错误。 10 秒后的第二次尝试成功了，但有些东西不稳定，如果您在“变慢”时发现更多 USB 错误，或者第二次连接上的 USB 速率较慢（请检查lsusb），我不会感到惊讶。我的第一个猜测是 USB 调制解调器中的硬件或固件问题，和/或电源问题。
为什么会发生 rndis_host 1-1:1.0 enp0s18f2u1: returned from usb0 ？
因为 Linux 使用“可预测的接口名称”，并且通过应用 udev 规则重命名它们来使它们变得可预测。完全正常，与您的连接速度慢无关。