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如何将 kern.log 错误消息中的 ataX.0 标识符映射到实际的 /dev/sdY 设备？

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如何将 kern.log 错误消息中的 ataX.0 标识符映射到实际的 /dev/sdY 设备？

考虑以下kern.log片段：

 ata4.00: failed command: WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
 ata4.00: cmd 61/00:78:40:1e:6c/04:00:f0:00:00/40 tag 15 ncq 524288 out
        res 41/04:00:00:00:00/04:00:00:00:00/00 Emask 0x1 (device error)
 ata4.00: status: { DRDY ERR }
 ata4.00: error: { ABRT }
 ata4: hard resetting link
 ata4: nv: skipping hardreset on occupied port
 ata4: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 300)
 ata4.00: configured for UDMA/133
 ata4: EH complete

如何确定内核在谈论时实际上指的是哪个硬盘驱动器ata4.00？

如何找到对应的/dev/sdY设备名称？

答案1

通过遍历树可以找到对应的/dev/sdY设备/sys：

$ find /sys/devices | grep '/ata[0-9]\+/.*/block/s[^/]\+$' \
    | sed 's@^.\+/\(ata[0-9]\+\)/.\+/block/\(.\+\)$@\1 => /dev/\2@'

通过更有效的/sys遍历（参见lsata.sh）：

$ echo /sys/class/ata_port/ata*/../../host*/target*/*/block/s* | tr ' ' '\n' \
    | awk -F/ '{printf("%s => /dev/%s\n", $5, $NF)}'

2 磁盘系统的输出示例：

ata1 => /dev/sda
ata2 => /dev/sdb

然后，为了可靠地识别实际硬件，您需要将 /dev/sdY 映射到序列号，例如：

$ ls /dev/disk/by-id -l | grep 'ata.*sd[a-zA-Z]$'

LSSCI

该lssci实用程序还可用于导出映射：

$ lsscsi | sed 's@^\[\([^:]\+\).\+\(/dev/.\+\)$@\1,\2@' \
    | awk -F, '{ printf("ata%d => %s\n", $1+1, $2) }'

请注意，相关的 lsscsi 枚举从 0 开始，而 ata 枚举从 0 开始。

系统日志

如果没有其他办法，可以查看系统日志/日志来导出映射。

设备/dev/sdY的创建顺序与 ataX 标识符的枚举顺序相同，同时kern.log忽略非磁盘设备 (ATAPI) 和未连接的链路。

因此，以下命令显示映射：

$ grep '^May 28 2'  /var/log/kern.log.0  | \
   grep 'ata[0-9]\+.[0-9][0-9]: ATA-' | \
   sed 's/^.*\] ata//' | \
   sort -n | sed 's/:.*//' | \
   awk ' { a="ata" $1; printf("%10s is /dev/sd%c\n", a, 96+NR); }'
ata1.00 is /dev/sda
ata3.00 is /dev/sdb
ata5.00 is /dev/sdc
ata7.00 is /dev/sdd
ata8.00 is /dev/sde
ata10.00 is /dev/sdf

（请注意，不会显示 ata4，因为以上日志消息来自另一个系统。）

我正在使用/var/log/kern.log.0而不是/var/log/kern.log因为启动消息已经轮换了。我 grep 是May 28 2因为这是最后一次启动时间，我想忽略以前的消息。

要验证映射，您可以通过查看以下输出进行一些检查：

$ grep '^May 28 2'  /var/log/kern.log.0  | \
grep 'ata[0-9]\+.[0-9][0-9]: ATA-'
May 28 20:43:26 hn kernel: [    1.260488] ata1.00: ATA-7: SAMSUNG SV0802N, max UDMA/100
May 28 20:43:26 hn kernel: [    1.676400] ata5.00: ATA-5: ST380021A, 3.19, max UDMA/10
[..]

您可以将此输出与hdparm输出进行比较，例如：

$ hdparm -i /dev/sda

/dev/sda:

Model=SAMSUNG SV0802N [..]

（使用内核2.6.32-31）

答案2

这是我的版本，是在上面修改的。由于我不知道系统启动的确切日期（为了测试它是 27 天前），并且我不知道哪个 kern.log 包含我需要的数据（有些可能gzipped在我的系统上），所以我使用uptime并date计算大致的系统启动日期（无论如何，到当天），然后用于zgrep搜索所有可用的 kern.log 文件。

我还稍微修改了第二条grep语句，因为它现在还将显示 ATAPI CD/DVD 驱动器以及 ATA-* 驱动器。

它仍然可以使用细化（即，如果系统正常运行时间超过一年），但目前应该可以正常工作。

#!/bin/bash

uptime=$(uptime | awk -F' '  '{ print $3" "$4 }' | sed s/,//)
date=$(date -d "$uptime ago" | awk '{print $2" "$3 }')
zgrep "$date"  /var/log/kern.log*  | \
grep 'ata[0-9]\+.[0-9][0-9]: ATA'  | \
sed 's/^.*\] ata//' | \
sort -n | sed 's/:.*//' | \
awk ' { a="ata" $1; printf("%10s is /dev/sd%c\n", a, 96+NR); }'

答案3

刚刚遇到了同样的问题，并找到了另一种可能会喜欢的解决方案。

lsscsi 工具列出 SCSI 设备（或主机）及其属性。

使用 lsscsi 可以获取 ata 名称和设备名称。

看起来像这样：

$ lsscsi --long
[0:0:1:0]    cd/dvd  MATSHITA DVD-ROM UJDA780  1.50  /dev/sr0
  state=running queue_depth=1 scsi_level=6 type=5 device_blocked=0 timeout=30
[2:0:0:0]    disk    ATA      WDC WD3000FYYZ-0 01.0  /dev/sda
  state=running queue_depth=1 scsi_level=6 type=0 device_blocked=0 timeout=30
[3:0:0:0]    disk    ATA      WDC WD1002FBYS-0 03.0  /dev/sdb
  state=running queue_depth=1 scsi_level=6 type=0 device_blocked=0 timeout=30
[4:0:0:0]    disk    ATA      WDC WD1002FBYS-0 03.0  /dev/sdc
  state=running queue_depth=1 scsi_level=6 type=0 device_blocked=0 timeout=30
[5:0:0:0]    disk    ATA      WDC WD1002FBYS-0 03.0  /dev/sdd
  state=running queue_depth=1 scsi_level=6 type=0 device_blocked=0 timeout=30
[6:0:0:0]    disk    ATA      WDC WD3000FYYZ-0 01.0  /dev/sde
  state=running queue_depth=1 scsi_level=6 type=0 device_blocked=0 timeout=30
[7:0:0:0]    disk    ATA      WDC WD1002FBYS-0 03.0  /dev/sdf
  state=running queue_depth=1 scsi_level=6 type=0 device_blocked=0 timeout=30

在 Ubuntu 上，可以简单地安装 lsscsi

$ sudo apt-get install lsscsi

答案4

上述答案都不适合我，而且由于 SCSI 总线编号和 ATA 编号之间的差异，lsscsi 方法实际上产生了错误的答案。在 21 个磁盘的系统上，我收到了许多有关 ATA18 问题（HSM 违规）的系统日志报告。哪个磁盘导致了这些错误？有些是 USB 驱动器，这让事情变得更加混乱。我需要统计每个 SCSI 驱动器如何连接到系统，我编写了下面的脚本，生成所有 SCSI 磁盘 (/dev/s[dr]?) 的表格列表，无论是 ATA 还是 USB。

然后，在完全考虑所有磁盘驱动器的情况下，我惊讶地发现我的 ATA 错误与任何我的磁盘驱动器。我一直在问错误的问题，我认为其他人很容易陷入同样的​​陷阱，这就是我在这里提到的原因。然后，我使用了第二种方法来识别生成 HSM 违规消息的硬件，下面的脚本中出现的文档也详细介绍了这一点。

#!/bin/bash

## This script lists the ata and usb bus numbers, as well as the
## overall "host" numbers, of each scsi disk.  The same information
## appears formatted four ways, redundantly, for ease of lookup by (1)
## device lettername, (2) ata bus, (3) usb bus, or (4) overall "host"
## number.

#######################################################

## Q: What if you're looking for an ATA bus number, e.g. ata18, that
##    isn't listed by this script?

## (1) Well, it's probably not a SCSI disk, at least not one that's
##     operating.

## (2) Somewhere in /sys you can find a mapping from the ATA bus
##     number to some overall host number, such as host17.  For example,
##     if you're looking for ata18, you can use a find command...

##     find /sys -type l -exec bash -c 'link=`readlink "$0"`; if [[ "$link" =~ /ata18/ ]] ; then echo $link ; fi' {} \;

##     ...which, after some delay, might yield output something like this:

##    ../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:02.0/0000:02:00.0/ata18/ata_port/ata18
##    ../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:02.0/0000:02:00.0/ata18/host17/target17:0:0/17:0:0:0/scsi_generic/sg5
##    ../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:02.0/0000:02:00.0/ata18/link18/dev18.0/ata_device/dev18.0
##    ../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:02.0/0000:02:00.0/ata18/host17/scsi_host/host17
##    ../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:02.0/0000:02:00.0/ata18/link18/ata_link/link18
##    ../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:02.0/0000:02:00.0/ata18/host17/target17:0:0/17:0:0:0/bsg/17:0:0:0
##    ../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:02.0/0000:02:00.0/ata18/host17/target17:0:0/17:0:0:0/scsi_device/17:0:0:0
##    ../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:02.0/0000:02:00.0/ata18/host17/target17:0:0/17:0:0:0/scsi_generic/sg5
##    ../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:02.0/0000:02:00.0/ata18/host17/target17:0:0/17:0:0:0/bsg/17:0:0:0
##    ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:02.0/0000:02:00.0/ata18/host17/target17:0:0/17:0:0:0
##    ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:02.0/0000:02:00.0/ata18/host17
##    ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:02.0/0000:02:00.0/ata18/host17/target17:0:0

##     Then you might notice the "/host17/" or "scsi_device/17:0:0:0"
##     in the above output lines, and look in the output of...

##     lshw

##     .. for "scsi17" or "17:0" or such, and discover, somewhere in it ...

##     ...
##        *-scsi:5
##           physical id: 8
##           logical name: scsi17
##           capabilities: emulated
##         *-processor UNCLAIMED
##              description: SCSI Processor
##              product: 91xx Config
##              vendor: Marvell
##              physical id: 0.0.0
##              bus info: scsi@17:0.0.0
##              version: 1.01
##              capabilities: removable
##              configuration: ansiversion=5
##     ...

## ...thus learning that ata18 corresponds to an unclaimed device (but
## not actually a disk).  Q.E.D.

## P.S. the lsscsi command yields the following, which might lead
## one to think that the problem was being caused by a CD-ROM drive
## (SCSI18:0) rather than emanating from the Marvell (SCSI17:0):

## [17:0:0:0]   process Marvell  91xx Config      1.01  -        
## [18:0:0:0]   cd/dvd  HL-DT-ST DVDRAM GH22NS90  HN00  /dev/sr0 

## ... but ATA != SCSI, and 17 != 18.  The CD/DVD drive was ATA19, 
## actually.  You can still use lsscsi, but
## bear in mind that what you're seeing in the left column
## is *not* ATA numbers but rather SCSI bus numbers, and the two
## are not to be confused.
#######################################################

blockDevsDir=/sys/dev/block

declare -A scsiDevLetters
declare -A hostNumbers
declare -A ataNumbers
declare -A usbNumbers

scsiDevLetterRE='/s(d[a-z]|r[0-9])$'
hostNumberRE='/host([0-9]+)/'
ataNumberRE='/ata([0-9]+)/'
usbNumberRE='/usb([0-9]+)/'

cd "$blockDevsDir"
for busid in `ls -1` ; do
    linkval=`readlink "$busid" `
    if [[ "$linkval" =~ $scsiDevLetterRE ]] ; then
        scsiDevLetter="${BASH_REMATCH[1]}"
        if [[ "$linkval" =~ $hostNumberRE ]] ; then
            hostNumber="${BASH_REMATCH[1]}"
            if [[ "$linkval" =~ $ataNumberRE ]] ; then
                ataNumber="${BASH_REMATCH[1]}"
                scsiDevLetters[$scsiDevLetter]=`printf 'ata%-2.2s  host%-2.2s' "${ataNumber}" "${hostNumber}"`
                hostNumbers[${hostNumber}]=`printf '/dev/sd%s  ata%-2.2s' "${scsiDevLetter}" "${ataNumber}"`
                ataNumbers[${ataNumber}]=`printf '/dev/sd%s  host%-2.2s' "${scsiDevLetter}" "${hostNumber}"`
            elif [[ "$linkval" =~ $usbNumberRE ]] ; then
                usbNumber="${BASH_REMATCH[1]}"
                scsiDevLetters[$scsiDevLetter]=`printf 'usb%-2.2s  host%-2.2s' "${usbNumber}" "${hostNumber}"`
                hostNumbers[${hostNumber}]=`printf '/dev/sd%s  usb%-2.2s' "${scsiDevLetter}" "${usbNumber}"`

                existingUsbValue="${usbNumbers[${usbNumber}]}"
                addedUsbValue=`printf '/dev/sd%s  host%-2.2s' "${scsiDevLetter}" "${hostNumber}"`
                if [ -n "$existingUsbValue" ] ; then
                    usbNumbers[${usbNumber}]="$existingUsbValue | $addedUsbValue"
                else
                    usbNumbers[${usbNumber}]="$addedUsbValue"
        fi
            else
        echo "Neither ata nor usb: /dev/sd${scsiDevLetter} (host${hostNumber}) !"
            fi
        else
        echo "No host number for /dev/sd${scsiDevLetter}"
        fi
    fi
done    

echo '/dev/sd?'
echo '--------'
for scsiDevLetter in `echo "${!scsiDevLetters[*]}" | tr ' ' '\n' | sort` ; do
    echo "/dev/sd${scsiDevLetter}    ${scsiDevLetters[$scsiDevLetter]}"
done
echo
echo 'ataNN'
echo '-----'
for ataNumber in `echo "${!ataNumbers[*]}" | tr ' ' '\n' | sort -n` ; do
    printf 'ata%-2.2s    %s\n' "$ataNumber" "${ataNumbers[$ataNumber]}"
done
echo
echo 'usbNN'
echo '-----'
for usbNumber in `echo "${!usbNumbers[*]}" | tr ' ' '\n' | sort -n` ; do
    printf 'usb%-2.2s    %s\n' "$usbNumber" "${usbNumbers[$usbNumber]}"
done
echo
echo 'hostNN'
echo '------'
for hostNumber in `echo "${!hostNumbers[*]}" | tr ' ' '\n' | sort -n` ; do
    printf 'host%-2.2s    %s\n' "$hostNumber" "${hostNumbers[$hostNumber]}"
done

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