我在第一个回复的末尾进行了一些编辑。
不幸的是，我在运行 debian10 的旧 LVM 安装中遇到了一些问题。
我已经安装了 Debian 11 和 Debian 10。在这样做时，我的 Debian 10 LVM 似乎已损坏（我无法再从它启动），而且我现在不知道如何安装它。 Debian 10 是使用安装程序安装的。它是加密安装的，位于跨两个驱动器的 LVM 内。在启动 initramfs 时，我必须输入密码才能解密 lvm。
我的目标是将 NVME 驱动器（存储 Debian 10 和 lvm 的位置）中的一些数据保存到新连接的 SATA 驱动器（我的新 Debian 11 安装在该驱动器上运行）。
我的主要问题是：如何从 NVME 挂载逻辑卷（等和主目录）？
我已经阅读了一些建议，但这让我越来越困惑，我不想在事情变得更糟之前在数据驱动器上犯更多错误。
一个非常简单的解决方案似乎是https://superuser.com/questions/116617/how-to-mount-an-lvm-volume但我不知道现在是否可以在这里使用它，以及它是否会以某种方式损坏底层卷/卷组。
另一个提示来自这里您可以在不访问 /etc/lvm/ 的情况下恢复 lvm 元数据吗？使用sudo strings /dev/nvme0n1p6 | less，但输出没有帮助。它只显示 lvm 是 luks 加密的：
LABELONE
LVM2 001s1TKbLcSK8egOQIexp0yoIYg8jHSpbwC
LVM2 x[5A%r0N*>
sha256
Jz?73404056-2fb5-4d7f-b1eb-8cff2273a211
{"keyslots":{"0":{"type":"luks2","key_size":64,"af":{"type":"luks1","stripes":4000,"hash":"sha512"},"area":{"type":"raw","offset":"32768","size":"258048","encryption":"aes-xts-plain64","key_size":64},"kdf":{"type":"argon2i","time":9,"memory":1048576,"cpus":4,"salt":
OUTPUT Truncated
如果您需要任何进一步的信息，请在评论中告诉我。
感谢你们对我的帮助。
pvscan
WARNING: Couldn't find device with uuid ovqLHE-HeCP-MabL-UYaZ-zKGk-dSeM-G0HP0I.
WARNING: Couldn't find device with uuid RxI6g8-Fp87-j7O4-N055-arL3-0l1E-CIIvo2.
WARNING: VG lvm-crypt is missing PV ovqLHE-HeCP-MabL-UYaZ-zKGk-dSeM-G0HP0I (last written to /dev/mapper/nvme0n1p8_crypt).
WARNING: VG lvm-crypt is missing PV RxI6g8-Fp87-j7O4-N055-arL3-0l1E-CIIvo2 (last written to /dev/mapper/nvme0n1p6_crypt).
PV [unknown] VG lvm-crypt lvm2 [86,50 GiB / 0 free]
PV [unknown] VG lvm-crypt lvm2 [400,60 GiB / 0 free]
PV /dev/mapper/sda1-crypt VG lvm-crypt lvm2 [931,49 GiB / <397,07 GiB free]
PV /dev/nvme0n1p6 lvm2 [400,62 GiB]
PV /dev/nvme0n1p9 lvm2 [<86,52 GiB]
Total: 5 [1,86 TiB] / in use: 3 [<1,39 TiB] / in no VG: 2 [<487,14 GiB]
pvdisplay
WARNING: Couldn't find device with uuid ovqLHE-HeCP-MabL-UYaZ-zKGk-dSeM-G0HP0I.
WARNING: Couldn't find device with uuid RxI6g8-Fp87-j7O4-N055-arL3-0l1E-CIIvo2.
WARNING: VG lvm-crypt is missing PV ovqLHE-HeCP-MabL-UYaZ-zKGk-dSeM-G0HP0I (last written to /dev/mapper/nvme0n1p8_crypt).
WARNING: VG lvm-crypt is missing PV RxI6g8-Fp87-j7O4-N055-arL3-0l1E-CIIvo2 (last written to /dev/mapper/nvme0n1p6_crypt).
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name [unknown]
VG Name lvm-crypt
PV Size 86,50 GiB / not usable 2,00 MiB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4,00 MiB
Total PE 22144
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 22144
PV UUID ovqLHE-HeCP-MabL-UYaZ-zKGk-dSeM-G0HP0I
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name [unknown]
VG Name lvm-crypt
PV Size <400,61 GiB / not usable 4,00 MiB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4,00 MiB
Total PE 102554
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 102554
PV UUID RxI6g8-Fp87-j7O4-N055-arL3-0l1E-CIIvo2
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/mapper/sda1-crypt
VG Name lvm-crypt
PV Size <931,50 GiB / not usable 4,00 MiB
Allocatable yes
PE Size 4,00 MiB
Total PE 238462
Free PE 101649
Allocated PE 136813
PV UUID s4UhPf-B5u1-d73L-DKcy-FR93-KvMa-kNrQJ6
"/dev/nvme0n1p6" is a new physical volume of "400,62 GiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/nvme0n1p6
VG Name
PV Size 400,62 GiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID s1TKbL-cSK8-egOQ-Iexp-0yoI-Yg8j-HSpbwC
"/dev/nvme0n1p9" is a new physical volume of "<86,52 GiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/nvme0n1p9
VG Name
PV Size <86,52 GiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID 8Lk9H1-Tveo-JCko-nfgd-EDrL-KJVq-cA01lR
lvmdiskscan
/dev/nvme0n1 [ 931,51 GiB]
/dev/mapper/sdd5-crypt [ <840,49 GiB]
/dev/nvme0n1p1 [ 450,00 MiB]
/dev/sda1 [ 931,51 GiB]
/dev/mapper/sdd6-crypt [ 498,03 GiB]
/dev/nvme0n1p2 [ 100,00 MiB]
/dev/mapper/sdc1-crypt [ <447,11 GiB]
/dev/nvme0n1p3 [ 16,00 MiB]
/dev/mapper/sda1-crypt [ <931,50 GiB] LVM physical volume
/dev/nvme0n1p4 [ <54,17 GiB]
/dev/mapper/luks-cb25c253-2141-40b5-83ae-a2c1c0980496 [ <465,75 GiB]
/dev/nvme0n1p5 [ <206,72 GiB]
/dev/nvme0n1p6 [ 400,62 GiB] LVM physical volume
/dev/nvme0n1p7 [ 500,00 MiB]
/dev/nvme0n1p8 [ 1,86 GiB]
/dev/nvme0n1p9 [ <86,52 GiB] LVM physical volume
/dev/nvme0n1p10 [ 86,91 GiB]
/dev/nvme0n1p11 [ 532,00 MiB]
/dev/nvme1n1 [ <953,87 GiB]
/dev/nvme1n1p1 [ 856,21 GiB]
/dev/sdb [ 12,73 TiB]
/dev/sdc1 [ 447,12 GiB]
/dev/sdd1 [ 487,00 MiB]
/dev/sdd2 [ 488,00 MiB]
/dev/sdd3 [ 122,00 MiB]
/dev/sdd4 [ 931,32 GiB]
/dev/sdd5 [ 840,50 GiB]
/dev/sdd6 [ <498,05 GiB]
/dev/sde1 [ 465,76 GiB]
4 disks
22 partitions
1 LVM physical volume whole disk
2 LVM physical volumes
lvdisplay
WARNING: Couldn't find device with uuid ovqLHE-HeCP-MabL-UYaZ-zKGk-dSeM-G0HP0I.
WARNING: Couldn't find device with uuid RxI6g8-Fp87-j7O4-N055-arL3-0l1E-CIIvo2.
WARNING: VG lvm-crypt is missing PV ovqLHE-HeCP-MabL-UYaZ-zKGk-dSeM-G0HP0I (last written to /dev/mapper/nvme0n1p8_crypt).
WARNING: VG lvm-crypt is missing PV RxI6g8-Fp87-j7O4-N055-arL3-0l1E-CIIvo2 (last written to /dev/mapper/nvme0n1p6_crypt).
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/lvm-crypt/wurzel
LV Name wurzel
VG Name lvm-crypt
LV UUID sYo29d-sbzF-w6Bm-0E3W-LxNK-fr9i-jDnqOu
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time r7deb, 2020-09-10 11:33:51 +0200
LV Status NOT available
LV Size 30,73 GiB
Current LE 7867
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/lvm-crypt/home
LV Name home
VG Name lvm-crypt
LV UUID WdZkeA-uAQX-ryhu-11Xb-1Qp9-v3ld-FVIoej
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time r7deb, 2020-09-10 11:33:58 +0200
LV Status NOT available
LV Size 195,31 GiB
Current LE 50000
Segments 4
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/lvm-crypt/var
LV Name var
VG Name lvm-crypt
LV UUID TQav8N-UWZB-6ST1-JMBa-dnCp-A79j-9SdPDD
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time r7deb, 2020-09-10 11:34:07 +0200
LV Status NOT available
LV Size 18,62 GiB
Current LE 4768
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/lvm-crypt/temp
LV Name temp
VG Name lvm-crypt
LV UUID YBsh1S-1QJI-yIc1-071S-Mqgr-QCoV-7ktV0g
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time r7deb, 2020-09-10 11:34:16 +0200
LV Status NOT available
LV Size <1,86 GiB
Current LE 476
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/lvm-crypt/vms
LV Name vms
VG Name lvm-crypt
LV UUID MYuXdV-QuC8-YToG-v2gU-PmlJ-fAEz-AME3Ba
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time r7deb, 2020-11-11 10:31:26 +0100
LV Status NOT available
LV Size 540,62 GiB
Current LE 138400
Segments 2
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/lvm-crypt/buero
LV Name buero
VG Name lvm-crypt
LV UUID 8sxSOg-gCfc-Dqb5-jTPg-nJGo-qklD-MaM4vV
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time r7deb, 2022-06-19 08:35:01 +0200
LV Status NOT available
LV Size <117,19 GiB
Current LE 30000
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/lvm-crypt/buero2
LV Name buero2
VG Name lvm-crypt
LV UUID r3ZqOD-6dqr-esJZ-jqg9-qzoS-7k1o-sRMf8P
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time r7deb, 2022-06-19 08:37:31 +0200
LV Status NOT available
LV Size <117,19 GiB
Current LE 30000
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
vgscan -v
WARNING: Couldn't find device with uuid ovqLHE-HeCP-MabL-UYaZ-zKGk-dSeM-G0HP0I.
WARNING: Couldn't find device with uuid RxI6g8-Fp87-j7O4-N055-arL3-0l1E-CIIvo2.
WARNING: VG lvm-crypt is missing PV ovqLHE-HeCP-MabL-UYaZ-zKGk-dSeM-G0HP0I (last written to /dev/mapper/nvme0n1p8_crypt).
WARNING: VG lvm-crypt is missing PV RxI6g8-Fp87-j7O4-N055-arL3-0l1E-CIIvo2 (last written to /dev/mapper/nvme0n1p6_crypt).
Found volume group "lvm-crypt" using metadata type lvm2
vgdisplay -v
WARNING: Couldn't find device with uuid ovqLHE-HeCP-MabL-UYaZ-zKGk-dSeM-G0HP0I.
WARNING: Couldn't find device with uuid RxI6g8-Fp87-j7O4-N055-arL3-0l1E-CIIvo2.
WARNING: VG lvm-crypt is missing PV ovqLHE-HeCP-MabL-UYaZ-zKGk-dSeM-G0HP0I (last written to /dev/mapper/nvme0n1p8_crypt).
WARNING: VG lvm-crypt is missing PV RxI6g8-Fp87-j7O4-N055-arL3-0l1E-CIIvo2 (last written to /dev/mapper/nvme0n1p6_crypt).
--- Volume group ---
VG Name lvm-crypt
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 37
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 7
Open LV 0
Max PV 0
Cur PV 3
Act PV 1
VG Size <1,39 TiB
PE Size 4,00 MiB
Total PE 363160
Alloc PE / Size 261511 / <1021,53 GiB
Free PE / Size 101649 / <397,07 GiB
VG UUID hBHElE-V8b3-bBWF-Om2J-LH8u-0D7R-Nh8vdw
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/lvm-crypt/wurzel
LV Name wurzel
VG Name lvm-crypt
LV UUID sYo29d-sbzF-w6Bm-0E3W-LxNK-fr9i-jDnqOu
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time r7deb, 2020-09-10 11:33:51 +0200
LV Status NOT available
LV Size 30,73 GiB
Current LE 7867
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/lvm-crypt/home
LV Name home
VG Name lvm-crypt
LV UUID WdZkeA-uAQX-ryhu-11Xb-1Qp9-v3ld-FVIoej
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time r7deb, 2020-09-10 11:33:58 +0200
LV Status NOT available
LV Size 195,31 GiB
Current LE 50000
Segments 4
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/lvm-crypt/var
LV Name var
VG Name lvm-crypt
LV UUID TQav8N-UWZB-6ST1-JMBa-dnCp-A79j-9SdPDD
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time r7deb, 2020-09-10 11:34:07 +0200
LV Status NOT available
LV Size 18,62 GiB
Current LE 4768
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/lvm-crypt/temp
LV Name temp
VG Name lvm-crypt
LV UUID YBsh1S-1QJI-yIc1-071S-Mqgr-QCoV-7ktV0g
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time r7deb, 2020-09-10 11:34:16 +0200
LV Status NOT available
LV Size <1,86 GiB
Current LE 476
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/lvm-crypt/vms
LV Name vms
VG Name lvm-crypt
LV UUID MYuXdV-QuC8-YToG-v2gU-PmlJ-fAEz-AME3Ba
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time r7deb, 2020-11-11 10:31:26 +0100
LV Status NOT available
LV Size 540,62 GiB
Current LE 138400
Segments 2
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/lvm-crypt/buero
LV Name buero
VG Name lvm-crypt
LV UUID 8sxSOg-gCfc-Dqb5-jTPg-nJGo-qklD-MaM4vV
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time r7deb, 2022-06-19 08:35:01 +0200
LV Status NOT available
LV Size <117,19 GiB
Current LE 30000
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/lvm-crypt/buero2
LV Name buero2
VG Name lvm-crypt
LV UUID r3ZqOD-6dqr-esJZ-jqg9-qzoS-7k1o-sRMf8P
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time r7deb, 2022-06-19 08:37:31 +0200
LV Status NOT available
LV Size <117,19 GiB
Current LE 30000
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
--- Physical volumes ---
PV Name [unknown]
PV UUID ovqLHE-HeCP-MabL-UYaZ-zKGk-dSeM-G0HP0I
PV Status allocatable
Total PE / Free PE 22144 / 0
PV Name [unknown]
PV UUID RxI6g8-Fp87-j7O4-N055-arL3-0l1E-CIIvo2
PV Status allocatable
Total PE / Free PE 102554 / 0
PV Name /dev/mapper/sda1-crypt
PV UUID s4UhPf-B5u1-d73L-DKcy-FR93-KvMa-kNrQJ6
PV Status allocatable
Total PE / Free PE 238462 / 101649
lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,TYPE,UUID
NAME SIZE TYPE UUID
sda 931,5G disk
└─sda1 931,5G part 50353f7f-7bc8-4100-85e2-56db32895c11
└─sda1-crypt 931,5G crypt s4UhPf-B5u1-d73L-DKcy-FR93-KvMa-kNrQJ6
sdb 12,7T disk a7bbc558-c28c-4df6-992d-8ce16a961147
sdc 447,1G disk
└─sdc1 447,1G part c1971d93-afc1-4f0c-875a-4280c5a275fd
└─sdc1-crypt 447,1G crypt 06cd919c-024c-4987-9e78-41551292ed60
sdd 3,6T disk
├─sdd1 487M part
├─sdd2 488M part 727C-2D0A
├─sdd3 122M part
├─sdd4 931,3G part 786749de-fa3c-4c2c-ac40-23b6ddd6e76e
├─sdd5 840,5G part 0fe82dcd-1d1d-4c4b-9f90-91c4cfd6ec07
│ └─sdd5-crypt 840,5G crypt ad53f0e9-5e4f-48c9-ba2f-2ca3af949ea2
└─sdd6 498G part 38bafe27-5b78-48ea-980c-de636514df14
└─sdd6-crypt 498G crypt eb0a33c9-bd6c-4c38-ae31-4667ba3cff24
sde 465,8G disk
└─sde1 465,8G part cb25c253-2141-40b5-83ae-a2c1c0980496
└─luks-cb25c253-2141-40b5-83ae-a2c1c0980496 465,7G crypt b7aef9a8-41d8-4d11-975f-9f77645434a2
sr0 1024M rom
nvme0n1 931,5G disk
├─nvme0n1p1 450M part D09495E59495CDFA
├─nvme0n1p2 100M part 7096-4C77
├─nvme0n1p3 16M part
├─nvme0n1p4 54,2G part C2A82FF0A82FE221
├─nvme0n1p5 206,7G part 04BFD1325C7FA67C
├─nvme0n1p6 400,6G part s1TKbL-cSK8-egOQ-Iexp-0yoI-Yg8j-HSpbwC
├─nvme0n1p7 500M part A5A2-6853
├─nvme0n1p8 1,9G part 41aadaed-4741-42a1-b17b-128c9fcf6188
├─nvme0n1p9 86,5G part 8Lk9H1-Tveo-JCko-nfgd-EDrL-KJVq-cA01lR
├─nvme0n1p10 86,9G part c6c45bc2-a657-4dbb-83b2-b8ef4b3930b9
└─nvme0n1p11 532M part A63AA7D23AA79E35
nvme1n1 953,9G disk
└─nvme1n1p1 856,2G part 68BEA6DCBEA6A1D4
编辑1：
到目前为止很糟糕。我尝试了一些方法，对我来说，UUID 似乎已更改或标头已损坏。
我找到了旧的 debian 10 /boot/ 分区，并且能够启动到 initramfs。在这里，我能够通过几年前设置的繁忙盒子登录（以便能够远程登录并远程解锁驱动器以启动系统。）所以我确实登录并找到了该crypttab文件。关于其内容，它期望不同的 UUID。
cat /cryptroot/crypttab3
nvme0n1p8_crypt UUID=1697ec4a-b30b-4642-b4f3-6ba94afc40ec none luks,discard
nvme0n1p6_crypt UUID=73404056-2fb5-4d7f-b1eb-8cff2273a211 /FIXME-initramfs-rootmnt/root/luks.keys.d/nvme0n1p6.luks.key luks,discard,initramfs
crypt_pv_SamsungQVO UUID=50353f7f-7bc8-4100-85e2-56db32895c11 /FIXME-initramfs-rootmnt/root/luks.keys.d/SamsungQVO_S4CZNG0M301660E.luks.key luks,discard,initramfs
kingston_crypt UUID=c1971d93-afc1-4f0c-875a-4280c5a275fd /FIXME-initramfs-rootmnt/root/luks.keys.d/KINGSTON_SHFS37A480G_50026B7269007A6C.luks.key luks,discard,initramfs
我尝试使用手动将它们调整到适当的分区vi，但找不到有效的 LUKS 分区。
在启动 Debian 11 时尝试解密驱动器时出现相同的结果。它说这不是有效的 LUKS 分区。
因此，此时我可能会放弃认为分区标头已损坏（这确实很可疑 - 我的意思是同时有两个损坏的 luks 标头），或者 LVM 需要先设置卷组，然后才能使用 LUKS 解锁分区/卷。我想这里就是后者，但我已经没有想法了。
如果您没有更好的建议，我将尝试将 UUID 更改为我在旧 /boot/ 分区中找到的 initramfs 内的 crypttab 文件中记录的 UUID。
希望 LVM 能够以这种方式把事情做好。