我遇到了一些硬盘问题。我在 RAID1 中有两个 3T SATA 驱动器，与启动磁盘分开，将它们取出来修复其他问题并将它们重新插入后，它们不再工作，并且似乎丢失了分区。这对于两个驱动器都是如此，它们的行为相同。
当我检查 BIOS 时，它认为它们具有 4G 容量。这也是我在 lsblk 和 testdisk 中看到的内容，它表示如果未正确检测到磁盘容量并且 GNU ddrescue 也没有找到任何可保存的内容，则它将无法工作。根据希捷网站，没有可用的新固件版本，启动磁盘上从工作时到不工作时没有任何变化。
~$ lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sdb 8:16 0 3.9G 0 disk
sdc 8:32 0 3.9G 0 disk
sda 8:0 0 256.2G 0 disk
├─sda2 8:2 0 247.8G 0 part /
├─sda3 8:3 0 7.9G 0 part [SWAP]
└─sda1 8:1 0 512M 0 part /boot/efi
~$ sudo smartctl -a /dev/sdb
smartctl 6.5 2016-01-24 r4214 [x86_64-linux-4.15.0-142-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-16, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Device Model: ST3000DM001
Serial Number: Z1F3TP48
LU WWN Device Id: 5 000c50 064db4f7e
Firmware Version: CC24
User Capacity: 137,438,952,960 bytes [137 GB]
Sector Size: 512 bytes logical/physical
Rotation Rate: 7200 rpm
Device is: Not in smartctl database [for details use: -P showall]
ATA Version is: ATA8-ACS T13/1699-D revision 4
SATA Version is: SATA 3.0, 6.0 Gb/s
Local Time is: Tue Jan 17 21:26:45 2023 PST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
Read SMART Data failed: scsi error badly formed scsi parameters
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART Status command failed: scsi error badly formed scsi parameters
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: UNKNOWN!
SMART Status, Attributes and Thresholds cannot be read.
Read SMART Log Directory failed: scsi error badly formed scsi parameters
Read SMART Error Log failed: scsi error badly formed scsi parameters
Read SMART Self-test Log failed: scsi error badly formed scsi parameters
Selective Self-tests/Logging not supported
对我所做的事情或如何恢复数据有什么想法吗？
更新：
我已经应用了 BIOS 更新（感谢 @Artem S. Tashkinov 和 @Ardonit），但它仍然将驱动器检测为 4G 而不是 3T。我还尝试使用 USB 外壳访问另一台计算机上的一个驱动器，lsblk 也将其视为 4G。
我听说这些驱动器可能有问题（谢谢，@bib），并打算在此之前更换它们，但我真的想先恢复它们的数据。我猜想，如果两个磁盘同时出现同样的问题，那么设置镜像 RAID 并没有什么帮助。
更新2：
我的浏览器崩溃了，我丢失了我的访客登录 cookie，所以希望这个更新能起作用。
这是一次软件袭击，我使用的是 mdadm。谢谢@symcbean，我应该提到这一点。
一位朋友让我通过 USB 外壳在他们的 Windows 笔记本电脑上尝试该磁盘，除了系统日志中的一些 I/O 错误之外，它甚至看不到该驱动器。磁盘管理器里什么都没有。
我了解到mdadm 根据其版本将 raid 超级块放在不同的位置，所以我尝试使用 --metadata 设置从 0 到 1.2 进行组装和检查，每次都给出 no RAID superblock 错误
我也用过SeaTools 可启动尝试手动设置驱动器容量，因为 hdparm 不想这样做，但那里也没有骰子。
~$ sudo hdparm -N /dev/sdb
/dev/sdb:
SG_IO: bad/missing sense data, sb[]: 70 00 05 00 00 00 00 0a 04 51 40 00 21 04 00 00 80 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
SG_IO: bad/missing sense data, sb[]: 70 00 05 00 00 00 00 0a 04 51 40 01 21 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
max sectors = 8089950/1(1?), HPA setting seems invalid (buggy kernel device driver?)
（我知道这是 get 命令，但 set 给了我同样的东西）
~$ sudo hdparm -I /dev/sdb
/dev/sdb:
ATA device, with non-removable media
Model Number: ST3000DM001
Serial Number: Z1F3TP48
Firmware Revision: CC24
Transport: Serial, SATA Rev 3.0
Standards:
Used: unknown (minor revision code 0x0029)
Supported: 8 7 6 5
Likely used: 8
Configuration:
Logical max current
cylinders 16383 16383
heads 16 16
sectors/track 63 63
--
CHS current addressable sectors: 16514064
LBA user addressable sectors: 268435455
LBA48 user addressable sectors: 8089950
Logical/Physical Sector size: 512 bytes
device size with M = 1024*1024: 3950 MBytes
device size with M = 1000*1000: 4142 MBytes (4 GB)
cache/buffer size = unknown
Nominal Media Rotation Rate: 7200
Capabilities:
LBA, IORDY(can be disabled)
Queue depth: 32
Standby timer values: spec'd by Standard, no device specific minimum
R/W multiple sector transfer: Max = 16 Current = 16
Recommended acoustic management value: 254, current value: 0
DMA: mdma0 mdma1 mdma2 udma0 udma1 udma2 udma3 udma4 udma5 *udma6
Cycle time: min=120ns recommended=120ns
PIO: pio0 pio1 pio2 pio3 pio4
Cycle time: no flow control=120ns IORDY flow control=120ns
Commands/features:
Enabled Supported:
* SMART feature set
Security Mode feature set
* Power Management feature set
* Write cache
* Look-ahead
* Host Protected Area feature set
* WRITE_BUFFER command
* READ_BUFFER command
* DOWNLOAD_MICROCODE
SET_MAX security extension
* 48-bit Address feature set
* Device Configuration Overlay feature set
* Mandatory FLUSH_CACHE
* FLUSH_CACHE_EXT
* SMART error logging
* SMART self-test
* General Purpose Logging feature set
* WRITE_{DMA|MULTIPLE}_FUA_EXT
* 64-bit World wide name
Write-Read-Verify feature set
* WRITE_UNCORRECTABLE_EXT command
* {READ,WRITE}_DMA_EXT_GPL commands
* Segmented DOWNLOAD_MICROCODE
* unknown 119[7]
* Gen1 signaling speed (1.5Gb/s)
* Gen2 signaling speed (3.0Gb/s)
* Gen3 signaling speed (6.0Gb/s)
* Native Command Queueing (NCQ)
* Phy event counters
* READ_LOG_DMA_EXT equivalent to READ_LOG_EXT
Device-initiated interface power management
Software settings preservation
* SMART Command Transport (SCT) feature set
* SCT Write Same (AC2)
* SCT Error Recovery Control (AC3)
* SCT Features Control (AC4)
* SCT Data Tables (AC5)
unknown 206[7]
unknown 206[12] (vendor specific)
Security:
Master password revision code = 65534
supported
not enabled
not locked
not frozen
not expired: security count
supported: enhanced erase
210min for SECURITY ERASE UNIT. 210min for ENHANCED SECURITY ERASE UNIT.
Logical Unit WWN Device Identifier: 5000c50064db4f7e
NAA : 5
IEEE OUI : 000c50
Unique ID : 064db4f7e
Integrity word not set (found 0x0000, expected 0x88a5)