我在服务器上想做什么都会收到此错误
cannot create temp file for here-document: Read-only file system
cpanel、whm 和所有网站都已关闭
我的所有系统文件都是只读的。我寻找任何可能有帮助的东西，但它不起作用:(
我有200G的可用磁盘空间。我的操作系统是带有 WHM (Cpanel) 的 Centos 它位于 Hetzner 数据中心 救援没有帮助
我无法编辑 /etc/fstab，因为它是只读的。
vim /etc/fstab
我的磁盘是
[root@server ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /dev
tmpfs 32G 25M 32G 1% /run
tmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/md2 874G 545G 285G 66% /
tmpfs 6.3G 0 6.3G 0% /run/user/0
我尝试重新安装，但它也不起作用。
mount -o remount,rw /
'dmesg | 的输出尾巴'
[ 3.576436] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): enp0s31f6: link is not ready
[ 6.969821] e1000e: enp0s31f6 NIC Link is Up 1000 Mbps Full Duplex, Flow Control: Rx/Tx
[ 6.970035] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): enp0s31f6: link becomes ready
[ 10.124036] ip6_tables: (C) 2000-2006 Netfilter Core Team
[ 10.140747] nf_conntrack version 0.5.0 (65536 buckets, 262144 max)
[ 42.683041] systemd-readahead[566]: Failed to open pack file: Read-only file system
[ 60.065749] ip_set: protocol 7
[ 302.063222] EXT4-fs (md2): error count since last fsck: 354
[ 302.063288] EXT4-fs (md2): initial error at time 1622194023: ext4_xattr_block_get:321: inode 37361099
[ 302.063461] EXT4-fs (md2): last error at time 1660967530: ext4_xattr_block_get:321: inode 37358850
“journalctl -xe”的输出
[root@server ~]# journalctl -xe
Jan 20 19:31:31 server.mm.com rsyslogd[1205]: action 'action 1' suspended, next retry is Fri Jan 20 19:32:01 2023 [v8.24.0-57.el7_9.3 try http://www.rsyslog.com/e/2007 ]
Jan 20 19:31:31 server.mm.com rsyslogd[1205]: imjournal: fopen() failed for path: '/var/lib/rsyslog/imjournal.state.tmp': Read-only file system [v8.24.0-57.el7_9.3 try http://www.rsyslog.com/e/2013 ]
Jan 20 19:31:31 server.mm.com PAM-hulk[5183]: failed to connect stream socket
Jan 20 19:31:31 server.mm.com sshd[5183]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): check pass; user unknown
Jan 20 19:31:31 server.mm.com sshd[5183]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): authentication failure; logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty=ssh ruser= rhost=46.101.248.68
Jan 20 19:31:31 server.mm.com rsyslogd[1205]: imjournal: fopen() failed for path: '/var/lib/rsyslog/imjournal.state.tmp': Read-only file system [v8.24.0-57.el7_9.3 try http://www.rsyslog.com/e/2013 ]
Jan 20 19:31:31 server.mm.com rsyslogd[1205]: imjournal: fopen() failed for path: '/var/lib/rsyslog/imjournal.state.tmp': Read-only file system [v8.24.0-57.el7_9.3 try http://www.rsyslog.com/e/2013 ]
Jan 20 19:31:32 server.mm.com sshd[5183]: Failed password for invalid user amssys from 46.101.248.68 port 38188 ssh2
Jan 20 19:31:32 server.mm.com sshd[5183]: Received disconnect from 46.101.248.68 port 38188:11: Bye Bye [preauth]
Jan 20 19:31:32 server.mm.com sshd[5183]: Disconnected from 46.101.248.68 port 38188 [preauth]
Jan 20 19:31:33 server.mm.com PAM-hulk[5182]: failed to connect stream socket
Jan 20 19:31:33 server.mm.com sshd[5182]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): authentication failure; logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty=ssh ruser= rhost=61.177.173.39 user=root
Jan 20 19:31:33 server.mm.com sshd[5182]: pam_succeed_if(sshd:auth): requirement "uid >= 1000" not met by user "root"
Jan 20 19:31:33 server.mm.com rsyslogd[1205]: imjournal: fopen() failed for path: '/var/lib/rsyslog/imjournal.state.tmp': Read-only file system [v8.24.0-57.el7_9.3 try http://www.rsyslog.com/e/2013 ]
Jan 20 19:31:34 server.mm.com sshd[5189]: Invalid user netadmin from 43.134.40.99 port 42568
Jan 20 19:31:34 server.mm.com sshd[5189]: input_userauth_request: invalid user netadmin [preauth]
Jan 20 19:31:34 server.mm.com PAM-hulk[5189]: failed to connect stream socket
Jan 20 19:31:34 server.mm.com sshd[5189]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): check pass; user unknown
Jan 20 19:31:34 server.mm.com sshd[5189]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): authentication failure; logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty=ssh ruser= rhost=43.134.40.99
Jan 20 19:31:35 server.mm.com sshd[5182]: Failed password for root from 61.177.173.39 port 58331 ssh2
Jan 20 19:31:36 server.mm.com PAM-hulk[5182]: failed to connect stream socket
Jan 20 19:31:36 server.mm.com sshd[5182]: pam_succeed_if(sshd:auth): requirement "uid >= 1000" not met by user "root"
Jan 20 19:31:37 server.mm.com sshd[5189]: Failed password for invalid user netadmin from 43.134.40.99 port 42568 ssh2
Jan 20 19:31:37 server.mm.com rsyslogd[1205]: imjournal: fopen() failed for path: '/var/lib/rsyslog/imjournal.state.tmp': Read-only file system [v8.24.0-57.el7_9.3 try http://www.rsyslog.com/e/2013 ]
Jan 20 19:31:37 server.mm.com sshd[5189]: Received disconnect from 43.134.40.99 port 42568:11: Bye Bye [preauth]
Jan 20 19:31:37 server.mm.com sshd[5189]: Disconnected from 43.134.40.99 port 42568 [preauth]
Jan 20 19:31:38 server.mm.com sshd[5182]: Failed password for root from 61.177.173.39 port 58331 ssh2
Jan 20 19:31:38 server.mm.com PAM-hulk[5182]: failed to connect stream socket
Jan 20 19:31:38 server.mm.com sshd[5182]: pam_succeed_if(sshd:auth): requirement "uid >= 1000" not met by user "root"
Jan 20 19:34:36 server.mm.com rsyslogd[1205]: file '/var/log/messages': open error: Read-only file system [v8.24.0-57.el7_9.3 try http://www.rsyslog.com/e/2433 ]
Jan 20 19:34:36 server.mm.com systemd[1]: Started clamd antivirus daemon.
-- Subject: Unit clamd.service has finished start-up
-- Defined-By: systemd
-- Support: http://lists.freedesktop.org/mailman/listinfo/systemd-devel
--
-- Unit clamd.service has finished starting up.
--
-- The start-up result is done.
Jan 20 19:34:36 server.mm.com rsyslogd[1205]: action 'action 0' resumed (module 'builtin:omfile') [v8.24.0-57.el7_9.3 try http://www.rsyslog.com/e/2359 ]
Jan 20 19:34:36 server.mm.com rsyslogd[1205]: file '/var/log/messages': open error: Read-only file system [v8.24.0-57.el7_9.3 try http://www.rsyslog.com/e/2433 ]
Jan 20 19:34:36 server.mm.com rsyslogd[1205]: action 'action 0' resumed (module 'builtin:omfile') [v8.24.0-57.el7_9.3 try http://www.rsyslog.com/e/2359 ]
Jan 20 19:34:36 server.mm.com rsyslogd[1205]: file '/var/log/messages': open error: Read-only file system [v8.24.0-57.el7_9.3 try http://www.rsyslog.com/e/2433 ]
Jan 20 19:34:36 server.mm.com rsyslogd[1205]: action 'action 0' resumed (module 'builtin:omfile') [v8.24.0-57.el7_9.3 try http://www.rsyslog.com/e/2359 ]
Jan 20 19:34:36 server.mm.com rsyslogd[1205]: file '/var/log/messages': open error: Read-only file system [v8.24.0-57.el7_9.3 try http://www.rsyslog.com/e/2433 ]
Jan 20 19:34:36 server.mm.com rsyslogd[1205]: action 'action 0' resumed (module 'builtin:omfile') [v8.24.0-57.el7_9.3 try http://www.rsyslog.com/e/2359 ]
Jan 20 19:34:36 server.mm.com rsyslogd[1205]: file '/var/log/messages': open error: Read-only file system [v8.24.0-57.el7_9.3 try http://www.rsyslog.com/e/2433 ]
Jan 20 19:34:36 server.mm.com rsyslogd[1205]: action 'action 0' resumed (module 'builtin:omfile') [v8.24.0-57.el7_9.3 try http://www.rsyslog.com/e/2359 ]
Jan 20 19:34:36 server.mm.com rsyslogd[1205]: file '/var/log/messages': open error: Read-only file system [v8.24.0-57.el7_9.3 try http://www.rsyslog.com/e/2433 ]
Jan 20 19:34:36 server.mm.com rsyslogd[1205]: action 'action 0' resumed (module 'builtin:omfile') [v8.24.0-57.el7_9.3 try http://www.rsyslog.com/e/2359 ]
Jan 20 19:34:36 server.mm.com rsyslogd[1205]: file '/var/log/messages': open error: Read-only file system [v8.24.0-57.el7_9.3 try http://www.rsyslog.com/e/2433 ]
Jan 20 19:34:36 server.mm.com rsyslogd[1205]: action 'action 0' resumed (module 'builtin:omfile') [v8.24.0-57.el7_9.3 try http://www.rsyslog.com/e/2359 ]
Jan 20 19:34:36 server.mm.com rsyslogd[1205]: file '/var/log/messages': open error: Read-only file system [v8.24.0-57.el7_9.3 try http://www.rsyslog.com/e/2433 ]
Jan 20 19:34:36 server.mm.com rsyslogd[1205]: action 'action 0' resumed (module 'builtin:omfile') [v8.24.0-57.el7_9.3 try http://www.rsyslog.com/e/2359 ]
Jan 20 19:34:36 server.mm.com rsyslogd[1205]: file '/var/log/messages': open error: Read-only file system [v8.24.0-57.el7_9.3 try http://www.rsyslog.com/e/2433 ]
Jan 20 19:34:36 server.mm.com rsyslogd[1205]: action 'action 0' suspended, next retry is Fri Jan 20 19:35:06 2023 [v8.24.0-57.el7_9.3 try http://www.rsyslog.com/e/2007 ]
Jan 20 19:34:36 server.mm.com rsyslogd[1205]: imjournal: fopen() failed for path: '/var/lib/rsyslog/imjournal.state.tmp': Read-only file system [v8.24.0-57.el7_9.3 try http://www.rsyslog.com/e/2013 ]
Jan 20 19:34:36 server.mm.com rsyslogd[1205]: imjournal: fopen() failed for path: '/var/lib/rsyslog/imjournal.state.tmp': Read-only file system [v8.24.0-57.el7_9.3 try http://www.rsyslog.com/e/2013 ]
Jan 20 19:34:36 server.mm.com rsyslogd[1205]: imjournal: fopen() failed for path: '/var/lib/rsyslog/imjournal.state.tmp': Read-only file system [v8.24.0-57.el7_9.3 try http://www.rsyslog.com/e/2013 ]
解决了： 我联系了 Hetzner 支持人员，他们为我解决了这个问题，非常感谢！
Please use the following wiki guide to run the file system check:
-----------------%<-----------------
https://docs.hetzner.com/robot/dedicated-server/troubleshooting/filesystem-check/
答案1
如果使用 rw 权限重新挂载不起作用，请尝试以救援模式启动服务器并在分区上运行文件系统检查 (fsck)，然后尝试再次重新挂载。您还可以尝试使用命令 e2fsck -p /dev/sda1 修复文件系统（假设 /dev/sda1 是有问题的分区）。