使用恢复以前的快照后timeshift，grub 现在启动到命令行。如果我输入以下命令，我可以返回 Ubuntu (KDE neon)：
> set prefix=(hd0,gpt1)/efi/grub (or "set prefix=(hd0,gpt1)/efi/neon" both works)
> set root=(hd0,gpt4)/
> insmod normal
> normal
不幸的是，我每次都应该输入这些命令，但我不知道如何修复它。我尝试过运行：
sudo update-grub
sudo grub-install /dev/nvme0n1
我也尝试过跑步Boot-repair但没有运气。如果我在 BIOS 上将启动顺序更改为 Windows，则可以毫无问题地启动它。
下面是输出boot-info命令：
boot-info-4ppa203 [20230304_1957]
============================== Boot Info Summary ===============================
=> No boot loader is installed in the MBR of /dev/nvme0n1.
=> No boot loader is installed in the MBR of /dev/nvme1n1.
nvme0n1p1: _____________________________________________________________________
File system: vfat
Boot sector type: Windows 8/10/11/2012: FAT32
Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
Operating System:
Boot files: /efi/Boot/bkpbootx64.efi /efi/Boot/bootx64.efi
/efi/Boot/fbx64.efi /efi/Boot/mmx64.efi
/efi/grub/grubx64.efi /efi/grub/mmx64.efi
/efi/grub/shimx64.efi /efi/neon/grubx64.efi
/efi/neon/mmx64.efi /efi/neon/shimx64.efi
/efi/grub/grub.cfg /efi/neon/grub.cfg
/efi/ubuntu/grub.cfg /efi/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi
/efi/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgr.efi
nvme0n1p2: _____________________________________________________________________
File system:
Boot sector type: -
Boot sector info:
nvme0n1p3: _____________________________________________________________________
File system: ntfs
Boot sector type: Windows 8/10/11/2012: NTFS
Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
Operating System: Windows 10 or 11
Boot files: /Windows/System32/winload.exe
nvme0n1p4: _____________________________________________________________________
File system: ext4
Boot sector type: -
Boot sector info:
Operating System: KDE neon User - 5.26
Boot files: /boot/grub/grub.cfg /etc/fstab /etc/default/grub
nvme0n1p5: _____________________________________________________________________
File system: ext4
Boot sector type: -
Boot sector info:
Operating System:
Boot files:
nvme1n1p1: _____________________________________________________________________
File system: ntfs
Boot sector type: Windows 8/10/11/2012: NTFS
Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
Operating System:
Boot files:
================================ 2 OS detected =================================
OS#1: KDE neon User - 5.26 on nvme0n1p4
OS#2: Windows 10 or 11 on nvme0n1p3
================================ Host/Hardware =================================
CPU architecture: 64-bit
Video: NVIDIA Corporation Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] from NVIDIA Corporation Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI]
BOOT_IMAGE of the installed session in use:
/boot/vmlinuz-6.0.9-060009-generic root=UUID=b386cc7c-a076-48b9-bdf7-86fe3af5136c ro quiet splash vt.handoff=7
df -Th / : /dev/nvme0n1p4 ext4 98G 55G 39G 59% /
===================================== UEFI =====================================
BIOS/UEFI firmware: GKCN59WW(1.59) from LENOVO
The firmware is EFI-compatible, and is set in EFI-mode for this installed-session.
SecureBoot disabled (confirmed by mokutil).
BootCurrent: 0004
Timeout: 0 seconds
BootOrder: 0004,2001,0000,0005,2002,2003
Boot0000* Windows Boot Manager HD(1,GPT,f9f3fec7-bd7d-4ef5-afbf-633df4359ff0,0x800,0xfa000)/File(\EFI\Microsoft\Boot\bootmgfw.efi)RC
Boot0002* EFI PXE 0 for IPv6 (88-A4-C2-A6-A1-D5) PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x2,0x1)/Pci(0x0,0x0)/MAC(88a4c2a6a1d5,0)/IPv6([::]:<->[::]:,0,0)RC
Boot0003* EFI PXE 0 for IPv4 (88-A4-C2-A6-A1-D5) PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x2,0x1)/Pci(0x0,0x0)/MAC(88a4c2a6a1d5,0)/IPv4(0.0.0.00.0.0.0,0,0)RC
Boot0004* grub HD(1,GPT,f9f3fec7-bd7d-4ef5-afbf-633df4359ff0,0x800,0xfa000)/File(\EFI\grub\shimx64.efi)
Boot0005* ke HD(1,GPT,f9f3fec7-bd7d-4ef5-afbf-633df4359ff0,0x800,0xfa000)/File(\EFI\neon\grubx64.efi)WINDOWS.........x...B.C.D.O.B.J.E.C.T.=.{.9.d.e.a.8.6.2.c.-.5.c.d.d.-.4.e.7.0.-.a.c.c.1.-.f.3.2.b.3.4.4.d.4.7.9.5.}...a................
Boot2001* EFI USB Device RC
Boot2002* EFI DVD/CDROM RC
Boot2003* EFI Network RC
============================= Drive/Partition Info =============================
Disks info: ____________________________________________________________________
nvme0n1 : is-GPT, no-BIOSboot, has---ESP, not-usb, not-mmc, has-os, has-win, 2048 sectors * 512 bytes
nvme1n1 : is-GPT, no-BIOSboot, has-noESP, not-usb, not-mmc, no-os, no-wind, 2048 sectors * 512 bytes
Partitions info (1/3): _________________________________________________________
nvme0n1p4 : is-os, 64, apt-get, signed grub-pc grub-efi , grub2, grub-install, grubenv-ok, update-grub, farbios
nvme1n1p1 : no-os, 64, nopakmgr, no-docgrub, nogrub, nogrubinstall, no-grubenv, noupdategrub, farbios
nvme0n1p1 : no-os, 64, nopakmgr, no-docgrub, nogrub, nogrubinstall, no-grubenv, noupdategrub, not-far
nvme0n1p3 : is-os, 64, nopakmgr, no-docgrub, nogrub, nogrubinstall, no-grubenv, noupdategrub, not-far
nvme0n1p5 : no-os, 64, nopakmgr, no-docgrub, nogrub, nogrubinstall, no-grubenv, noupdategrub, farbios
Partitions info (2/3): _________________________________________________________
nvme0n1p4 : isnotESP, fstab-has-goodEFI, no-nt, no-winload, no-recov-nor-hid, no-bmgr, notwinboot
nvme1n1p1 : isnotESP, part-has-no-fstab, no-nt, no-winload, no-recov-nor-hid, no-bmgr, notwinboot
nvme0n1p1 : is---ESP, part-has-no-fstab, no-nt, no-winload, no-recov-nor-hid, no-bmgr, notwinboot
nvme0n1p3 : isnotESP, part-has-no-fstab, no-nt, haswinload, no-recov-nor-hid, no-bmgr, notwinboot
nvme0n1p5 : isnotESP, part-has-no-fstab, no-nt, no-winload, no-recov-nor-hid, no-bmgr, notwinboot
Partitions info (3/3): _________________________________________________________
nvme0n1p4 : not--sepboot, with-boot, fstab-without-boot, not-sep-usr, with--usr, fstab-without-usr, std-grub.d, nvme0n1
nvme1n1p1 : not--sepboot, no---boot, part-has-no-fstab, not-sep-usr, no---usr, part-has-no-fstab, no--grub.d, nvme1n1
nvme0n1p1 : not--sepboot, no---boot, part-has-no-fstab, not-sep-usr, no---usr, part-has-no-fstab, no--grub.d, nvme0n1
nvme0n1p3 : not--sepboot, no---boot, part-has-no-fstab, not-sep-usr, no---usr, part-has-no-fstab, no--grub.d, nvme0n1
nvme0n1p5 : maybesepboot, no---boot, part-has-no-fstab, not-sep-usr, no---usr, part-has-no-fstab, no--grub.d, nvme0n1
fdisk -l (filtered): ___________________________________________________________
Disk nvme1n1: 931.53 GiB, 1000204886016 bytes, 1953525168 sectors
Disk identifier: 41D0A58A-BCCA-4999-AE9C-77ED139B7F5D
Start End Sectors Size Type
nvme1n1p1 2048 1953523711 1953521664 931.5G Microsoft basic data
Disk nvme0n1: 476.96 GiB, 512110190592 bytes, 1000215216 sectors
Disk identifier: 41BFB7F3-AF8C-41C5-9190-2DB7078D13D7
Start End Sectors Size Type
nvme0n1p1 2048 1026047 1024000 500M EFI System
nvme0n1p2 1026048 1058815 32768 16M Microsoft reserved
nvme0n1p3 1058816 135243775 134184960 64G Microsoft basic data
nvme0n1p4 135243776 344958975 209715200 100G Linux filesystem
nvme0n1p5 344958976 1000215182 655256207 312.5G Linux filesystem
parted -lm (filtered): _________________________________________________________
nvme0n1:512GB:nvme:512:512:gpt:SAMSUNG MZVLB512HBJQ-000L2:;
1:1049kB:525MB:524MB:fat32:EFI System Partition:boot, esp;
2:525MB:542MB:16.8MB::Microsoft reserved partition:msftres;
3:542MB:69.2GB:68.7GB:ntfs:Windows:msftdata;
4:69.2GB:177GB:107GB:ext4::;
5:177GB:512GB:335GB:ext4::;
nvme1n1:1000GB:nvme:512:512:gpt:T-CREATE TM8FPH001T:;
1:1049kB:1000GB:1000GB:ntfs:Basic data partition:msftdata;
blkid (filtered): ______________________________________________________________
NAME FSTYPE UUID PARTUUID LABEL PARTLABEL
nvme1n1
└─nvme1n1p1 ntfs EC84F84484F812B6 30897a30-bc92-4dd4-95c7-197c6a9c1507 Assets Basic data partition
nvme0n1
├─nvme0n1p1 vfat 02F8-E8D1 f9f3fec7-bd7d-4ef5-afbf-633df4359ff0 EFI System Partition
├─nvme0n1p2 dcc345ec-1019-4035-a464-2f89c1271e3b Microsoft reserved partition
├─nvme0n1p3 ntfs 34ACF8C4ACF881A2 5f35bfa4-31c9-4038-b18f-a6c7df590937 Windows
├─nvme0n1p4 ext4 b386cc7c-a076-48b9-bdf7-86fe3af5136c 5d681f33-e946-7e4a-b80a-9b02561aacfc
└─nvme0n1p5 ext4 1fb6f877-742b-467e-bcb6-96c3f097a920 a1c0e888-2eb2-c547-953c-3dbc1a0b413f
Mount points (filtered): _______________________________________________________
Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/nvme0n1p3 18.5G 71% /mnt/boot-sav/nvme0n1p3
/dev/nvme0n1p4 38.8G 55% /
/dev/nvme0n1p5 83.3G 68% /home
/dev/nvme1n1p1 27.8G 97% /media/razor/Assets
/dev/nvme1n1p1[/Documents] 27.8G 97% /home/razor/Documents
/dev/nvme1n1p1[/Music] 27.8G 97% /home/razor/Music
/dev/nvme1n1p1[/Pictures] 27.8G 97% /home/razor/Pictures
/dev/nvme1n1p1[/Videos] 27.8G 97% /home/razor/Videos
Mount options (filtered): ______________________________________________________
==================== nvme0n1p1/efi/grub/grub.cfg (filtered) ====================
search.fs_uuid b386cc7c-a076-48b9-bdf7-86fe3af5136c root
set prefix=($root)'/boot/grub'
configfile $prefix/grub.cfg
==================== nvme0n1p1/efi/neon/grub.cfg (filtered) ====================
search.fs_uuid 466639e3-84e8-470b-84da-98a7ca9396f2 root
set prefix=($root)'/boot/grub'
configfile $prefix/grub.cfg
=================== nvme0n1p1/efi/ubuntu/grub.cfg (filtered) ===================
search.fs_uuid 466639e3-84e8-470b-84da-98a7ca9396f2 root
set prefix=($root)'/boot/grub'
configfile $prefix/grub.cfg
=================== nvme0n1p4/boot/grub/grub.cfg (filtered) ====================
GNU/Linux b386cc7c-a076-48b9-bdf7-86fe3af5136c
GNU/Linux, with Linux 6.0.9-060009-generic b386cc7c-a076-48b9-bdf7-86fe3af5136c
GNU/Linux, with Linux 6.0.7-060007-generic b386cc7c-a076-48b9-bdf7-86fe3af5136c
GNU/Linux, with Linux 5.19.12-051912-generic b386cc7c-a076-48b9-bdf7-86fe3af5136c
GNU/Linux, with Linux 5.19.9-051909-generic b386cc7c-a076-48b9-bdf7-86fe3af5136c
GNU/Linux, with Linux 5.19.7-051907-generic b386cc7c-a076-48b9-bdf7-86fe3af5136c
GNU/Linux, with Linux 5.19.5-051905-generic b386cc7c-a076-48b9-bdf7-86fe3af5136c
GNU/Linux, with Linux 5.19.3-051903-generic b386cc7c-a076-48b9-bdf7-86fe3af5136c
GNU/Linux, with Linux 5.19.1-051901-generic b386cc7c-a076-48b9-bdf7-86fe3af5136c
GNU/Linux, with Linux 5.19-051900-generic b386cc7c-a076-48b9-bdf7-86fe3af5136c
GNU/Linux, with Linux 5.4.0-135-generic b386cc7c-a076-48b9-bdf7-86fe3af5136c
GNU/Linux, with Linux 5.4.0-131-generic b386cc7c-a076-48b9-bdf7-86fe3af5136c
Windows Boot Manager (on nvme0n1p1) osprober-efi-02F8-E8D1
### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###
### END /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware ###
======================== nvme0n1p4/etc/fstab (filtered) ========================
# <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>
UUID=b386cc7c-a076-48b9-bdf7-86fe3af5136c / ext4 defaults,noatime 0 1
UUID=1fb6f877-742b-467e-bcb6-96c3f097a920 /home ext4 defaults,noatime 0 2
UUID=EC84F84484F812B6 /media/razor/Assets ntfs3 noatime,uid=1000,gid=1000,fmask=0112,dmask=0002,rw,iocharset=utf8 0 0
/media/razor/Assets/Pictures /home/razor/Pictures auto defaults,nofail,nobootwait,bind 0 2
/media/razor/Assets/Music /home/razor/Music auto defaults,nofail,nobootwait,bind 0 2
/media/razor/Assets/Videos /home/razor/Videos auto defaults,nofail,nobootwait,bind 0 2
/media/razor/Assets/Documents /home/razor/Documents auto defaults,nofail,nobootwait,bind 0 2
UUID=02F8-E8D1 /boot/efi vfat defaults 0 1
==================== nvme0n1p4/etc/default/grub (filtered) =====================
GRUB_DEFAULT=0
GRUB_TIMEOUT_STYLE=menu
GRUB_TIMEOUT=10
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""
GRUB_DISABLE_OS_PROBER=false
================= nvme0n1p4: Location of files loaded by Grub ==================
GiB - GB File Fragment(s)
126.663829803 = 136.004251648 boot/grub/grub.cfg 4
128.473628998 = 137.947508736 boot/vmlinuz 2
112.476821899 = 120.771067904 boot/vmlinuz-5.19-051900-generic 1
112.523818970 = 120.821530624 boot/vmlinuz-5.19.1-051901-generic 2
128.375267029 = 137.841893376 boot/vmlinuz-5.19.12-051912-generic 1
128.387691498 = 137.855234048 boot/vmlinuz-5.19.3-051903-generic 2
128.398700714 = 137.867055104 boot/vmlinuz-5.19.5-051905-generic 1
128.411128998 = 137.880399872 boot/vmlinuz-5.19.7-051907-generic 2
128.422142029 = 137.892225024 boot/vmlinuz-5.19.9-051909-generic 1
128.439483643 = 137.910845440 boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-131-generic 1
128.455112457 = 137.927626752 boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-135-generic 1
128.465816498 = 137.939120128 boot/vmlinuz-6.0.7-060007-generic 2
128.473628998 = 137.947508736 boot/vmlinuz-6.0.9-060009-generic 2
128.455112457 = 137.927626752 boot/vmlinuz.old 1
157.724925995 = 169.355849728 boot/initrd.img 1
80.364151001 = 86.290350080 boot/initrd.img-5.19-051900-generic 1
76.364162445 = 81.995395072 boot/initrd.img-5.19.1-051901-generic 1
144.364200592 = 155.009880064 boot/initrd.img-5.19.12-051912-generic 1
160.364177704 = 172.189724672 boot/initrd.img-5.19.3-051903-generic 1
158.864253998 = 170.579193856 boot/initrd.img-5.19.5-051905-generic 2
157.176685333 = 168.767180800 boot/initrd.img-5.19.7-051907-generic 1
157.301689148 = 168.901402624 boot/initrd.img-5.19.9-051909-generic 1
157.383125305 = 168.988844032 boot/initrd.img-5.4.0-131-generic 1
157.465816498 = 169.077633024 boot/initrd.img-5.4.0-135-generic 2
157.592098236 = 169.213227008 boot/initrd.img-6.0.7-060007-generic 1
157.724925995 = 169.355849728 boot/initrd.img-6.0.9-060009-generic 1
157.465816498 = 169.077633024 boot/initrd.img.old 2
=================== nvme0n1p4: ls -l /etc/grub.d/ (filtered) ===================
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 18224 Jan 11 2022 10_linux
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 42359 Aug 12 2021 10_linux_zfs
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 12894 Aug 12 2021 20_linux_xen
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 12059 Aug 12 2021 30_os-prober
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1424 Aug 12 2021 30_uefi-firmware
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 700 Feb 21 2022 35_fwupd
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 214 Aug 12 2021 40_custom
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 216 Aug 12 2021 41_custom
Suggested repair: ______________________________________________________________
The default repair of the Boot-Repair utility would reinstall the grub-efi of
nvme0n1p4,
using the following options: nvme0n1p1/boot/efi
Additional repair would be performed: unhide-bootmenu-10s use-standard-efi-file restore-efi-backups
Final advice in case of suggested repair: ______________________________________
Please do not forget to make your UEFI firmware boot on the KDE neon User - 5.26 entry (nvme0n1p1/efi/****/grub****.efi (**** will be updated in the final message) file) !
If your computer reboots directly into Windows, try to change the boot order in your UEFI firmware.
If your UEFI firmware does not allow to change the boot order, change the default boot entry of the Windows bootloader.
For example you can boot into Windows, then type the following command in an admin command prompt:
bcdedit /set {bootmgr} path \EFI\****\grub****.efi (**** will be updated in the final message)
答案1
nvme0n1p1/efi/neon/grub.cfg和都nvme0n1p1/efi/ubuntu/grub.cfg引用具有 UUID 的文件系统466639e3-84e8-470b-84da-98a7ca9396f2，该文件系统似乎不再存在于系统上。至少这些 UUID 应该替换为有效的 UUID，因为它们在当前形式下是无用的。
Boot-Repair 打印输出中的输出efibootmgr -v表明 UEFI 引导选项Boot0004是当前活动的选项，也是第一个位于 中的选项BootOrder，它指的是\EFI\grub\shimx64.efi带有 PARTUUID 的分区f9f3fec7-bd7d-4ef5-afbf-633df4359ff0，即nvme0n1p1。
作为强力修复，您可以进行编辑nvme0n1p1/efi/grub/grub.cfg以或多或少匹配您发现的命令：
set prefix=(hd0,gpt1)/efi/grub
set root=(hd0,gpt4)
configfile $root/boot/grub/grub.cfg
# or maybe "insmod normal" and then "normal", just like you did...
或者您可以尝试此版本，以便对未来的配置更改更加宽容：
search.fs_uuid 02F8-E8D1 root # search for nvme0n1p1 by FS UUID
set prefix=($root)'/efi/grub' # sets the prefix using the root
search.fs_uuid b386cc7c-a076-48b9-bdf7-86fe3af5136c root # find nvme0n1p4 by FS UUID
# maybe "insmod normal" and then "normal" here, or...
configfile $root/boot/grub/grub.cfg
背景：最初在 EFI 系统分区的同一目录中shimx64.efi启动（在您的系统上为）。它首先在它本身所在的同一目录中读取一个 mini- ，这在现代 Debian 和衍生版本上使用（并且越来越多地在其他发行版上使用）来识别主目录在哪里。通常它位于根文件系统或专用文件系统上（如果根文件系统已加密或放置在 GRUB 无法读取的 LVM、RAID 或类似文件系统上）。grubx64.efinvme0n1p1grub.cfg/boot/grub/boot
但就您而言，您的 EFI 系统分区似乎包含一个/efi/grub似乎可用作 GRUB 前缀的目录（即从中加载更多 GRUB 模块的位置）。或者这可能是一个转移注意力的事情：考虑到您的设置包括shimx64.efi满足安全启动要求的所有必需的 GRUB 模块必须已经内置到主grubx64.efi二进制文件中，因为如果安全启动生效，GRUB 实际上将无法加载任何模块。
（安全启动固件将强制限制加载到内存中的任何内容都将被标记为不可执行，除非它来自有效签名的 Windows 样式 PE+ 二进制文件。GRUB 模块是 ELF 格式的二进制文件，而不是 PE+，因此它们不能但 maingrubx64.efi是一个 PE+ 文件，它可以在签名之前包含内置的 ELF 模块。）
/boot/grub/grub.cfg从根文件系统来看，包含引导菜单定义的实际“主”GRUB 配置位于nvme0n1p4.但是 GRUB 一次只能“查看”一个文件系统，并且该$root变量通常用于指定 GRUB 将访问的文件系统。