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持久 Arch Linux USB 安装仅可（自动）在 USB 2.0 端口上启动

tag-icon • tag-icon grub kernel-modules live-usb initramfs firmware
持久 Arch Linux USB 安装仅可（自动）在 USB 2.0 端口上启动

简写：

使用 USB 2.0 端口可以毫无问题地从 USB 设备引导 Arch Linux。无论使用 USB 2.0 还是 3.0，从另一个相同的 USB 设备进行的某些自定义持久 Windows 安装也可以毫无问题地启动。

使用 USB 3.0 引导 Arch Linux 安装只能通过将其放入 initramfs、手动拔出并重新插入设备、手动键入特定 UUID 的安装命令以及手动键入 Exit 来实现。

https://i.stack.imgur.com/32Gtp.jpg

长表：

我正在使用 NVMe -> USB 3.0 转换器外壳来创建一些非常快速的持久性 USB 可安装操作系统安装，到目前为止，我使用一些持久性 Windows 安装工具取得了巨大成功。我尝试通过 Arch Linux (Manjaro) 安装来实现同样的目标。

使用 USB 2.0 端口时，GRUB 会加载并自动启动到我的安装中，该安装本身启动时没有任何问题。然而，在 USB 3.0 端口上执行相同的操作，initramfs 无法再找到定义的 UUID grub.cfg。

ERROR: device `UUID=b6c7[...]` not found. Skipping fsck.
mount: /new_root can't find UUID=b6c7[...].
You are now being dropped into an emergency shell.

块设备完全缺失/dev（应显示为/dev/sdaX和/dev/disk/by-uuid/b6c7[...]）。

当我拔下并重新插入 USB 设备本身时（同时仍然在 initramfs shell 中），突然一切都正确安装（例如，设备和所有分区出现在 下/dev，$ blkid现在正确显示每个）并且我可以通过手动执行引导而没有任何问题

mount /dev/disk/by-uuid/[...] new_root  # OR: mount /dev/sda2 new_root
exit

这是我正在使用的设备（插入 USB 3.0 端口时）

$ lsusb -t
/:  Bus 04.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=xhci_hcd/4p, 10000M
    |__ [...]
    |__ Port 4: Dev 3, If 0, Class=Mass Storage, Driver=uas, 5000M
$ lsusb
[...]
Bus 004 Device 003: ID 152d:0583 JMicron Technology Corp. / JMicron USA Technology Corp. JMS583Gen 2 to PCIe Gen3x2 Bridge
$ lsblk
NAME  MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
sda     8:0    0 232,9G  0 disk 
├─sda1
│       8:1    0   300M  0 part /mnt/boot/efi
└─sda2
        8:2    0 232,6G  0 part /mnt
[...]
$ lsblk -o PATH,PTTYPE,PARTTYPE,FSTYPE,PARTTYPENAME,UUID
PATH           PTTYPE PARTTYPE                             FSTYPE PARTTYPENAME                 UUID
/dev/sda       gpt                                                                             
/dev/sda1      gpt    c12a7328-f81f-11d2-ba4b-00a0c93ec93b vfat   EFI System                   427C-611E
/dev/sda2      gpt    0fc63daf-8483-4772-8e79-3d69d8477de4 ext4   Linux filesystem             b6c724c4-8c0f-443c-b596-e909ef18da76
[...]

到目前为止我尝试过的：

  • 安装linux-firmware-qlogic并upd72020x-fw减少安装过程中的错误mkinitcpio
  • 强制加载uas usb_storage xhci_pci xhci_hcd模块/etc/mkinitcpio.conf
  • /etc/mkinitcpio.conf按照中所述重新排列 HOOKShttps://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Install_Arch_Linux_on_a_removable_medium（block和keyboard钩子前钩子autodetect）
  • 使用“后备”initramfs 启动（不应该autodetect启用并且每个模块都已内置，对吧？）

一切都没有成功。

直接被扔进 initramfs 后，至少有一些模块似乎已经被加载了

$ lsmod   
usbhid
xhci_pci
xhci_pci_renesas
uas
usb_storage
[...]

mkinitcpio:

$ cat /etc/mkinitcpio.conf
MODULES="uas usb_storage xhci_pci xhci_hcd"
[...]
HOOKS="base udev modconf block keyboard autodetect keymap consolefont plymouth filesystems fsck"
[...]
$ mkinitcpio -P
==> Building image from preset: /etc/mkinitcpio.d/linux61.preset: 'default'
  -> -k /boot/vmlinuz-6.1-x86_64 -c /etc/mkinitcpio.conf -g /boot/initramfs-6.1-x86_64.img --microcode /boot/amd-ucode.img --microcode /boot/intel-ucode.img
==> Starting build: '6.1.22-1-MANJARO'
  -> Running build hook: [base]
  -> Running build hook: [udev]
  -> Running build hook: [modconf]
  -> Running build hook: [block]
==> WARNING: Possibly missing firmware for module: 'wd719x'
==> WARNING: Possibly missing firmware for module: 'aic94xx'
  -> Running build hook: [keyboard]
  -> Running build hook: [autodetect]
  -> Running build hook: [keymap]
  -> Running build hook: [consolefont]
==> WARNING: consolefont: no font found in configuration
  -> Running build hook: [plymouth]
  -> Running build hook: [filesystems]
  -> Running build hook: [fsck]
==> Generating module dependencies
==> Creating gzip-compressed initcpio image: '/boot/initramfs-6.1-x86_64.img'
==> Image generation successful
==> Building image from preset: /etc/mkinitcpio.d/linux61.preset: 'fallback'
  -> -k /boot/vmlinuz-6.1-x86_64 -c /etc/mkinitcpio.conf -g /boot/initramfs-6.1-x86_64-fallback.img -S autodetect --microcode /boot/amd-ucode.img --microcode /boot/intel-ucode.img
==> Starting build: '6.1.22-1-MANJARO'
  -> Running build hook: [base]
  -> Running build hook: [udev]
  -> Running build hook: [modconf]
  -> Running build hook: [block]
==> WARNING: Possibly missing firmware for module: 'wd719x'
==> WARNING: Possibly missing firmware for module: 'aic94xx'
  -> Running build hook: [keyboard]
  -> Running build hook: [keymap]
  -> Running build hook: [consolefont]
==> WARNING: consolefont: no font found in configuration
  -> Running build hook: [plymouth]
  -> Running build hook: [filesystems]
  -> Running build hook: [fsck]
==> Generating module dependencies
==> Creating gzip-compressed initcpio image: '/boot/initramfs-6.1-x86_64-fallback.img'
==> Image generation successful
==> Building image from preset: /etc/mkinitcpio.d/linux62.preset: 'default'
  -> -k /boot/vmlinuz-6.2-x86_64 -c /etc/mkinitcpio.conf -g /boot/initramfs-6.2-x86_64.img --microcode /boot/amd-ucode.img --microcode /boot/intel-ucode.img
==> Starting build: '6.2.9-1-MANJARO'
  -> Running build hook: [base]
  -> Running build hook: [udev]
  -> Running build hook: [modconf]
  -> Running build hook: [block]
==> WARNING: Possibly missing firmware for module: 'wd719x'
==> WARNING: Possibly missing firmware for module: 'aic94xx'
  -> Running build hook: [keyboard]
  -> Running build hook: [autodetect]
  -> Running build hook: [keymap]
  -> Running build hook: [consolefont]
==> WARNING: consolefont: no font found in configuration
  -> Running build hook: [plymouth]
  -> Running build hook: [filesystems]
  -> Running build hook: [fsck]
==> Generating module dependencies
==> Creating gzip-compressed initcpio image: '/boot/initramfs-6.2-x86_64.img'
==> Image generation successful
==> Building image from preset: /etc/mkinitcpio.d/linux62.preset: 'fallback'
  -> -k /boot/vmlinuz-6.2-x86_64 -c /etc/mkinitcpio.conf -g /boot/initramfs-6.2-x86_64-fallback.img -S autodetect --microcode /boot/amd-ucode.img --microcode /boot/intel-ucode.img
==> Starting build: '6.2.9-1-MANJARO'
  -> Running build hook: [base]
  -> Running build hook: [udev]
  -> Running build hook: [modconf]
  -> Running build hook: [block]
==> WARNING: Possibly missing firmware for module: 'wd719x'
==> WARNING: Possibly missing firmware for module: 'aic94xx'
  -> Running build hook: [keyboard]
  -> Running build hook: [keymap]
  -> Running build hook: [consolefont]
==> WARNING: consolefont: no font found in configuration
  -> Running build hook: [plymouth]
  -> Running build hook: [filesystems]
  -> Running build hook: [fsck]
==> Generating module dependencies
==> Creating gzip-compressed initcpio image: '/boot/initramfs-6.2-x86_64-fallback.img'
==> Image generation successful

一些进一步的 initramfs 调查的图片：https://i.stack.imgur.com/32Gtp.jpg

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