我正在努力使用一个脚本来备份根文件夹中的配置文件，该脚本将文件复制到 myuser 目录中的文件夹内，复制原始路径结构，将文件添加到 git 存储库并提交更改。该脚本采用要备份的配置文件的路径作为参数：
BU.sh /etc/apt/sources.list
显然，程序的第一次运行在仅包含 README.md 的新克隆存储库上正常工作，但是在接下来的运行中，git 命令似乎没有任何效果。
脚本是这样的（添加了一些调试信息）：
#! /bin/bash
#
set -x -e -u
export GIT_DIR=/home/myuser/config-BU/.git
export GIT_WORK_TREE=/home/myuser/
#echo "file NOT in USER DIR, is NOT symlink";
ls -l config-BU
mkdir -p /home/myuser/config-BU/"${1%/*}";
ls -l config-BU
sudo install -o myuser -g myuser -m 660 "$1" "/home/myuser/config-BU$(realpath $1)";
ls -l config-BU
sudo -k;
git status
git ls-files
git add "/home/myuser/config-BU$(realpath $1)";
git ls-files
git commit -am "adding file inside BU autom: file NOT in user folder" -m "$(realpath $1)";
git log
两次运行该命令的结果是：
MYPROMPT>:~$ ./cp2bu2_badpart.sh /var/log/faillog
+ export GIT_DIR=/home/myuser/config-BU/.git
+ GIT_DIR=/home/myuser/config-BU/.git
+ export GIT_WORK_TREE=/home/myuser/
+ GIT_WORK_TREE=/home/myuser/
+ ls -l config-BU
total 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 myuser myuser 27 Jul 7 19:40 README.md
+ mkdir -p /home/myuser/config-BU//var/log
+ ls -l config-BU
total 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 myuser myuser 27 Jul 7 19:40 README.md
drwxr-xr-x 3 myuser myuser 4096 Jul 7 22:25 var
++ realpath /var/log/faillog
+ sudo install -o myuser -g myuser -m 660 /var/log/faillog /home/myuser/config-BU/var/log/faillog
[sudo] password for myuser:
+ ls -l config-BU
total 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 myuser myuser 27 Jul 7 19:40 README.md
drwxr-xr-x 3 myuser myuser 4096 Jul 7 22:25 var
+ sudo -k
+ git status
On branch main
Your branch is up to date with 'origin/main'.
Changes not staged for commit:
(use "git add/rm <file>..." to update what will be committed)
(use "git restore <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
deleted: README.md
Untracked files:
(use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
==LIST OF FILES IN MY HOME DIR==
no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
+ git ls-files
README.md
++ realpath /var/log/faillog
+ git add /home/myuser/config-BU/var/log/faillog
+ git ls-files
README.md
++ realpath /var/log/faillog
+ git commit -am 'adding file inside BU autom: file NOT in user folder' -m /var/log/faillog
[main 2487ec3] adding file inside BU autom: file NOT in user folder
1 file changed, 2 deletions(-)
delete mode 100644 README.md
+ git log
commit 2487ec3857d355313971f2a45ba7d318870bc219 (HEAD -> main)
Author: myuser <myemail>
Date: Fri Jul 7 22:26:41 2023 +0200
adding file inside BU autom: file NOT in user folder
/var/log/faillog
commit 84112df2c48137f247af78497e416182f0e0c24c (origin/main, origin/HEAD)
Author: Pippetta87 <[email protected]>
Date: Thu Oct 13 03:59:13 2022 +0200
Create README.md
MYPROMPT>:~$ ./cp2bu2_badpart.sh /etc/X11/rgb.txt
+ export GIT_DIR=/home/myuser/config-BU/.git
+ GIT_DIR=/home/myuser/config-BU/.git
+ export GIT_WORK_TREE=/home/myuser/
+ GIT_WORK_TREE=/home/myuser/
+ ls -l config-BU
total 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 myuser myuser 27 Jul 7 19:40 README.md
drwxr-xr-x 3 myuser myuser 4096 Jul 7 22:25 var
+ mkdir -p /home/myuser/config-BU//etc/X11
+ ls -l config-BU
total 12
-rw-r--r-- 1 myuser myuser 27 Jul 7 19:40 README.md
drwxr-xr-x 3 myuser myuser 4096 Jul 7 22:27 etc
drwxr-xr-x 3 myuser myuser 4096 Jul 7 22:25 var
++ realpath /etc/X11/rgb.txt
+ sudo install -o myuser -g myuser -m 660 /etc/X11/rgb.txt /home/myuser/config-BU/etc/X11/rgb.txt
[sudo] password for myuser:
+ ls -l config-BU
total 12
-rw-r--r-- 1 myuser myuser 27 Jul 7 19:40 README.md
drwxr-xr-x 3 myuser myuser 4096 Jul 7 22:27 etc
drwxr-xr-x 3 myuser myuser 4096 Jul 7 22:25 var
+ sudo -k
+ git status
On branch main
Your branch is ahead of 'origin/main' by 1 commit.
(use "git push" to publish your local commits)
Untracked files:
(use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
==LIST OF FILES IN MY HOME DIR==
nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)
+ git ls-files
++ realpath /etc/X11/rgb.txt
+ git add /home/myuser/config-BU/etc/X11/rgb.txt
+ git ls-files
++ realpath /etc/X11/rgb.txt
+ git commit -am 'adding file inside BU autom: file NOT in user folder' -m /etc/X11/rgb.txt
On branch main
Your branch is ahead of 'origin/main' by 1 commit.
(use "git push" to publish your local commits)
Untracked files:
(use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
==LIST OF FILES IN MY HOME DIR==
nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)
正如您所看到的，第二次运行不会将文件添加到 git 存储库，并且最后一个 git 日志不会执行：之后的 git 命令git status似乎被忽略。
此致
答案1
你可以这样开始你的脚本：
export GIT_DIR=/home/myuser/config-BU/.git
export GIT_WORK_TREE=/home/myuser/
你的工作目录实际上应该是/home/myuser/config-BU.
这就是为什么当你运行时git status你会看到：
Changes not staged for commit:
(use "git add/rm <file>..." to update what will be committed)
(use "git restore <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
deleted: README.md
README.md它在您的GIT_WORK_TREE( ) 中找不到/home/myuser/README.md，因此认为该文件已被删除。
然后，当您提交更改时，您会再次看到它README.md从索引中删除：
git commit -am 'adding file inside BU autom: file NOT in user folder' -m /var/log/faillog
[main 2487ec3] adding file inside BU autom: file NOT in user folder
1 file changed, 2 deletions(-)
delete mode 100644 README.md