过去几天我在带有 USB 的 Debian 12 系统（内核 6.1 - 还没有尝试过 6.6）中遇到过几次这个问题（但前几周没有，而且除了软件包更新之外我没有更改任何内容） -C 1TB 固态硬盘。在某个随机时刻，如果没有任何特殊活动（例如仅浏览网页），磁盘将无法访问input/output error文件。我在日志中看到 USB 断开连接，但有很多不同的错误，我不知道要搜索什么。我尝试重新安装它作为解决方法，但它说该设备是只读的。
SSD 和笔记本电脑都是全新的。它有一个使用整个磁盘的 LUKS ext4 分区（我猜加密会让事情变得更糟）。
此错误行是否意味着磁盘的部分扇区有缺陷？
Dec 22 17:54:49 d12asus kernel: usb 2-1: USB disconnect, device number 2
Dec 22 17:54:49 d12asus kernel: xhci_hcd 0000:00:0d.0: WARN Set TR Deq Ptr cmd failed due to incorrect slot or ep state.
Dec 22 17:54:49 d12asus kernel: usb 2-1: cmd cmplt err -108
Dec 22 17:54:49 d12asus kernel: sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#5 uas_zap_pending 0 uas-tag 1 inflight: CMD
Dec 22 17:54:49 d12asus kernel: sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#5 CDB: Write(10) 2a 00 17 de fe e8 00 00 28 00
Dec 22 17:54:49 d12asus kernel: sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#5 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_NO_CONNECT driverbyte=DRIVER_OK cmd_age=0s
Dec 22 17:54:49 d12asus kernel: sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] tag#5 CDB: Write(10) 2a 00 17 de fe e8 00 00 28 00
Dec 22 17:54:49 d12asus kernel: I/O error, dev sda, sector 400490216 op 0x1:(WRITE) flags 0x800 phys_seg 5 prio class 2
Dec 22 17:54:49 d12asus kernel: EXT4-fs warning (device dm-0): ext4_end_bio:343: I/O error 10 writing to inode 17826766 starting block 50024157)
Dec 22 17:54:49 d12asus kernel: Buffer I/O error on device dm-0, logical block 50024157
Dec 22 17:54:49 d12asus kernel: EXT4-fs warning (device dm-0): ext4_end_bio:343: I/O error 10 writing to inode 17826766 starting block 50024158)
Dec 22 17:54:49 d12asus kernel: device offline error, dev sda, sector 192653328 op 0x1:(WRITE) flags 0x0 phys_seg 3 prio class 2
Dec 22 17:54:49 d12asus kernel: EXT4-fs warning (device dm-0): ext4_end_bio:343: I/O error 17 writing to inode 17463405 starting block 24044546)
Dec 22 17:54:49 d12asus kernel: Buffer I/O error on device dm-0, logical block 24044546
Dec 22 17:54:49 d12asus kernel: Buffer I/O error on device dm-0, logical block 24044547
Dec 22 17:54:49 d12asus kernel: Buffer I/O error on device dm-0, logical block 24044548
Dec 22 17:54:49 d12asus kernel: device offline error, dev sda, sector 192653392 op 0x1:(WRITE) flags 0x0 phys_seg 1 prio class 2
Dec 22 17:54:49 d12asus kernel: EXT4-fs warning (device dm-0): ext4_end_bio:343: I/O error 17 writing to inode 17463405 starting block 24044554)
Dec 22 17:54:49 d12asus kernel: Buffer I/O error on device dm-0, logical block 24044554
Dec 22 17:54:49 d12asus kernel: device offline error, dev sda, sector 192653408 op 0x1:(WRITE) flags 0x0 phys_seg 1 prio class 2
Dec 22 17:54:49 d12asus kernel: EXT4-fs warning (device dm-0): ext4_end_bio:343: I/O error 17 writing to inode 17463405 starting block 24044556)
Dec 22 17:54:49 d12asus kernel: Buffer I/O error on device dm-0, logical block 24044556
Dec 22 17:54:49 d12asus kernel: device offline error, dev sda, sector 192653472 op 0x1:(WRITE) flags 0x0 phys_seg 4 prio class 2
Dec 22 17:54:49 d12asus kernel: EXT4-fs warning (device dm-0): ext4_end_bio:343: I/O error 17 writing to inode 17463405 starting block 24044564)
Dec 22 17:54:49 d12asus kernel: Buffer I/O error on device dm-0, logical block 24044564
Dec 22 17:54:49 d12asus kernel: Buffer I/O error on device dm-0, logical block 24044565
Dec 22 17:54:49 d12asus kernel: Buffer I/O error on device dm-0, logical block 24044566
Dec 22 17:54:49 d12asus kernel: Buffer I/O error on device dm-0, logical block 24044567
Dec 22 17:54:49 d12asus kernel: device offline error, dev sda, sector 192653512 op 0x1:(WRITE) flags 0x0 phys_seg 1 prio class 2
Dec 22 17:54:49 d12asus kernel: EXT4-fs warning (device dm-0): ext4_end_bio:343: I/O error 17 writing to inode 17463405 starting block 24044569)
Dec 22 17:54:49 d12asus kernel: device offline error, dev sda, sector 192653528 op 0x1:(WRITE) flags 0x0 phys_seg 2 prio class 2
Dec 22 17:54:49 d12asus kernel: EXT4-fs warning (device dm-0): ext4_end_bio:343: I/O error 17 writing to inode 17463405 starting block 24044571)
Dec 22 17:54:49 d12asus kernel: device offline error, dev sda, sector 192653728 op 0x1:(WRITE) flags 0x0 phys_seg 1 prio class 2
Dec 22 17:54:49 d12asus kernel: EXT4-fs warning (device dm-0): ext4_end_bio:343: I/O error 17 writing to inode 17463405 starting block 24044596)
Dec 22 17:54:49 d12asus kernel: device offline error, dev sda, sector 192657040 op 0x1:(WRITE) flags 0x0 phys_seg 1 prio class 2
Dec 22 17:54:49 d12asus kernel: EXT4-fs warning (device dm-0): ext4_end_bio:343: I/O error 17 writing to inode 17463405 starting block 24045010)
Dec 22 17:54:49 d12asus kernel: device offline error, dev sda, sector 192657064 op 0x1:(WRITE) flags 0x0 phys_seg 2 prio class 2
Dec 22 17:54:49 d12asus kernel: Buffer I/O error on dev dm-0, logical block 0, lost async page write
Dec 22 17:54:49 d12asus kernel: Buffer I/O error on dev dm-0, logical block 10, lost async page write
Dec 22 17:54:49 d12asus kernel: Buffer I/O error on dev dm-0, logical block 12, lost async page write
Dec 22 17:54:49 d12asus kernel: Buffer I/O error on dev dm-0, logical block 26, lost async page write
Dec 22 17:54:49 d12asus kernel: Buffer I/O error on dev dm-0, logical block 27, lost async page write
Dec 22 17:54:49 d12asus kernel: Buffer I/O error on dev dm-0, logical block 28, lost async page write
Dec 22 17:54:49 d12asus kernel: Buffer I/O error on dev dm-0, logical block 35, lost async page write
Dec 22 17:54:49 d12asus kernel: Buffer I/O error on dev dm-0, logical block 47, lost async page write
Dec 22 17:54:49 d12asus kernel: Buffer I/O error on dev dm-0, logical block 56, lost async page write
Dec 22 17:54:49 d12asus kernel: Buffer I/O error on dev dm-0, logical block 61, lost async page write
Dec 22 17:54:49 d12asus kernel: EXT4-fs error (device dm-0): ext4_check_bdev_write_error:217: comm kworker/u24:6: Error while async write back metadata
Dec 22 17:54:49 d12asus kernel: EXT4-fs (dm-0): previous I/O error to superblock detected
Dec 22 17:54:49 d12asus kernel: EXT4-fs error (device dm-0): ext4_check_bdev_write_error:217: comm kworker/u24:4: Error while async write back metadata
Dec 22 17:54:49 d12asus kernel: EXT4-fs error (device dm-0): ext4_check_bdev_write_error:217: comm kworker/u24:4: Error while async write back metadata
Dec 22 17:54:49 d12asus kernel: EXT4-fs error (device dm-0): ext4_check_bdev_write_error:217: comm kworker/u24:3: Error while async write back metadata
Dec 22 17:54:49 d12asus kernel: EXT4-fs error (device dm-0): ext4_check_bdev_write_error:217: comm kworker/u24:3: Error while async write back metadata
Dec 22 17:54:49 d12asus kernel: EXT4-fs error (device dm-0): ext4_check_bdev_write_error:217: comm kworker/u24:0: Error while async write back metadata
Dec 22 17:54:49 d12asus kernel: EXT4-fs error (device dm-0): ext4_check_bdev_write_error:217: comm kworker/u24:0: Error while async write back metadata
Dec 22 17:54:49 d12asus kernel: EXT4-fs error (device dm-0): ext4_check_bdev_write_error:217: comm kworker/u24:0: Error while async write back metadata
Dec 22 17:54:49 d12asus kernel: EXT4-fs error (device dm-0): ext4_check_bdev_write_error:217: comm kworker/u24:0: Error while async write back metadata
Dec 22 17:54:49 d12asus systemd[1]: Stopped target cryptsetup.target - Local Encrypted Volumes.
Dec 22 17:54:49 d12asus systemd[1]: Stopped target local-fs.target - Local File Systems.
Dec 22 17:54:49 d12asus systemd[1]: Unmounting boot-efi.mount - /boot/efi...
我尝试过但没有运气的事情：
- 以相反的方式插入 USB-C
badblocks从实时 Linux 系统只读显示没有错误- 我不想进行读写，
badblocks但我尝试填满整个磁盘，看看在有缺陷的扇区或文件上写入是否存在问题，但也没有错误 smartctl无法读取 Linux 或 Windows 上的 SMART 信息，但 CrystalDiskInfo 说磁盘一切正常- 它
remount-ro在 fstab 中有选项，我删除了它，但无论如何它都会重新安装为只读 - 更新所有包
apt - 使用 UUID 代替设备名称
- 我无法在 Windows 上安装它，但即使在同一台笔记本电脑上几个小时后，设备本身也没有 USB 断开连接
我得到的磁盘是否有坏扇区？
即使有这个问题，发生这种情况时我可以将其重新挂载回读写状态吗？
编辑：
将发行版的 v6.1 内核更改为 linux-xanmod-x64v4 v6.6 后，问题似乎消失了
答案1
这两种解决方案似乎工作正常，尽管不可能可靠地重现问题：
- 使用 USB 存储的怪癖，如下所示如何让我的 Seagate 2Tb USB 硬盘在 Linux 中工作？或者Odroid XU4：在 USB 3.0 上运行 10 分钟后硬盘就死掉了
- 将发行版的 v6.1 内核更改为 linux-xanmod-x64v4 v6.6（发行版的 v6.6 内核也应该可以正常工作）