我使用网络安装程序安装了 Debian 12，我使用以太网来执行此操作（这可能就是我没有注意到问题的原因），但现在我无法使用 wifi。 Gnome 控制中心显示 *未找到 Wi-Fi 适配器：请插入并打开 Wi-Fi 适配器”。
内核版本：内核：6.1.0-16-amd64
已安装的软件包：
- 固件-linux 20230210-5
- 固件-linux-free 20200122-1
- 固件-iwlwifi 20230210-5
- 英特尔微码 3.20231114.1~deb12u1
的输出lspci是：
00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 10th Gen Core Processor Host Bridge/DRAM Registers (rev 02)
00:01.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6th-10th Gen Core Processor PCIe Controller (x16) (rev 02)
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation CometLake-H GT2 [UHD Graphics] (rev 05)
00:04.0 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200 v5/E3-1500 v5/6th Gen Core Processor Thermal Subsystem (rev 02)
00:08.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200 v5/v6 / E3-1500 v5 / 6th/7th/8th Gen Core Processor Gaussian Mixture Model
00:12.0 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation Comet Lake PCH Thermal Controller
00:14.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Comet Lake USB 3.1 xHCI Host Controller
00:14.2 RAM memory: Intel Corporation Comet Lake PCH Shared SRAM
00:14.3 Network controller: Intel Corporation Comet Lake PCH CNVi WiFi
00:15.0 Serial bus controller: Intel Corporation Comet Lake PCH Serial IO I2C Controller #0
00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation Comet Lake HECI Controller
00:17.0 SATA controller: Intel Corporation Device 06d3
00:1b.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Comet Lake PCI Express Root Port #21 (rev f0)
00:1d.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Comet Lake PCI Express Root Port #9 (rev f0)
00:1d.6 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Device 06b6 (rev f0)
00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation Comet Lake LPC Controller
00:1f.3 Audio device: Intel Corporation Comet Lake PCH cAVS
00:1f.4 SMBus: Intel Corporation Comet Lake PCH SMBus Controller
00:1f.5 Serial bus controller: Intel Corporation Comet Lake PCH SPI Controller
01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation TU117M [GeForce GTX 1650 Ti Mobile] (rev a1)
01:00.1 Audio device: NVIDIA Corporation Device 10fa (rev a1)
02:00.0 Non-Volatile memory controller: Sandisk Corp WD Black SN750 / PC SN730 NVMe SSD
03:00.0 Non-Volatile memory controller: Sandisk Corp WD Blue SN550 NVMe SSD (rev 01)
04:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller (rev 15)
的输出为lsmod | grep iwl：
iwlmvm 385024 0
mac80211 1175552 1 iwlmvm
iwlwifi 360448 1 iwlmvm
cfg80211 1142784 3 iwlmvm,iwlwifi,mac80211
rfkill 36864 7 iwlmvm,asus_wmi,bluetooth,cfg80211
输出sudo dmesg | grep iwl显示了一堆东西，如果你们愿意，我可以显示完整的输出，我会尝试只包含相关的东西：
[ 21.070847] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: enabling device (0000 -> 0002)
[ 21.080175] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: firmware: direct-loading firmware iwlwifi-QuZ-a0-hr-b0-72.ucode
[ 21.080185] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: api flags index 2 larger than supported by driver
[ 21.080191] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: TLV_FW_FSEQ_VERSION: FSEQ Version: 89.3.35.37
[ 21.080425] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: loaded firmware version 72.daa05125.0 QuZ-a0-hr-b0-72.ucode op_mode iwlmvm
[ 21.194199] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: Detected Intel(R) Wi-Fi 6 AX201 160MHz, REV=0x351
[ 22.224784] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: SecBoot CPU1 Status: 0x5675, CPU2 Status: 0x3
[ 22.224822] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: WFPM_LMAC1_PD_NOTIFICATION: 0x0
[ 22.225386] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: HPM_SECONDARY_DEVICE_STATE: 0x42
[ 22.225951] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: WFPM_MAC_OTP_CFG7_ADDR: 0x0
[ 22.226511] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: WFPM_MAC_OTP_CFG7_DATA: 0x0
[ 22.227064] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: UMAC PC: 0xc0081558
[ 22.227602] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: LMAC PC: 0x14f8c
[ 22.228132] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: Collecting data: trigger 15 fired.
[ 22.229241] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: Loaded firmware version: 72.daa05125.0 QuZ-a0-hr-b0-72.ucode
[ 22.229778] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: 0x00000000 | ADVANCED_SYSASSERT
[ 22.230294] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: 0x00000000 | trm_hw_status0
.
.
.
[ 22.243549] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: 0x00000000 | timestamp
[ 22.243879] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: 0x00000000 | flow_handler
[ 22.244250] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: Start IWL Error Log Dump:
[ 22.244567] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: Transport status: 0x00000042, valid: 7
[ 22.244934] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: 0x20000066 | NMI_INTERRUPT_HOST
[ 22.245323] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: 0x00000000 | umac branchlink1
[ 22.245687] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: 0x80455E9C | umac branchlink2
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.
.
[ 22.249205] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: 0x00000004 | isr status reg
[ 22.249551] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: IML/ROM dump:
[ 22.249879] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: 0x00000003 | IML/ROM error/state
[ 22.250226] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: 0x00005675 | IML/ROM data1
[ 22.250540] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: 0x00000080 | IML/ROM WFPM_AUTH_KEY_0
[ 22.250827] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: Fseq Registers:
[ 22.251114] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: 0x20000021 | FSEQ_ERROR_CODE
[ 22.251404] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: 0x80290033 | FSEQ_TOP_INIT_VERSION
.
.
.
[ 22.254116] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: 0x05B0905B | CNVR_SCU_SD_REGS_SD_REG_DIG_DCDC_VTRIM
[ 22.254446] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: 0x0000025B | CNVR_SCU_SD_REGS_SD_REG_ACTIVE_VDIG_MIRROR
[ 22.254727] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: Failed to start RT ucode: -110
[ 22.254993] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: Collecting data: trigger 16 fired.
[ 23.492898] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: Failed to run INIT ucode: -110
[ 23.504797] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: retry init count 0
[ 23.509449] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: Detected Intel(R) Wi-Fi 6 AX201 160MHz, REV=0x351
[ 24.529089] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: SecBoot CPU1 Status: 0x562a, CPU2 Status: 0x3
[ 24.530217] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: WFPM_LMAC1_PD_NOTIFICATION: 0x0
[ 24.531217] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: HPM_SECONDARY_DEVICE_STATE: 0x42
[ 24.532224] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: WFPM_MAC_OTP_CFG7_ADDR: 0x0
[ 24.533250] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: WFPM_MAC_OTP_CFG7_DATA: 0x0
[ 24.534147] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: UMAC PC: 0xc008151e
[ 24.534480] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: LMAC PC: 0x14f8c
[ 24.534777] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: Collecting data: trigger 15 fired.
[ 24.535891] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: Loaded firmware version: 72.daa05125.0 QuZ-a0-hr-b0-72.ucode
[ 24.536150] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: 0x00000000 | ADVANCED_SYSASSERT
[ 24.536411] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: 0x00000000 | trm_hw_status0
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.
.
[ 24.544753] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: 0x00000000 | timestamp
[ 24.545086] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: 0x00000000 | flow_handler
[ 24.545421] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: Start IWL Error Log Dump:
[ 24.545707] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: Transport status: 0x00000042, valid: 7
[ 24.546008] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: 0x20000066 | NMI_INTERRUPT_HOST
[ 24.546251] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: 0x00000000 | umac branchlink1
[ 24.546492] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: 0x80455E9C | umac branchlink2
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.
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[ 24.553263] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: 0x05B0905B | CNVR_SCU_SD_REGS_SD_REG_DIG_DCDC_VTRIM
[ 24.553523] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: 0x0000025B | CNVR_SCU_SD_REGS_SD_REG_ACTIVE_VDIG_MIRROR
[ 24.553776] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: Failed to start RT ucode: -110
[ 24.554026] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: Collecting data: trigger 16 fired.
[ 25.766399] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: Failed to run INIT ucode: -110
[ 25.779620] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: retry init count 1
[ 25.786114] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: Detected Intel(R) Wi-Fi 6 AX201 160MHz, REV=0x351
[ 27.025073] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: SecBoot CPU1 Status: 0x60e8, CPU2 Status: 0x3
[ 27.025938] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: WFPM_LMAC1_PD_NOTIFICATION: 0x0
[ 27.026775] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: HPM_SECONDARY_DEVICE_STATE: 0x42
[ 27.027621] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: WFPM_MAC_OTP_CFG7_ADDR: 0x0
[ 27.028474] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: WFPM_MAC_OTP_CFG7_DATA: 0x0
[ 27.029342] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: UMAC PC: 0xc00839a2
[ 27.030204] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: LMAC PC: 0x14f8c
[ 27.030484] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: Collecting data: trigger 15 fired.
[ 27.031599] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: Loaded firmware version: 72.daa05125.0 QuZ-a0-hr-b0-72.ucode
[ 27.031829] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: 0x00000000 | ADVANCED_SYSASSERT
[ 27.032061] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: 0x00000000 | trm_hw_status0
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.
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[ 27.039690] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: 0x00000000 | timestamp
[ 27.039906] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: 0x00000000 | flow_handler
[ 27.040168] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: Start IWL Error Log Dump:
[ 27.040383] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: Transport status: 0x00000042, valid: 7
[ 27.040601] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: 0x20000066 | NMI_INTERRUPT_HOST
[ 27.040883] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: 0x00000000 | umac branchlink1
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[ 27.047332] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: 0x20000302 | CNVI_AUX_MISC_CHIP
[ 27.047555] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: 0x01300504 | CNVR_AUX_MISC_CHIP
[ 27.047776] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: 0x05B0905B | CNVR_SCU_SD_REGS_SD_REG_DIG_DCDC_VTRIM
[ 27.047997] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: 0x0000025B | CNVR_SCU_SD_REGS_SD_REG_ACTIVE_VDIG_MIRROR
[ 27.048235] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: Failed to start RT ucode: -110
[ 27.048447] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: Collecting data: trigger 16 fired.
[ 28.257165] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: Failed to run INIT ucode: -110
[ 28.270905] iwlwifi 0000:00:14.3: retry init count 2
输出来自lspci -kkn | grep Net -A3
00:14.3 Network controller [0280]: Intel Corporation Comet Lake PCH CNVi WiFi [8086:06f0]
DeviceName: Onboard - Ethernet
Subsystem: Intel Corporation Wi-Fi 6 AX201 160MHz [8086:0074]
Kernel driver in use: iwlwifi
我尝试使用 nmcli 和 iwctl 连接 nmcli
nmcli dev wifi connect <SSID> password <password>
但返回：错误：找不到 Wi-Fi 设备
iwctl 设备列表显示一个空表。
输出来自sudo iwconfig
lo no wireless extensions.
enp4s0 no wireless extensions.
我已经重新启动了以下服务
NetworkManager
networking
iwd
wpa_supplicant
重新安装后，firmware-wifi这是输出ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: enp4s0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 3c:7c:3f:5b:6c:1c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
5: wlan0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 76:51:7c:eb:56:0f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff permaddr 78:2b:46:92:4d:0c
的内容/etc/network/interfaces是：
# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).
source /etc/network/interfaces.d/*
# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
的内容/etc/NetworkManger/NetworkManager.conf；
[main]
plugins=ifupdown,keyfile
[ifupdown]
managed=false
的内容/etc/apt/sources.list
# deb cdrom:[Debian GNU/Linux 12.4.0 _Bookworm_ - Official amd64 DVD Binary-1 with firmware 20231210-17:57]/ bookworm main non-free-firmware
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm main non-free-firmware
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm main non-free-firmware
deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security main non-free-firmware
deb-src http://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security main non-free-firmware
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free-firmware
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free-firmware
是的，我已经重启过多次了。
我用 Fedora 刷了一个 live iso，其中 wifi 工作得很好（无线）。这是我在重新安装所有内容之前最后一次尝试寻找解决方案。令我困扰的是我一直无法解决这个问题。
感谢任何帮助，提前致谢
可能的解决方案
我重新安装了系统，但仍然遇到同样的问题，我用不同的安装方法（实时映像、网络安装和 CD 映像）重复了多次，所有方法都使用有线连接。他们之间的共同点是我总是安装 gnome。
在我最后一次尝试中，我安装了没有 gnome 的系统。我通过 cli 连接到网络（没有桌面环境）。一切似乎都运转良好。我继续安装 sway，效果很好，我能够 ssh 到我的远程计算机并获取我的配置文件。使用 sway 时，我喜欢使用 gnome-control-settings 来管理 wifi（这在 Debian 11 上运行良好）。当我从 sway 中启动控制中心时，我注意到它没有显示任何可用的网络，它无法识别 wifi 或以太网。然而，无线网络工作得很好。
浏览了几个文件后，我注意到 的差异/etc/network/interfaces，现在显示
# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).
source /etc/network/interfaces.d/*
# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
# The primary network interface
allow-hotplug wlo1
iface wlo1 inet dhcp
wpa-ssid <MyNetworkName>
wpa-psk <MyWifiPassword123>
它包含额外的接口信息。参考后这个链接，我改为/etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf显示
[main]
plugins=ifupdown,keyfile
[ifupdown]
managed=true
[device]
wifi.backend=wpa_supplicant
[logging]
level=INFO
安装并启动 iwd 服务后，我打开 gnome-control-settings，填充了 wifi 网络，但是当我单击我的时，其名称旁边显示齿轮，但它无法连接（没有提示我输入密码）。我选择了它，进入安全选项卡，注意到密码字段是空的，我填写了它，单击应用，然后 wifi 开始工作（这是来自 withing sway）。我觉得这很奇怪，所以我使用 gnome 桌面环境登录，当我单击不同的网络（我的手机热点）时，它现在提示我输入密码，并且连接正常。我的猜测是 gnome-keyring 没有为我的 sway 会话激活。
简而言之，我的建议是
确保一次仅运行一个网络管理程序
并且
确保您的环境正在运行正确的密钥环。
我知道在 Debian 上调试网络问题是一场噩梦，所以我希望这对某人有帮助。
答案1
我使用内核 6.1.0-12-amd64 解决了同样的问题。几个月后，我再也没有遇到过这个问题。