今天我的 NAS 离线了。我什至无法启动。我已经提取了操作系统驱动器（Debian Bookworm）并通过适配器将其插入我的笔记本电脑。我安装失败，错误如下： 未知的文件系统类型“LVM2_member”
我怀疑文件系统不知何故损坏了（几天前停电了）或者 SSD 快要死了（不到 3 年）。我想了解出了什么问题，并在可能的情况下修复它。以下是结果消息（插入后即可），lv显示,光伏显示,山,磁盘驱动器和LSBLK。
我认为有一个坏块需要将其列入黑名单/替换，但在调查硬件问题时我超出了我的深度。不确定安装结果如何（见下文）
neela@hooban:~$ sudo dmesg -w
[ 6789.320784] usb 1-1: new high-speed USB device number 17 using xhci_hcd
[ 6789.469625] usb 1-1: New USB device found, idVendor=2537, idProduct=1066, bcdDevice= 1.00
[ 6789.469631] usb 1-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3
[ 6789.469635] usb 1-1: Product: NS1066
[ 6789.469638] usb 1-1: Manufacturer: Norelsys
[ 6789.469641] usb 1-1: SerialNumber: 0123456789ABCDE
[ 6789.470794] usb-storage 1-1:1.0: USB Mass Storage device detected
[ 6789.471301] scsi host4: usb-storage 1-1:1.0
[ 6792.042555] scsi 4:0:0:0: Direct-Access NORELSYS 106X 00WR PQ: 0 ANSI: 6
[ 6792.043245] sd 4:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg3 type 0
[ 6792.043547] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdd] 1953525168 512-byte logical blocks: (1.00 TB/932 GiB)
[ 6792.043784] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdd] Write Protect is off
[ 6792.043791] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdd] Mode Sense: 43 00 00 00
[ 6792.044016] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdd] Write cache: disabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA
[ 6792.071052] sdd: sdd1 sdd2 sdd3
[ 6792.091541] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdd] Attached SCSI disk
[ 6792.496074] EXT4-fs (sdd2): mounting ext2 file system using the ext4 subsystem
[ 6792.498069] EXT4-fs (sdd2): warning: mounting unchecked fs, running e2fsck is recommended
[ 6792.498359] EXT4-fs (sdd2): mounted filesystem without journal. Opts: (null)
[ 6792.498364] ext2 filesystem being mounted at /media/neela/ffc11704-3b1b-4e02-8b8a-65937fc1e930 supports timestamps until 2038 (0x7fffffff)
[ 6792.542711] Buffer I/O error on dev dm-7, logical block 0, async page read
[ 6792.542721] Buffer I/O error on dev dm-7, logical block 0, async page read
[ 6792.542831] Buffer I/O error on dev dm-7, logical block 0, async page read
[ 6792.542838] Buffer I/O error on dev dm-7, logical block 0, async page read
[ 6792.548115] Buffer I/O error on dev dm-5, logical block 0, async page read
[ 6792.548132] Buffer I/O error on dev dm-5, logical block 0, async page read
[ 6792.548229] Buffer I/O error on dev dm-5, logical block 0, async page read
[ 6792.548236] Buffer I/O error on dev dm-5, logical block 0, async page read
[ 6817.907631] pcieport 0000:00:1c.0: AER: Corrected error received: 0000:00:1c.0
neela@hooban:~$ sudo cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/sdd3 NAS_crypt
Enter passphrase for /dev/sdd3:
neela@hooban:~$ sudo cryptsetup isLuks /dev/sdd3 -v
Command successful.
neela@hooban:~$ sudo lvdisplay
WARNING: Device mismatch detected for emporium-vg/root which is accessing /dev/mapper/luks-70895566-5131-4b7b-9cab-a36b9d568c28 instead of /dev/mapper/NAS_crypt.
WARNING: Device mismatch detected for emporium-vg/swap_1 which is accessing /dev/mapper/luks-70895566-5131-4b7b-9cab-a36b9d568c28 instead of /dev/mapper/NAS_crypt.
WARNING: Device mismatch detected for emporium-vg/home which is accessing /dev/mapper/luks-70895566-5131-4b7b-9cab-a36b9d568c28 instead of /dev/mapper/NAS_crypt.
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/emporium-vg/root
LV Name root
VG Name emporium-vg
LV UUID paF4f7-0roi-dXJx-Jjhq-QTVw-QPOT-exsdP2
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time emporium, 2021-11-21 18:00:01 +0000
LV Status available
# open 0
LV Size <27.94 GiB
Current LE 7152
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:5
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/emporium-vg/swap_1
LV Name swap_1
VG Name emporium-vg
LV UUID uJMS6C-0vW2-akFp-hn65-j5Hu-IuqY-MBnH06
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time emporium, 2021-11-21 18:00:01 +0000
LV Status available
# open 0
LV Size 976.00 MiB
Current LE 244
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:6
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/emporium-vg/home
LV Name home
VG Name emporium-vg
LV UUID 4nXaef-8rkL-VTan-Btvf-PEN6-Y1jY-S5iKj3
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time emporium, 2021-11-21 18:00:01 +0000
LV Status available
# open 0
LV Size 901.62 GiB
Current LE 230816
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:7
neela@hooban:~$ sudo pvdisplay
WARNING: Device mismatch detected for emporium-vg/root which is accessing /dev/mapper/luks-70895566-5131-4b7b-9cab-a36b9d568c28 instead of /dev/mapper/NAS_crypt.
WARNING: Device mismatch detected for emporium-vg/swap_1 which is accessing /dev/mapper/luks-70895566-5131-4b7b-9cab-a36b9d568c28 instead of /dev/mapper/NAS_crypt.
WARNING: Device mismatch detected for emporium-vg/home which is accessing /dev/mapper/luks-70895566-5131-4b7b-9cab-a36b9d568c28 instead of /dev/mapper/NAS_crypt.
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/mapper/NAS_crypt
VG Name emporium-vg
PV Size <930.52 GiB / not usable 4.00 MiB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 238212
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 238212
PV UUID Cr1nHl-B8mA-9ckn-Hq7M-NIDQ-XXJF-YN1GhM
neela@hooban:~$ sudo mount -o ro,noload /dev/emporium-vg/root /media/neela/emporium/
mount: /media/neela/emporium: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/mapper/emporium--vg-root, missing codepage or helper program, or other error.
neela@hooban:~$ sudo mount /dev/mapper/NAS_crypt /media/neela/emporium/
mount: /media/neela/emporium: unknown filesystem type 'LVM2_member'.
neela@hooban:~$ sudo mount /dev/emporium-vg/root /media/neela/emporium/
mount: /media/neela/emporium: can't read superblock on /dev/mapper/emporium--vg-root.
neela@hooban:~$ sudo lsblk -l | grep -v loop
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 1.8T 0 disk
sdb 8:16 0 119.2G 0 disk
sdb1 8:17 0 512M 0 part /boot/efi
sdb2 8:18 0 732M 0 part /boot
sdb3 8:19 0 118G 0 part
sdd 8:48 0 931.5G 0 disk
sdd1 8:49 0 512M 0 part
sdd2 8:50 0 488M 0 part /media/neela/ffc11704-3b1b-4e02-8b8a-65937fc1e930
sdd3 8:51 0 930.5G 0 part
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
sdb3_crypt 253:0 0 118G 0 crypt
ubuntu--vg-root 253:1 0 117G 0 lvm /
ubuntu--vg-swap_1 253:2 0 976M 0 lvm [SWAP]
data 253:3 0 1.8T 0 crypt /media/data
NAS_crypt 253:8 0 930.5G 0 crypt
neela@hooban:~$ sudo fdisk -l /dev/sdd
Disk /dev/sdd: 931.53 GiB, 1000204886016 bytes, 1953525168 sectors
Disk model: 106X
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 41D2987D-9BEE-4EE3-B6D7-A21CBFCF9143
Device Start End Sectors Size Type
/dev/sdd1 2048 1050623 1048576 512M EFI System
/dev/sdd2 1050624 2050047 999424 488M Linux filesystem
/dev/sdd3 2050048 1953523711 1951473664 930.5G Linux filesystem
======编辑=====
运行 fsck 没有帮助（设备字母在重新启动之间发生了变化）
neela@hooban:~$ sudo fsck /dev/sdc
fsck from util-linux 2.34
e2fsck 1.45.5 (07-Jan-2020)
ext2fs_open2: Bad magic number in super-block
fsck.ext2: Superblock invalid, trying backup blocks...
fsck.ext2: Bad magic number in super-block while trying to open /dev/sdc
The superblock could not be read or does not describe a valid ext2/ext3/ext4
filesystem. If the device is valid and it really contains an ext2/ext3/ext4
filesystem (and not swap or ufs or something else), then the superblock
is corrupt, and you might try running e2fsck with an alternate superblock:
e2fsck -b 8193 <device>
or
e2fsck -b 32768 <device>
Found a gpt partition table in /dev/sdc
neela@hooban:~$ sudo mke2fs -n /dev/sdc
mke2fs 1.45.5 (07-Jan-2020)
Found a gpt partition table in /dev/sdc
Proceed anyway? (y/N) y
Creating filesystem with 244190646 4k blocks and 61054976 inodes
Filesystem UUID: ad6ecc21-051a-4c29-9921-74d01dec41c7
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968,
102400000, 214990848
neela@hooban:~$ sudo e2fsck -b 32768 /dev/sdc
e2fsck 1.45.5 (07-Jan-2020)
e2fsck: Bad magic number in super-block while trying to open /dev/sdc
The superblock could not be read or does not describe a valid ext2/ext3/ext4
filesystem. If the device is valid and it really contains an ext2/ext3/ext4
filesystem (and not swap or ufs or something else), then the superblock
is corrupt, and you might try running e2fsck with an alternate superblock:
e2fsck -b 8193 <device>
or
e2fsck -b 32768 <device>
Found a gpt partition table in /dev/sdc
neela@hooban:~$
====编辑2=====
我在分区而不是设备上运行 fsck，并发现以下内容。有人知道 fsck 提供的选项的合理答案吗？
neela@hooban:~$ sudo fsck /dev/sdc1
fsck from util-linux 2.34
fsck.fat 4.1 (2017-01-24)
0x41: Dirty bit is set. Fs was not properly unmounted and some data may be corrupt.
1) Remove dirty bit
2) No action
? 2
There are differences between boot sector and its backup.
This is mostly harmless. Differences: (offset:original/backup)
65:01/00
1) Copy original to backup
2) Copy backup to original
3) No action
? 3
/dev/sdc1: 8 files, 1493/130811 clusters
neela@hooban:~$ sudo fsck /dev/sdc2
fsck from util-linux 2.34
e2fsck 1.45.5 (07-Jan-2020)
/dev/sdc2 was not cleanly unmounted, check forced.
Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
Pass 2: Checking directory structure
Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
Pass 4: Checking reference counts
Pass 5: Checking group summary information
/dev/sdc2: 347/124928 files (28.0% non-contiguous), 115619/499712 blocks
neela@hooban:~$ sudo fsck /dev/sdc3
fsck from util-linux 2.34
neela@hooban:~$