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循环打印时双反斜杠消失

tag-icon • tag-icon bash shell-script shell read
循环打印时双反斜杠消失

我有一个脚本将各种数据字段列表连接在一起，然后需要添加更多列。生成的文件如下所示：

$ cat compiled.csv
"name":"Network Rule 1", "description":"Network Rule 1", "from":["internal"], "source":["any"], "user":["domain\\network_user1"], "to":["external"], "destination":["host.example.com","10.1.2.1"], "port":["8443","22"],
"name":"Network Rule 2", "description":"Network Rule 2", "from":["internal"], "source":["any"], "user":["domain\\network_user2"], "to":["external"], "destination":["host.example.com","10.2.1.1"], "port":["23","25"],
"name":"Network Rule 3", "description":"Network Rule 3", "from":["internal"], "source":["any"], "user":["domain\\network_user3"], "to":["external"], "destination":["host.example.com","10.3.4.1"], "port":["80","143"],

我正在尝试将更多字段（都相同）添加到列表中；这些字段就像......

“访问”：“允许”，“时间”：“00:00:00-23:59:59”，“通知”：“是”

最终输出应如下所示：

"name":"Network Rule 1", "description":"Network Rule 1", "from":["internal"], "source":["any"], "user":["domain\\network_user1"], "to":["external"], "destination":["host.example.com","10.1.2.1"], "port":["8443","22"], "access":"allow", "time":"00:00:00-23:59:59", "notify":"yes"
"name":"Network Rule 2", "description":"Network Rule 2", "from":["internal"], "source":["any"], "user":["domain\\network_user2"], "to":["external"], "destination":["host.example.com","10.2.1.1"], "port":["23","25"], "access":"allow", "time":"00:00:00-23:59:59", "notify":"yes"
"name":"Network Rule 3", "description":"Network Rule 3", "from":["internal"], "source":["any"], "user":["domain\\network_user3"], "to":["external"], "destination":["host.example.com","10.3.4.1"], "port":["80","143"], "access":"allow", "time":"00:00:00-23:59:59", "notify":"yes"

当我尝试在循环中附加字段时，在脚本中和直接在 shell 中运行以下命令时，双反斜杠都会消失。

while read LINE; do
 echo $LINE \"access\":\"allow\", \"time\":\"00:00:00-23:59:59\", \"notify\":\"yes\"
done < compiled.csv > completed_list.csv

相反，这会导致以下示例中用户名双反斜杠消失。

"name":"网络规则 1", "description":"网络规则 1", "from":["internal"], "source":["any"],“用户”：[“域\network_user1”], "to":["external"], "destination":["host.example.com","10.1.2.1"], "port":["8443","22"], "access":"允许", "时间":"00:00:00-23:59:59", "通知":"是"

我猜使用 echo 打印整行有问题，但是有什么办法可以解决这个问题呢？

先感谢您。

答案1

read默认情况下，解释可用于从定界中转义 IFS 字符的反斜杠，该-r选项将其关闭。

$ read a b  <<< '1\ 2 3'
$ printf "<%s>\n" "$a"
<1 2>
$ read -r a b  <<< '1\ 2 3'
$ printf "<%s>\n" "$a"
<1\>

另外，即使只给出一个变量名，read也会删除前导和尾随空格（如果存在于 IFS 中），因此您可能需要将 IFS 显式设置为空字符串，以获得未经修改的输入行。

根据您的 shell 和设置，echo可以还打印时处理反斜杠。更好地使用printf "%s\n" "..."。

另外，如果打印双引号，则用单引号引用整个字符串可能会更容易，而不是单独转义每个字符串。

所以，也许：

while IFS= read -r LINE; do
    echo "$LINE"' "access":"allow", "time":"00:00:00-23:59:59", "notify":"yes"'
done < compiled.csv > completed_list.csv

话又说回来，由于看起来您只是在每行末尾添加一个固定字符串，因此您可以使用 sed 代替。它可能会比 shell 更快：

sed -e 's/$/ "access":"allow", "time":"00:00:00-23:59:59", "notify":"yes"/' < compiled.csv > completed_list.csv

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