多次插入/编号/标记/引用以不同形式书写的相同方程式

Question 1

\documentclass[a4paper]{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}

\makeatletter
\newcommand{\defvariant}[1]{\label{#1}%
  \ifmeasuring@\else
    \expandafter\xdef\csname variant@#1\endcsname{\theequation}%
    \expandafter\gdef\csname variant@#1@number\endcsname{0}
  \fi}

\newcommand{\stepvariant}[2][]{%
  \ifmeasuring@\else
    \expandafter\xdef\csname variant@#2@number\endcsname{%
      \number\numexpr\csname variant@#2@number\endcsname+1\relax}%
    \tag{\ref{#2}\@alph{\number\csname variant@#2@number\endcsname}}%
    \if\relax\detokenize{#1}\relax\else\label{#1}\fi
  \fi}

\makeatother

\begin{document}
some text
\begin{equation}
   x-y=0 \defvariant{equal}
\end{equation}
some text
\begin{equation}
   x=y   \stepvariant[ea]{equal}
\end{equation}
some text. Now with an align environment
\begin{align}
   x^2-y^2&=0 \defvariant{squares} \\
   y-x&=0     \stepvariant[eb]{equal}
\end{align}
and with an align environment again
\begin{align}
  x^2&=y^2 \stepvariant[sa]{squares} \\
  x^2+x&=y^2+y 
\end{align}
Equations \eqref{ea}~and~\eqref{eb} are just different forms of 
Equation~\eqref{equal}, the same for Equation~\eqref{sa} and 
Equation~\eqref{squares}.
\end{document}

该命令\defvariant定义了一个可能有变体形式的方程；它的参数也用于标记该方程。

该命令\stepvariant将“父”方程的标签作为强制参数，将供以后参考的标签作为可选参数。

关键点在于避免在诸如和之\ifmeasuring@类的环境中对“子”方程式进行两次伪计数器的步进，这些环境会对其内容进行两次排版，第一次用于测量方程式大小（当设置为 true 时）。aligngather\ifmeasuring@

Answer

\documentclass[a4paper]{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}

\makeatletter
\newcommand{\defvariant}[1]{\label{#1}%
  \ifmeasuring@\else
    \expandafter\xdef\csname variant@#1\endcsname{\theequation}%
    \expandafter\gdef\csname variant@#1@number\endcsname{0}
  \fi}

\newcommand{\stepvariant}[2][]{%
  \ifmeasuring@\else
    \expandafter\xdef\csname variant@#2@number\endcsname{%
      \number\numexpr\csname variant@#2@number\endcsname+1\relax}%
    \tag{\ref{#2}\@alph{\number\csname variant@#2@number\endcsname}}%
    \if\relax\detokenize{#1}\relax\else\label{#1}\fi
  \fi}

\makeatother

\begin{document}
some text
\begin{equation}
   x-y=0 \defvariant{equal}
\end{equation}
some text
\begin{equation}
   x=y   \stepvariant[ea]{equal}
\end{equation}
some text. Now with an align environment
\begin{align}
   x^2-y^2&=0 \defvariant{squares} \\
   y-x&=0     \stepvariant[eb]{equal}
\end{align}
and with an align environment again
\begin{align}
  x^2&=y^2 \stepvariant[sa]{squares} \\
  x^2+x&=y^2+y 
\end{align}
Equations \eqref{ea}~and~\eqref{eb} are just different forms of 
Equation~\eqref{equal}, the same for Equation~\eqref{sa} and 
Equation~\eqref{squares}.
\end{document}

该命令\defvariant定义了一个可能有变体形式的方程；它的参数也用于标记该方程。

该命令\stepvariant将“父”方程的标签作为强制参数，将供以后参考的标签作为可选参数。

关键点在于避免在诸如和之\ifmeasuring@类的环境中对“子”方程式进行两次伪计数器的步进，这些环境会对其内容进行两次排版，第一次用于测量方程式大小（当设置为 true 时）。aligngather\ifmeasuring@

Question 2

这不是一个完整的解决方案，而只是一些关于如何做到的提示。

您必须为“子方程”定义自己的计数器：
```
\newcounter{subequation}
```

定义如何显示此类计数器：

\renewcommand{\thesubequation}{\alph{subequation}}

然后，您可以使用以下命令为方程式创建引用和标签：
```
\refstepcounter{subequation} \label{someLabel}
```

现在，当您使用时\ref{somLabel}，您将获得该方程的编号。但是，存在一些问题，因为它不会显示第一个方程的编号，而只会显示 a.、b. 等，并且在步进主方程计数器时它不会自行“重置”。

您可以使用以下方法自动重置它：

\newcounter{subequation}[equation]

但这不适用于您的示例，因为您想在已增加到 eq2 之后为 eq1 插入新的子计数器。

无论如何，这些只是提示，供您参考。也许对计数器有更深入了解的人可以提供帮助。

Answer

这不是一个完整的解决方案，而只是一些关于如何做到的提示。

您必须为“子方程”定义自己的计数器：
```
\newcounter{subequation}
```

定义如何显示此类计数器：

\renewcommand{\thesubequation}{\alph{subequation}}

然后，您可以使用以下命令为方程式创建引用和标签：
```
\refstepcounter{subequation} \label{someLabel}
```

现在，当您使用时\ref{somLabel}，您将获得该方程的编号。但是，存在一些问题，因为它不会显示第一个方程的编号，而只会显示 a.、b. 等，并且在步进主方程计数器时它不会自行“重置”。

您可以使用以下方法自动重置它：

\newcounter{subequation}[equation]

但这不适用于您的示例，因为您想在已增加到 eq2 之后为 eq1 插入新的子计数器。

无论如何，这些只是提示，供您参考。也许对计数器有更深入了解的人可以提供帮助。

Question 3

如果您有 LuaLaTeX，我们可以对 egreg 的解决方案进行轻微改进（从某种意义上说，您只需要一个宏）。然后可以将大多数（但不是全部）宏代码移至 lua。我已经将单个宏实现为\tageqn[label]{number_category}；名称很容易更改。

\documentclass[11pt]{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{luacode}
\usepackage{xifthen}
\usepackage{hyperref}

\begin{luacode}
tagList = {}    --maps number category to current value

function tagEqn(num)
    letter = incrementLetter(num)

    --default label (e.g. eqn:1b); can be configured by user
    label = "eqn:".. num .. letter

    outputEqn(num .. letter, label)
end

function labelEqn(num, label)
    outputEqn(num .. incrementLetter(num), label)
end 

--increments the current num's letter, returns the new letter
function incrementLetter(num)
    if tagList[num] == nil then
        tagList[num] = 0
    else
        tagList[num] = tagList[num] + 1
    end

    return string.char(string.byte("a")  + tagList[num])
end

function outputEqn(tag,label)
    tex.print( " \\tag{" .. tag ..  "}" .. "\\label{"..label.."}") 
end
\end{luacode}

\makeatletter
\newcommand{\tageqn}[2][]{\ifmeasuring@ \else \ifthenelse{\isempty{#1}}{\directlua{tagEqn(#2)} }{\directlua{labelEqn(#2,"#1")} } \fi}
\makeatother

\begin{document}

\section*{Basic, no specified labels}
Testing basic equations (including the equation environment) with no specified labels:\[999-99= \text{ modern math}\tageqn{17}\]
\begin{equation}
232332 = 912929192 \tageqn{17}
\end{equation}
\[323223=232332\tageqn{11}\]

Trying out default reference `eqn:17a' gives \ref{eqn:17a}, `eqn:17b' gives \ref{eqn:17b}, and `eqn:11a' gives \ref{eqn:11a}.

\section*{Basic, specified labels}

Testing basic equations with labels `dog', `cat', and `Time Lord'.\[999-99\tageqn[dog]{17}\]
\begin{equation}
232332 = 912929192 \tageqn[cat]{17}
\end{equation}
\[323223=232332\tageqn[Time Lord]{11}\]

Trying out references gives \ref{dog}, \ref{cat}, and \ref{Time Lord}.

\section*{Testing align (default labels)}

Finally, we test aligns.  First we do so with default labels

\begin{align}
3 &= 4 + 7 \tageqn{17}
\\&= 8 + 9 \tageqn{17}
\\&> x \tageqn{11}
\end{align}

Trying out default reference `eqn:17e' gives \ref{eqn:17e}, `eqn:17f' gives \ref{eqn:17f}, and `eqn:11c' gives \ref{eqn:11c}.

\section*{Testing align (custom labels)}

Now with labels `rar', `ar', and `gaga'.

\begin{align}
3 &= 4 + 7 \tageqn[rar]{17}
\\&= 8 + 9 \tageqn[ar]{17}
\\&> x \tageqn[gaga]{11}
\end{align}

The references give us: \ref{rar}, \ref{ar}, and \ref{gaga}, respectively!

\section*{Autoref}

Finally, we try out autoref. `eqn17e' gives \autoref{eqn:17e}, `Time Lord' gives \autoref{Time Lord}, and `gaga' gives \autoref{gaga}!

\end{document}

Answer

如果您有 LuaLaTeX，我们可以对 egreg 的解决方案进行轻微改进（从某种意义上说，您只需要一个宏）。然后可以将大多数（但不是全部）宏代码移至 lua。我已经将单个宏实现为\tageqn[label]{number_category}；名称很容易更改。

\documentclass[11pt]{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{luacode}
\usepackage{xifthen}
\usepackage{hyperref}

\begin{luacode}
tagList = {}    --maps number category to current value

function tagEqn(num)
    letter = incrementLetter(num)

    --default label (e.g. eqn:1b); can be configured by user
    label = "eqn:".. num .. letter

    outputEqn(num .. letter, label)
end

function labelEqn(num, label)
    outputEqn(num .. incrementLetter(num), label)
end 

--increments the current num's letter, returns the new letter
function incrementLetter(num)
    if tagList[num] == nil then
        tagList[num] = 0
    else
        tagList[num] = tagList[num] + 1
    end

    return string.char(string.byte("a")  + tagList[num])
end

function outputEqn(tag,label)
    tex.print( " \\tag{" .. tag ..  "}" .. "\\label{"..label.."}") 
end
\end{luacode}

\makeatletter
\newcommand{\tageqn}[2][]{\ifmeasuring@ \else \ifthenelse{\isempty{#1}}{\directlua{tagEqn(#2)} }{\directlua{labelEqn(#2,"#1")} } \fi}
\makeatother

\begin{document}

\section*{Basic, no specified labels}
Testing basic equations (including the equation environment) with no specified labels:\[999-99= \text{ modern math}\tageqn{17}\]
\begin{equation}
232332 = 912929192 \tageqn{17}
\end{equation}
\[323223=232332\tageqn{11}\]

Trying out default reference `eqn:17a' gives \ref{eqn:17a}, `eqn:17b' gives \ref{eqn:17b}, and `eqn:11a' gives \ref{eqn:11a}.

\section*{Basic, specified labels}

Testing basic equations with labels `dog', `cat', and `Time Lord'.\[999-99\tageqn[dog]{17}\]
\begin{equation}
232332 = 912929192 \tageqn[cat]{17}
\end{equation}
\[323223=232332\tageqn[Time Lord]{11}\]

Trying out references gives \ref{dog}, \ref{cat}, and \ref{Time Lord}.

\section*{Testing align (default labels)}

Finally, we test aligns.  First we do so with default labels

\begin{align}
3 &= 4 + 7 \tageqn{17}
\\&= 8 + 9 \tageqn{17}
\\&> x \tageqn{11}
\end{align}

Trying out default reference `eqn:17e' gives \ref{eqn:17e}, `eqn:17f' gives \ref{eqn:17f}, and `eqn:11c' gives \ref{eqn:11c}.

\section*{Testing align (custom labels)}

Now with labels `rar', `ar', and `gaga'.

\begin{align}
3 &= 4 + 7 \tageqn[rar]{17}
\\&= 8 + 9 \tageqn[ar]{17}
\\&> x \tageqn[gaga]{11}
\end{align}

The references give us: \ref{rar}, \ref{ar}, and \ref{gaga}, respectively!

\section*{Autoref}

Finally, we try out autoref. `eqn17e' gives \autoref{eqn:17e}, `Time Lord' gives \autoref{Time Lord}, and `gaga' gives \autoref{gaga}!

\end{document}

Question 4

你看过subequations提供的环境了amsmath.sty吗？它似乎完全符合你的要求。（请参阅 amsldoc.pdf 中的第 3.11.3 节，位于ftp://ftp.ams.org/ams/doc/amsmath/amsldoc.pdf。例如，如果你输入

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\begin{document}
\thispagestyle{empty}
Here's some text.
\begin{subequations}
  Here's even more text.
  \begin{equation}
    \label{eq:first}
    x - y = 0
  \end{equation}
  Then again, we also have
  \begin{equation}
    \label{eq:second}
    x = y
  \end{equation}
  Of course, equation \eqref{eq:second} is just another version of
  equation \eqref{eq:first}.
\end{subequations}

Here's more text. Here's more text. Here's more text.
\begin{subequations}
  Here's an align environment:
  \begin{align}
    x^{2} + y^{2} &= z^{2} \label{pythag}\\
    \sin^{2}x + \cos^{2}x &= 1\label{trig}
  \end{align}
  Equation \eqref{pythag} isn't really the same as equation
  \eqref{trig}, but they sort of look similar.
\end{subequations}
\end{document}

那么你会得到

在此处输入图片描述

Answer

你看过subequations提供的环境了amsmath.sty吗？它似乎完全符合你的要求。（请参阅 amsldoc.pdf 中的第 3.11.3 节，位于ftp://ftp.ams.org/ams/doc/amsmath/amsldoc.pdf。例如，如果你输入

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\begin{document}
\thispagestyle{empty}
Here's some text.
\begin{subequations}
  Here's even more text.
  \begin{equation}
    \label{eq:first}
    x - y = 0
  \end{equation}
  Then again, we also have
  \begin{equation}
    \label{eq:second}
    x = y
  \end{equation}
  Of course, equation \eqref{eq:second} is just another version of
  equation \eqref{eq:first}.
\end{subequations}

Here's more text. Here's more text. Here's more text.
\begin{subequations}
  Here's an align environment:
  \begin{align}
    x^{2} + y^{2} &= z^{2} \label{pythag}\\
    \sin^{2}x + \cos^{2}x &= 1\label{trig}
  \end{align}
  Equation \eqref{pythag} isn't really the same as equation
  \eqref{trig}, but they sort of look similar.
\end{subequations}
\end{document}

那么你会得到

在此处输入图片描述

多次插入/编号/标记/引用以不同形式书写的相同方程式

答案1

答案2

答案3

答案4

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