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TikZ：逐块排列树木

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TikZ：逐块排列树木

我使用 TikZ 创建树。现在我要将四棵树排列成矩阵，如下所示：

Tree A Tree B
Tree C Tree D

我已经尝试过 \matrix 命令。这个命令有效，但它在树之间完全没有留下任何空间。我想让树之间有一个空间，以便在树之间创建箭头。理想情况下，四棵树位于四个框中，所有框的大小和间距都相同。

有什么建议么？

谢谢。

编辑：这是我想到的：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{scalefnt}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows,calc}
\usetikzlibrary{decorations.pathmorphing}
\usetikzlibrary{decorations.pathreplacing}
\usetikzlibrary{trees}
\usetikzlibrary{matrix}
\pgfdeclarelayer{background}
\pgfsetlayers{background,main}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
    [
    every node/.style={rectangle, draw, fill=black!10,
      text badly centered, font=\scalefont{0.45}, text width=1.3cm},
    level distance=0.7cm,
    level 1/.style={sibling distance=2cm}
    ]

    \matrix [draw=none, fill=none, column sep=2cm, row sep=1.5cm]
    {
      \path node {Ressourcen} [edge from parent fork down]
      child {node {Zeit}}
      child {node {Umwelt}
        child {node [text width=2.8cm]{Lernumgebung, Personen Material}}
      }
      child {node {Physiologie}};
      &
      \path node {Ziele} [edge from parent fork down]
      child {node {kurzfristig}}
      child {node {langfristig}};\\

      \path node {Volition} [edge from parent fork down]
      child {node {Aufmerksamkeit}}
      child {node {Motivation}}
      child {node {Emotionskontrolle}};
      &
      \node {Lernstrategien};\\
    };
  \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

现在，如果在树周围放置方框并在方框之间放置箭头，那就太好了……

答案1

我没有使用矩阵，而是使用at语法来明确定位树；然后我使用矩形来绘制框架（基本上是一个矩形方便地移动以保证框的大小相同）：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[margin=2.5cm]{geometry}
\usepackage{scalefnt}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{trees,arrows,calc}

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
    [
    every node/.style={rectangle, draw, fill=black!10,
    text badly centered, font=\scalefont{0.45}, text width=1.3cm},
    level distance=0.7cm,
    level 1/.style={sibling distance=2cm}
    ]

      \node at (0,0) (R) {Ressourcen} [edge from parent fork down]
      child {node (Ze) {Zeit}}
      child {node (U) {Umwelt}
        child {node (L) [text width=2.8cm]{Lernumgebung, Personen Material}}
      }
      child {node (P) {Physiologie}};

      \node at (7,0) (Zi) {Ziele} [edge from parent fork down]
      child {node (k) {kurzfristig}}
      child {node (l) {langfristig}};

      \node at (0,-3.5) (V) {Volition} [edge from parent fork down]
      child {node[text width=1.8cm] (A) {Aufmerksamkeit}}
      child {node (M) {Motivation}}
      child {node[text width=1.9cm] (E) {Emotionskontrolle}};

     \node[text width=1.6cm] at (7,-3.5) (Le) {Lernstrategien};

  \draw (-3.3,-2) rectangle (3.3,0.5); 
  \draw[xshift=7cm] (-3.3,-2) rectangle (3.3,0.5); 
  \draw[yshift=-3cm] (-3.3,-2) rectangle (3.3,0.5); 
  \draw[xshift=7cm,yshift=-3cm] (-3.3,-2) rectangle (3.3,0.5);
  \draw[->] (3.3,-0.75) -- (3.7,-0.75);
  \draw[->] (3.3,-3.75) -- (3.7,-3.75);
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

答案2

这是另一种不太“手动”的方法，使用矩阵作为出色的positioning库。它并不完美（由于时间不足）。它留作“练习”，以弄清楚对齐和框。

或者，您可以创建四个矩阵。这将使装箱和对齐变得微不足道；但是装箱会很困难，因为您希望它们大小均匀。

\documentclass[landscape]{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning,matrix}
\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}[every node/.style={
    draw,
    fill=black!10,
    text centered,
    text width=2cm,
    inner sep=5pt,
    node distance=1em and 2ex
  },
  ghost/.style={draw=none, fill=none, text width=0em},
  every matrix/.style={fill=none, inner sep=1em}]


  \node[matrix, row sep=2em, column sep=2em] {

    {
      \node (r) {Ressourcen};
      \node [below = of r] (u) {Umwelt};
      \node [left = of u] (p) {Phyilogie} ;
      \node [right = of u] (z)  {Zeit};
      \node [below = of u] (l) {Lernumgebung};
      \foreach \i/\j in {r/p,r/z,r/u,u/l}
      \draw[->] (\i.south) -|+ (0,-.5em) -| (\j.north);
    };
    &
    {
      \node (r) {Ressourcen};
      \node [below = of r,ghost] (u) {};
      \node [left = of u] (p) {Phyilogie} ;
      \node [right = of u] (z)  {Zeit};
      \foreach \i/\j in {r/p,r/z}
      \draw[->] (\i.south) -|+ (0,-.25em) -| (\j.north);
    }\\
    {
      \node (r) {Ressourcen};
      \node [below = of r] (u) {Umwelt};
      \node [left = of u] (p) {Phyilogie} ;
      \node [right = of u] (z)  {Zeit};
      \foreach \i/\j in {r/p,r/z,r/u}
      \draw[->] (\i.south) -|+ (0,-.5em) -| (\j.north);
    }
    &
    {
      \node [below = of u] (l) {Lernumgebung};
    }
    \\
  };
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

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