下午好，
有没有办法可以在 LaTeX 中生成系统环境图？- 参见下面的示例图：
答案1
答案是热情的，是的! 有很多选项可用，包括
- tikZ（在这个网站上非常受欢迎，你可能很快就会看到解决方案）
- PSTricks（示例如下）
下面的代码使用了该pst-node包，详细信息请参阅文档。
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{pst-node}
\begin{document}
\begin{pspicture}(0,0)(10,10)
%\psgrid % useful during construction
% draw the main nodes
\cnodeput[shadow=true](5,5){control}{\begin{tabular}{c}Control\\Carpark\\(System)\end{tabular}}
\rput(2,8){\rnode{vehicle}{\psshadowbox{Vehicle}}}
\rput(8,2){\rnode{driver}{\psshadowbox{Driver}}}
% connections from vehicle to control
\nccurve[angleA=-90,angleB=180,linestyle=dashed,arrows=->]{vehicle}{control}
\ncput*{Entry}
\nccurve[angleA=-45,angleB=145,linestyle=dashed,arrows=->]{vehicle}{control}
\ncput*{Arrival}
\nccurve[angleA=0,angleB=125,linestyle=dashed,arrows=->]{vehicle}{control}
\ncput*{Exit}
% connections from drive to control
\ncdiag[armA=2cm,armB=1cm,linearc=0.5,angleA=25,angleB=0,arrows=<->]{driver}{control}
\ncput*{Paid-ticket}
\nccurve[angleA=45,angleB=-15,arrows=<-]{driver}{control}
\ncput*{Ticket}
\nccurve[angleA=180,angleB=-90,arrows=->]{driver}{control}
\ncput*{Issued-Ticket}
\nccurve[angleA=135,angleB=-45,arrows=->,linestyle=dashed]{driver}{control}
\ncput*{Request}
% arrows
\psnode(1,1){S}{}
\psnode(1,3){N}{}
\ncline[arrows=->,linestyle=dashed]{S}{N}
\ncput*{Control Flow}
\psnode(1,4){S1}{}
\psnode(1,6){N1}{}
\ncline[arrows=->]{S1}{N1}
\ncput*{Data Flow}
\end{pspicture}
\end{document}
如果你以前没有使用过PSTricks，有几件事不需要注意。使用以下命令编译代码：
latex myfile.tex
dvips myfile.dvi
ps2pdf myfile.ps
或者
xelatex myfile.tex
如果您要使用pdflatex，则使您的序言看起来如下：
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[pdf]{pstricks}
\usepackage{pst-node}
\begin{document}
....
然后你可以运行
pdflatex -shell-escape myfile.tex
编辑
这是另一个版本，比我的原版稍微好一点（恕我直言）；它使用\ncarc而不是\nccurve
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{pst-node}
\begin{document}
\begin{pspicture}(0,0)(10,10)
%\psgrid % useful during construction
% draw the main nodes
\cnodeput[shadow=true](5,5){control}{\begin{tabular}{c}Control\\Carpark\\(System)\end{tabular}}
\rput(2,8){\rnode{vehicle}{\psshadowbox{Vehicle}}}
\rput(8,2){\rnode{driver}{\psshadowbox{Driver}}}
% connections from vehicle to control
\ncarc[arcangle=-45,linestyle=dashed,arrows=->]{vehicle}{control}
\ncput*{Entry}
\ncarc[linestyle=dashed,arrows=->]{vehicle}{control}
\ncput*{Arrival}
\ncarc[arcangle=45,linestyle=dashed,arrows=->]{vehicle}{control}
\ncput*{Exit}
% connections from drive to control
\ncarc[ncurv=1,arcangle=-90,arrows=<->]{driver}{control}
\ncput*{Paid-ticket}
\ncarc[arcangle=-25,arrows=<->]{driver}{control}
\ncput*{Payment}
\ncarc[ncurv=0.75,arcangle=-60,arrows=<-]{driver}{control}
\ncput*{Ticket}
\ncarc[arcangle=45,arrows=->]{driver}{control}
\ncput*{Issued-Ticket}
\ncarc[arrows=->,linestyle=dashed]{driver}{control}
\ncput*{Request}
% arrows
\psnode(1,1){S}{}
\psnode(1,3){N}{}
\ncline[arrows=->,linestyle=dashed]{S}{N}
\ncput*{Control Flow}
\psnode(1,4){S1}{}
\psnode(1,6){N1}{}
\ncline[arrows=->]{S1}{N1}
\ncput*{Data Flow}
\end{pspicture}
\end{document}
答案2
一个简单的示例TikZ可能是：
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows, positioning, shadows}
\begin{document}
\begin{figure}
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=4cm, inner sep=3mm, minimum width=1.5cm, >=stealth']
\node [draw, rectangle, drop shadow, fill=white] (V) at (0,0) {VEHICLE};
\node [draw, circle, drop shadow, fill=white, text width=2cm, align=center] (C) [below right=of V] {Control Carpark (System)};
\node [draw, rectangle, drop shadow, fill=white] (D) [below right=of C] {DRIVER};
\node (ctrl1) [above=of D] {};
\node (ctrl2) [above right=of C] {};
\node (ctrl3) [right=of C] {};
\node (ctrl4) [above right=of D] {};
\path [draw, ->, dashed] (V) edge node [fill=white] {Arrival} (C)
edge [bend left] node [fill=white] {Exit} (C)
edge [bend right] node [fill=white] {Entry} (C);
\path [draw, ->, dashed] (D) edge node [fill=white] {Request} (C);
\path [draw, ->] (D) edge [bend right] node [fill=white] {Issued-Ticked} (C)
edge [bend left] node [fill=white] {Payment} (C)
(C) .. controls (ctrl1) and (ctrl3) .. node [fill=white] {Ticket} (D);
\path [draw, <->] (D) .. controls (ctrl4) and (ctrl2) .. node [fill=white] {Paid-Ticket} (C);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{figure}
\end{document}
代码可以调整得更类似于原始图，但我认为主要成分如下：
- 节点用于创建路径的框和“路径点”
positioning库已加载，因此您可以更有效地缩放图形，而不必指定明确的坐标controls在路径中为箭头设置自定义曲线并避免重叠shadows阴影库- 并使用白色填充以避免文本与箭头线重叠。
结果是这样的：
