☰

有哪些 LaTeX 凯莱图的优秀范例？

tag-icon • tag-icon diagrams best-practices examples
有哪些 LaTeX 凯莱图的优秀范例？

我正在寻找一些用于生成基本凯莱图的 LaTeX 代码的良好示例像这个：

D4组图

理想情况下，我希望这些示例能够清楚地说明如何修改或删除图表的各种元素（标签、颜色、线条样式等），以及如何为不同的基本组生成图表。

答案1

TikZ 应该非常有用。这是一个在 latex 中“绘制”东西的包。我尝试复制你的图片，仍然有一些粗糙的边缘，但我认为它看起来相当不错。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}

\begin{document}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows,positioning}
\begin{tikzpicture} [%
    nd/.style = {circle,fill=black,text=white,inner sep=1pt},
    tn/.style = {node distance=1pt},
    redarrow/.style={->, red, fill=none,>=stealth},
    blueline/.style={-,blue,fill=none}]

    \node[nd] (otl) at (0,0) {\sffamily F};
    \node[nd] (itl) [below right=of otl] {\sffamily F};
    \node[nd] (itr) [right=of itl] {\sffamily F};
    \node[nd] (otr) [above right=of itr] {\sffamily F};
    \node[nd] (ibl) [below=of itl] {\sffamily F};
    \node[nd] (obl) [below left=of ibl] {\sffamily F};
    \node[nd] (ibr) [right=of ibl] {\sffamily F};
    \node[nd] (obr) [below right=of ibr] {\sffamily F};

    \draw[redarrow] (otr) -- (otl);
    \draw[redarrow] (otl) -- (obl);
    \draw[redarrow] (obl) -- (obr);
    \draw[redarrow] (obr) -- (otr); 
    \draw[redarrow] (itl) -- (itr);
    \draw[redarrow] (itr) -- (ibr);
    \draw[redarrow] (ibr) -- (ibl);
    \draw[redarrow] (ibl) -- (itl); 

    \draw[blueline] (ibl) -- (obl);
    \draw[blueline] (itl) -- (otl);
    \draw[blueline] (ibr) -- (obr);
    \draw[blueline] (itr) -- (otr);

    \node[tn] [below right=of itl] {\tiny{$a$}};
    \node[tn] [below left=of itr] {\tiny{$a^2$}};
    \node[tn] [above left=of ibr] {\tiny{$a^3$}};
    \node[tn] [above right=of ibl] {\tiny{$e$}};

    \node[tn] [below left=of obl] {\tiny{$b$}};
    \node[tn] [below=of obr] {\tiny{$ab=ba^3$}};
    \node[tn] [above=of otl] {\tiny{$ba=a^3b$}};
    \node[tn] [above=of otr] {\tiny{$a^2b=ba^2$}};

\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

看起来像

图表截图

我通常会根据样式的用途来命名样式，但由于我不知道该图代表什么，所以我只是根据样式来命名它们。旋转仍然缺失，但我正在努力将其改正 ;)

编辑：

我让旋转等功能正常工作。由于语法有点难以阅读，我想我应该为图中的节点定义一个命令。我还修复了“标题”的文本高度，这样文本的丑陋偏移就消失了。只是上半部分发生了变化，但本着提供 MWE 的精神，我还再次复制了其余代码：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}

\begin{document}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows,positioning}

\newcommand{\nd}[4]{\node[nd] (#1) #2 [label={[white,rotate=#3]center:{\sffamily #4}}] {}};

\begin{tikzpicture} [%
    nd/.style = {circle,fill=black,text=white,inner sep=4pt},
    tn/.style = {node distance=1pt,text height=0.5ex},
    redarrow/.style={->, red, fill=none,>=stealth},
    blueline/.style={-,blue,fill=none}]

    \nd{otl}{at (0,0)}{0}{F};
    \nd{itl}{[below right=of otl]}{270}{F};
    \nd{itr}{[right=of itl]}{0}{F};
    \nd{otr}{[above right=of itr]}{90}{x};
    \nd{ibl}{[below=of itl]}{90}{F};
    \nd{obl}{[below left=of ibl]}{0}{e};
    \nd{ibr}{[right=of ibl]}{180}{F};
    \nd{obr}{[below right=of ibr]}{90}{F};

    \draw[redarrow] (otr) -- (otl);
    \draw[redarrow] (otl) -- (obl);
    \draw[redarrow] (obl) -- (obr);
    \draw[redarrow] (obr) -- (otr); 
    \draw[redarrow] (itl) -- (itr);
    \draw[redarrow] (itr) -- (ibr);
    \draw[redarrow] (ibr) -- (ibl);
    \draw[redarrow] (ibl) -- (itl); 

    \draw[blueline] (ibl) -- (obl);
    \draw[blueline] (itl) -- (otl);
    \draw[blueline] (ibr) -- (obr);
    \draw[blueline] (itr) -- (otr);

    \node[tn] [below right=of itl] {\tiny{$a$}};
    \node[tn] [below left=of itr] {\tiny{$a^2$}};
    \node[tn] [above left=of ibr] {\tiny{$a^3$}};
    \node[tn] [above right=of ibl] {\tiny{$e$}};

    \node[tn] [below left=of obl] {\tiny{$b$}};
    \node[tn] [below=of obr] {\tiny{$ab=ba^3$}};
    \node[tn] [above=of otl] {\tiny{$ba=a^3b$}};
    \node[tn] [above=of otr] {\tiny{$a^2b=ba^2$}};

\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

更好的图表版本

答案2

作为一名新手，我可以使用tikz这个petri库（不管它是什么）

\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning}
\usetikzlibrary{petri}
\tikzset{state/.style={circle,draw=gray,inner sep=0pt,minimum size=7mm,label=center:$#1$,name=#1},
redarrow/.style={->, red, fill=none,>=stealth},bluearrow/.style={->, blue, fill=none,>=stealth},  
redline/.style={-,red,fill=none},blueline/.style={-,blue,fill=none}}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node[state=e]{};
\node[state=a,above=of e]{};
\node[state=a^2,right=of a]{};
\node[state=a^3,below=of a^2]{};
\node[state=b,below left=of e]{};
\node[state=ba^3,above left=of a]{};
\node[state=ba^2,above right=of a^2]{};
\node[state=ba,below right=of a^3]{};
\draw[redarrow](e)--(a);\draw[redarrow](b)--(ba);
\draw[redarrow](a)--(a^2);\draw[redarrow](ba)--(ba^2);
\draw[redarrow](a^2)--(a^3);\draw[redarrow](ba^2)--(ba^3);
\draw[redarrow](a^3)--(e);\draw[redarrow](ba^3)--(b);
\draw[blueline](e)--(b);
\draw[blueline](a)--(ba^3);
\draw[blueline](a^2)--(ba^2);
\draw[blueline](a^3)--(ba);
\end{tikzpicture}

得到这个：

在此处输入图片描述

答案3

以下是一个简单的尝试元帖子，使用两个内置转换命令：rotated t和reflectedabout(p,q)。

在此处输入图片描述

prologues := 3;
outputtemplate := "%j%c.eps";

beginfig(1);
% define the image of the F to transform
s = 16;
picture f;
f = image(fill fullcircle scaled s; label("F" infont "cmss10" scaled 1.2,origin) withcolor white;);

% define the 8 points we need
% it's convenient to have the origin at the centre.
z1 = 50 right rotated -135;
z2 = z1 rotated -90;
z3 = z2 rotated -90;
z4 = z3 rotated -90;
z5 = 2z1;
z6 = 2z2;
z7 = 2z3;
z8 = 2z4;

% loop to draw the lines, arrows, and the F suitably transformed
% the cutbefore/cutafter parts shorten the arrows to avoid the discs
for i=0 upto 3:
  draw z[i+1] -- z[5+i] withcolor blue;
  n := (i+1) mod 4 + 1;
  drawarrow z[i+1] -- z[n] 
            cutbefore fullcircle scaled s shifted z[i+1]
            cutafter  fullcircle scaled s shifted z[n]
            withcolor red;
  drawarrow z[n+4] -- z[i+5] 
            cutbefore fullcircle scaled s shifted z[n+4]
            cutafter  fullcircle scaled s shifted z[i+5]
            withcolor red;
  draw f                         rotated 90i shifted z[i+1];
  draw f reflectedabout(up,down) rotated 90i shifted z[i+5];
endfor

% add suitable labels, carefully positioned.
label(btex $e$   etex, .7 z1);
label(btex $a$   etex, .7 z2);
label(btex $a^2$ etex, .7 z3);
label(btex $a^3$ etex, .7 z4);

label.bot(btex $b$         etex, z5-(0,s/2));
label.top(btex $ba=a^3b$   etex, z6+(0,s/2));
label.top(btex $ba^2=a^2b$ etex, z7+(0,s/2));
label.bot(btex $ba^3=ab$   etex, z8-(0,s/2));

endfig;
end.

相关内容