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如何为思维导图概念着色？

tag-icon • tag-icon tikz-pgf tikz-trees tikz-styles shading mindmaps
如何为思维导图概念着色？

我尝试在思维导图的概念上添加阴影

\begin{tikzpicture}[mindmap, text=white,
  every concept/.append style={circle,shading=ball, ball color=black!20!white!20}]

但问题是这种样式实际上并不透明，并且会用单独的颜色填充概念。因此，所有概念都将具有一种颜色（如上所定义）。

如何通过保留概念单独的颜色来为所有概念添加阴影样式？

答案1

要为思维导图添加阴影，需要为节点添加阴影。

让我们开始为每个级别添加不同的阴影样式；使用的方法很简单：不同的概念会有不同的ball color样式。

代码：

\documentclass[a4paper,11pt]{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{mindmap}

\tikzset{level 1 concept/.append style={font=\sf, sibling angle=90,level distance = 25mm}}
\tikzset{level 2 concept/.append style={font=\sf, sibling angle=45,level distance = 16mm}}
\tikzset{level 3 concept/.append style={font=\sf, sibling angle=45,level distance = 17mm}}
\tikzset{every node/.append style={scale=0.6}}

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[mindmap, concept color=blue, font=\sf\bf, text=white]
\node[concept,ball color=blue]{Root Concept}[clockwise from=315]
 child [concept color=violet] {node[circle,ball color=violet] (c1){Child 1}                                
      child  {node [circle,ball color=violet](c11){Child 1-1}}
      child  {node [circle,ball color=violet](c12){Child 1-2}}
      child  {node [circle,ball color=violet](c13){Child 1-3}}                                                   
 }
 child [concept color=orange]{node [circle,ball color=orange](c2){Child 2}
     child {node [circle,ball color=orange](c21){Child 2-1}}
     child {node [circle,ball color=orange](c22){Child 2-2}}
     child {node [circle,ball color=orange](c22){Child 1-3}}
 };
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

结果是：

在此处输入图片描述

现在我们可以开始定义更复杂的阴影来区分概念（相关答案作为阴影的参考：如何创建球形阴影并手动自定义 3D 照明？和有没有办法调整 TikZ 中的球阴影？）；例如，我们定义一个myball阴影如下：

\makeatletter
\pgfdeclareradialshading[tikz@ball]{myball}{\pgfqpoint{5bp}{10bp}}{%
 color(0bp)=(tikz@ball!30!white);
 color(9bp)=(tikz@ball!75!white);
 color(18bp)=(tikz@ball!90!black);
 color(25bp)=(tikz@ball!70!black);
 color(50bp)=(black)}
\makeatother

然而，有了这个定义，就不可能轻易改变颜色；这就是为什么我们还需要：

\tikzoption{myball color}{\pgfutil@colorlet{tikz@ball}{#1}\def\tikz@shading{myball}\tikz@addmode{\tikz@mode@shadetrue}}

随后调用myball color=...。

以下是完整示例：

\documentclass[a4paper,11pt]{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{mindmap}

\makeatletter

\pgfdeclareradialshading[tikz@ball]{myball}{\pgfqpoint{5bp}{10bp}}{%
 color(0bp)=(tikz@ball!30!white);
 color(9bp)=(tikz@ball!75!white);
 color(18bp)=(tikz@ball!90!black);
 color(25bp)=(tikz@ball!70!black);
 color(50bp)=(black)}

 % to make possible use "myball color=..." 
\tikzoption{myball color}{\pgfutil@colorlet{tikz@ball}{#1}\def\tikz@shading{myball}\tikz@addmode{\tikz@mode@shadetrue}}

 \pgfdeclareradialshading[tikz@ball]{myball-left}{\pgfqpoint{5bp}{-9bp}}{%
 color(0bp)=(tikz@ball!30!white);
 color(15bp)=(tikz@ball!75!white);
 color(25bp)=(tikz@ball!90!black);
 color(40bp)=(tikz@ball!70!black);
 color(70bp)=(black)}

\tikzoption{myball-left color}{\pgfutil@colorlet{tikz@ball}{#1}\def\tikz@shading{myball-left}\tikz@addmode{\tikz@mode@shadetrue}}

\pgfdeclareradialshading[tikz@ball]{myball-right}{\pgfqpoint{-5bp}{-9bp}}{%
 color(0bp)=(tikz@ball!30!white);
 color(15bp)=(tikz@ball!75!white);
 color(25bp)=(tikz@ball!90!black);
 color(40bp)=(tikz@ball!70!black);
 color(70bp)=(black)} 

\tikzoption{myball-right color}{\pgfutil@colorlet{tikz@ball}{#1}\def\tikz@shading{myball-right}\tikz@addmode{\tikz@mode@shadetrue}}

\makeatother

\tikzset{level 1 concept/.append style={font=\sf, sibling angle=90,level distance = 25mm}}
\tikzset{level 2 concept/.append style={font=\sf, sibling angle=45,level distance = 16mm}}
\tikzset{level 3 concept/.append style={font=\sf, sibling angle=45,level distance = 17mm}}
\tikzset{every node/.append style={scale=0.6}}


\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[mindmap, concept color=blue, font=\sf\bf, text=white]
\node[concept,shading=myball]{Root Concept}[clockwise from=315]
    child [concept color=orange] {node[circle, myball-left color=orange] (c1){Child 1}                                
        child  {node [circle, myball-left color=orange](c11){Child 1-1}}
        child  {node [circle,myball-left color=orange](c12){Child 1-2}}
        child  {node [circle,myball-left color=orange](c13){Child 1-3}}                                                   
     }
     child [concept color=violet]{node [circle,myball-right color=violet](c2){Child 2}
        child {node [circle,myball-right color=violet](c21){Child 2-1}}
        child {node [circle,myball-right color=violet](c22){Child 2-2}}
        child {node [circle,myball-right color=violet](c22){Child 1-3}}
    };
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

这使：

在此处输入图片描述

一些评论

  1. 典型的调用是：child {node [circle, myball-left color=orange](c11){Child 1-1}}哪里circle是绝对需要的，否则概念就变成正方形了。

  2. 如果您尝试添加concept到节点选项，您的球将会变成圆圈（圆圈尺寸较小时效果更明显）。

将前面的例子中的改为document：

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[mindmap, concept color=blue, font=\sf\bf, text=white]
\node[concept,shading=myball]{Root Concept}[clockwise from=315]
    child [concept color=orange] {node[concept,circle, myball-left color=orange] (c1){Child 1}                                
        child  {node [concept,circle, myball-left color=orange](c11){Child 1-1}}
        child  {node [concept,circle,myball-left color=orange](c12){Child 1-2}}
        child  {node [concept,circle,myball-left color=orange](c13){Child 1-3}}                                                   
     }
     child [concept color=violet]{node [concept,circle,myball-right color=violet](c2){Child 2}
        child {node [concept,circle,myball-right color=violet](c21){Child 2-1}}
        child {node [concept,circle,myball-right color=violet](c22){Child 2-2}}
        child {node [concept,circle,myball-right color=violet](c22){Child 1-3}}
    };
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

这导致：

在此处输入图片描述

注意外部的圆圈，在橙色概念中非常明显。

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