我对 TikZ 有疑问。我想绘制一个动态剪切平面。红色区域的顶部是动态的，蓝色区域应该具有相同的高度/级别，但尺寸要大得多……以将光学区域与红色区域分开。有什么想法吗？
更新我添加了另一张图片来阐明我的观点。蓝色方块应该完美地贴合在红色截头体的顶部。它应该是动态的，所以如果我改变截头体的高度，蓝色方块也会移动。我的问题是红色截头体的高度是从视点到底部的射线的一部分。如果可以给出一个适合透视和射线的高度参数，我认为这也可以解决问题。
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1]
\usetikzlibrary{calc}
%%% Parameter %%%
\pgfmathsetmacro{\frameHeight}{8}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\frameWidth}{0.92}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\frameDepth}{0.87}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\viewpointDepth}{0.5}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\viewpointCentering}{0.5}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\projectionHeight}{0.36}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\projectionWidth}{0.96}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\projectionDepth}{0.07}
% Fluchtpunkte
\coordinate (F1) at (30:50cm);
\coordinate (F2) at (150:50cm);
% Eckpunkte
\coordinate (P1) at (0cm,0cm); % v U
\coordinate (P2) at (0cm,\frameHeight); % v O
\coordinate (P3) at ($(F1)!\frameDepth!(P1)$); % h U
\coordinate (P4) at ($(F1)!\frameDepth!(P2)$); % h O
\coordinate (P5) at ($(F2)!\frameWidth!(P1)$);
\coordinate (P6) at ($(F2)!\frameWidth!(P2)$);
\coordinate (P7) at (intersection cs: first line={(P5) -- (F1)}, second line={(P3) -- (F2)});
\coordinate (P8) at (intersection cs: first line={(P6) -- (F1)}, second line={(P4) -- (F2)});
\coordinate (P9) at ($(P2)!\viewpointDepth!(P4)$);
\coordinate (P10) at (intersection cs: first line={(P9) -- (F2)}, second line={(P6) -- (P8)});
% Sichtfeld
\coordinate (A) at ($(P5)!\projectionWidth!(P1)$);
\coordinate (B) at ($(P1)!\projectionWidth!(P5)$);
\coordinate (C) at ($(A)!\projectionDepth!(F1)$);
\coordinate (D) at (intersection cs: first line={(C) -- (F2)}, second line={(B) -- (F1)});
\coordinate (V) at ($(P9)!\viewpointCentering!(P10)$);
% Nutzfläche Schnitt
\coordinate (E) at ($(A)!\projectionHeight!(V)$);
\coordinate (F) at (intersection cs: first line={(E) -- (F2)}, second line={(V) -- (B)});
\coordinate (G) at (intersection cs: first line={(E) -- (F1)}, second line={(V) -- (C)});
\coordinate (H) at (intersection cs: first line={(F) -- (F1)}, second line={(V) -- (D)});
% nutz Sichtfeld Ebene
\coordinate (P11) at ($(E)$); %({(E)--(F2)}:2);
\coordinate (P12) at ($(F)$);
\coordinate (P13) at ($(G)$);
\coordinate (P14) at ($(H)$);
% real Sichtfeld Ebene
\coordinate (P15) at (0, -1);
\coordinate (P16) at ($(P15)!0.115!(F2)$);
\coordinate (P17) at ($(F1)!0.835!(P15)$);
\coordinate (P18) at (intersection cs: first line={(P16) -- (F1)}, second line={(P17) -- (F2)});
%Linien
\draw[rounded corners, draw=black!80, fill=yellow!80, opacity=0.5] (P15) -- (P16) -- (P18) -- (P17) -- cycle;
% Tiefe / Verlauf
\begin{scope}[opacity=0.2]
\shade[top color=gray!70,bottom color=gray!5] (P1) -- (P3) -- (P7) -- (P5);
\shade[right color=gray!70,left color=gray!5] (P5) -- (P6) -- (P8) -- (P7);
\shade[left color=gray!70,right color=gray!5] (P7) -- (P3) -- (P4) -- (P8);
\end{scope}
% Sichtfeld der Kamera
\fill [red!80, opacity=0.4] (A) -- (B) -- (D) -- (C);
\begin{scope}[thin, dashed, red]%thick, dashed, fill=red!80, opacity=1]
\draw (A) -- (V);
\draw (B) -- (V);
\draw (C) -- (V);
\draw (D) -- (V);
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[red]
\draw (A) -- (E);
\draw (B) -- (F);
\draw (D) -- (H);
\draw (C) -- (G);
\end{scope}
\draw [thin, red] (A) -- (B) -- (D) -- (C) -- (A);
\draw [thin, red] (E) -- (F) -- (H) -- (G) -- (E);
%\draw [thick, red!80] (
\begin{scope}[red!80, opacity=0.1]
\fill (A) -- (B) -- (F) -- (E);
\fill (C) -- (A) -- (E) -- (G);
\fill (D) -- (C) -- (G) -- (H);
\fill (B) -- (D) -- (H) -- (F);
\end{scope}
\draw[rounded corners, draw=black!80, fill=blue!80, opacity=0.5] (P11) -- (P12) -- (P14) -- (P13) -- cycle;
% Frame
\begin{scope}[thin, opacity=0.6]
\draw (P1) -- (P3) -- (P4) -- (P2) -- (P1) ;
\draw (P1) -- (P5) -- (P6) -- (P2) -- (P1) ;
\draw (P2) -- (P6) -- (P8) -- (P4) -- (P2) ;
\draw (P3) -- (P7) -- (P8) -- (P4) -- (P3) ;
\draw (P1) -- (P5) -- (P7) -- (P3) -- (P1) ;
\end{scope}
\draw[thin,dashed] (P9) -- (P10);
% Verbindungspunkte
\foreach \i in {1,2,...,10}
{
\shade[shading=ball, ball color=black!80] (P\i) circle (0.05em) node[above right] {}; %\tiny \i};
}
\foreach \i in {A, B,...,H}
{
\shade[shading=ball, ball color=red] (\i) circle (0.05em) node[above right] {}; %\tiny \i};
}
%Beschriftung
%\draw[fill=red] (V) circle (0.25em) node[above right] {\tiny Viewpoint};
\shade[shading=ball, ball color=red] (V) circle (0.25em) node[above right] {\tiny Betrachtungspunkt};
\draw[] (4.75,0.8) to[out=90,in=-90] (0.75,2);
\draw (4.75,0.5) node[] {\footnotesize nutzbares Sichtfeld};
\draw[] (-5.5,4.3) to[out=90,in=-90] (-0.5,4.5);
\draw (-5.5,4) node[] {\footnotesize unterer Schwellwert};
\draw[] (-5.5,0.8) to[out=90,in=-90] (-3,1.4);
\draw (-5.5,0.5) node[] {\footnotesize oberer Schwellwert};
\end{tikzpicture}
答案1
这是你想要的吗（改变值\projectionHeight会使视锥体和平面一起移动）？
\documentclass{report}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usetikzlibrary{intersections}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1]
\usetikzlibrary{calc}
%%% Parameter %%%
\pgfmathsetmacro{\frameHeight}{8}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\frameWidth}{0.92}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\frameDepth}{0.87}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\viewpointDepth}{0.5}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\viewpointCentering}{0.5}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\projectionHeight}{0.5}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\projectionWidth}{0.96}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\projectionDepth}{0.07}
% Fluchtpunkte
\coordinate (F1) at (30:50cm);
\coordinate (F2) at (150:50cm);
% Eckpunkte
\coordinate (P1) at (0cm,0cm); % v U
\coordinate (P2) at (0cm,\frameHeight); % v O
\coordinate (P3) at ($(F1)!\frameDepth!(P1)$); % h U
\coordinate (P4) at ($(F1)!\frameDepth!(P2)$); % h O
\coordinate (P5) at ($(F2)!\frameWidth!(P1)$);
\coordinate (P6) at ($(F2)!\frameWidth!(P2)$);
\coordinate (P7) at (intersection cs: first line={(P5) -- (F1)}, second line={(P3) -- (F2)});
\coordinate (P8) at (intersection cs: first line={(P6) -- (F1)}, second line={(P4) -- (F2)});
\coordinate (P9) at ($(P2)!\viewpointDepth!(P4)$);
\coordinate (P10) at (intersection cs: first line={(P9) -- (F2)}, second line={(P6) -- (P8)});
% Sichtfeld
\coordinate (A) at ($(P5)!\projectionWidth!(P1)$);
\coordinate (B) at ($(P1)!\projectionWidth!(P5)$);
\coordinate (C) at ($(A)!\projectionDepth!(F1)$);
\coordinate (D) at (intersection cs: first line={(C) -- (F2)}, second line={(B) -- (F1)});
\coordinate (V) at ($(P9)!\viewpointCentering!(P10)$);
% Nutzfläche Schnitt
\coordinate (E) at ($(A)!\projectionHeight!(V)$);
\coordinate (F) at (intersection cs: first line={(E) -- (F2)}, second line={(V) -- (B)});
\coordinate (G) at (intersection cs: first line={(E) -- (F1)}, second line={(V) -- (C)});
\coordinate (H) at (intersection cs: first line={(F) -- (F1)}, second line={(V) -- (D)});
% nutz Sichtfeld Ebene
\coordinate (P11) at ($(E)$); %({(E)--(F2)}:2);
\coordinate (P12) at ($(F)$);
\coordinate (P13) at ($(G)$);
\coordinate (P14) at ($(H)$);
% real Sichtfeld Ebene
\coordinate (P15) at (0, -1);
\coordinate (P16) at ($(P15)!0.115!(F2)$);
\coordinate (P17) at ($(F1)!0.835!(P15)$);
\coordinate (P18) at (intersection cs: first line={(P16) -- (F1)}, second line={(P17) -- (F2)});
\coordinate (P15') at (0, \projectionHeight*\frameHeight);
\coordinate (P16') at ($(P15')!0.115!(F2)$);
\coordinate (P17') at ($(F1)!0.835!(P15')$);
\coordinate (P18') at (intersection cs: first line={(P16') -- (F1)}, second line={(P17') -- (F2)});
%Linien
\draw[rounded corners, draw=black!80, fill=yellow!80, opacity=0.5] (P15) -- (P16) -- (P18) -- (P17) -- cycle;
\draw[rounded corners, draw=black!80, fill=cyan!80, opacity=0.5] (P15') -- (P16') -- (P18') -- (P17') -- cycle;
% Tiefe / Verlauf
\begin{scope}[opacity=0.2]
\shade[top color=gray!70,bottom color=gray!5] (P1) -- (P3) -- (P7) -- (P5);
\shade[right color=gray!70,left color=gray!5] (P5) -- (P6) -- (P8) -- (P7);
\shade[left color=gray!70,right color=gray!5] (P7) -- (P3) -- (P4) -- (P8);
\end{scope}
% Sichtfeld der Kamera
\fill [red!80, opacity=0.4] (A) -- (B) -- (D) -- (C);
\begin{scope}[thin, dashed, red]%thick, dashed, fill=red!80, opacity=1]
\draw (A) -- (V);
\draw (B) -- (V);
\draw (C) -- (V);
\draw (D) -- (V);
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[red]
\draw (A) -- (E);
\draw (B) -- (F);
\draw (D) -- (H);
\draw (C) -- (G);
\end{scope}
\draw [thin, red] (A) -- (B) -- (D) -- (C) -- (A);
\draw [thin, red] (E) -- (F) -- (H) -- (G) -- (E);
%\draw [thick, red!80] (
\begin{scope}[red!80, opacity=0.1]
\fill (A) -- (B) -- (F) -- (E);
\fill (C) -- (A) -- (E) -- (G);
\fill (D) -- (C) -- (G) -- (H);
\fill (B) -- (D) -- (H) -- (F);
\end{scope}
% Frame
\begin{scope}[thin, opacity=0.6]
\draw (P1) -- (P3) -- (P4) -- (P2) -- (P1) ;
\draw (P1) -- (P5) -- (P6) -- (P2) -- (P1) ;
\draw (P2) -- (P6) -- (P8) -- (P4) -- (P2) ;
\draw (P3) -- (P7) -- (P8) -- (P4) -- (P3) ;
\draw (P1) -- (P5) -- (P7) -- (P3) -- (P1) ;
\end{scope}
\draw[thin,dashed] (P9) -- (P10);
% Verbindungspunkte
\foreach \i in {1,2,...,10}
{
\shade[shading=ball, ball color=black!80] (P\i) circle (0.05em) node[above right] {}; %\tiny \i};
}
\foreach \i in {A, B,...,H}
{
\shade[shading=ball, ball color=red] (\i) circle (0.05em) node[above right] {}; %\tiny \i};
}
%Beschriftung
%\draw[fill=red] (V) circle (0.25em) node[above right] {\tiny Viewpoint};
\shade[shading=ball, ball color=red] (V) circle (0.25em) node[above right] {\tiny Betrachtungspunkt};
\draw[] (4.75,0.8) to[out=90,in=-90] (0.75,2);
\draw (4.75,0.5) node[] {\footnotesize nutzbares Sichtfeld};
\draw[] (-5.5,4.3) to[out=90,in=-90] (-0.5,4.5);
\draw (-5.5,4) node[] {\footnotesize unterer Schwellwert};
\draw[] (-5.5,0.8) to[out=90,in=-90] (-3,1.4);
\draw (-5.5,0.5) node[] {\footnotesize oberer Schwellwert};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
答案2
最终解决方案。谢谢@all
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.9]
\usetikzlibrary{calc}
%%% Parameter %%%
\pgfmathsetmacro{\frameHeight}{8}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\frameWidth}{0.92}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\frameDepth}{0.87}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\viewpointDepth}{0.5}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\viewpointCentering}{0.6}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\projectionHeight}{0.36}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\projectionWidth}{0.96}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\projectionDepth}{0.07}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\clippingPlaneHeight}{0.1}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\clippingPlaneWidth}{0.91}
%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Fluchtpunkte
\coordinate (F1) at (30:50cm);
\coordinate (F2) at (150:50cm);
% Eckpunkte
\coordinate (P1) at (0cm,0cm); % v U
\coordinate (P2) at (0cm,\frameHeight); % v O
\coordinate (P3) at ($(F1)!\frameDepth!(P1)$); % h U
\coordinate (P4) at ($(F1)!\frameDepth!(P2)$); % h O
\coordinate (P5) at ($(F2)!\frameWidth!(P1)$);
\coordinate (P6) at ($(F2)!\frameWidth!(P2)$);
\coordinate (P7) at (intersection cs: first line={(P5) -- (F1)}, second line={(P3) -- (F2)});
\coordinate (P8) at (intersection cs: first line={(P6) -- (F1)}, second line={(P4) -- (F2)});
\coordinate (P9) at ($(P2)!\viewpointDepth!(P4)$);
\coordinate (P10) at (intersection cs: first line={(P9) -- (F2)}, second line={(P6) -- (P8)});
% Sichtfeld
\coordinate (A) at ($(P5)!\projectionWidth!(P1)$);
\coordinate (B) at ($(P1)!\projectionWidth!(P5)$);
\coordinate (C) at ($(A)!\projectionDepth!(F1)$);
\coordinate (D) at (intersection cs: first line={(C) -- (F2)}, second line={(B) -- (F1)});
\coordinate (V) at ($(P9)!\viewpointCentering!(P10)$);
% Nutzfläche Schnitt
\coordinate (E) at ($(A)!\projectionHeight!(V)$);
\coordinate (F) at (intersection cs: first line={(E) -- (F2)}, second line={(V) -- (B)});
\coordinate (G) at (intersection cs: first line={(E) -- (F1)}, second line={(V) -- (C)});
\coordinate (H) at (intersection cs: first line={(F) -- (F1)}, second line={(V) -- (D)});
% nutz Sichtfeld Ebene
\coordinate (P11) at (0, \projectionHeight*\frameHeight-0.5);
\coordinate (P12) at ($(P11)!\clippingPlaneHeight!(F2)$);
\coordinate (P13) at ($(F1)!\clippingPlaneWidth!(P11)$);
\coordinate (P14) at at (intersection cs: first line={(P12) -- (F1)}, second line={(P13) -- (F2)});
% real Sichtfeld Ebene
\coordinate (P15) at (0, -0.5);
\coordinate (P16) at ($(P15)!\clippingPlaneHeight!(F2)$);
\coordinate (P17) at ($(F1)!\clippingPlaneWidth!(P15)$);
\coordinate (P18) at (intersection cs: first line={(P16) -- (F1)}, second line={(P17) -- (F2)});
% Hilfspunkte Höhe Ebene
\coordinate (P19) at (0, \projectionHeight*\frameHeight);
\coordinate (P20) at ($(F2)!\frameWidth!(P19)$);
%Linien
\draw[rounded corners, draw=black, fill=yellow!30, opacity=0.7] (P15) -- (P16) -- (P18) -- (P17) -- cycle;
% Tiefe / Verlauf
\begin{scope}[opacity=0.1]
\shade[top color=gray!70,bottom color=gray!5] (P1) -- (P3) -- (P7) -- (P5);
\shade[right color=gray!70,left color=gray!5] (P5) -- (P6) -- (P8) -- (P7);
\shade[left color=gray!70,right color=gray!5] (P7) -- (P3) -- (P4) -- (P8);
\end{scope}
%Frustum
\begin{scope}[red!80]
\draw (A) -- (E);
\draw (B) -- (F);
\draw (D) -- (H);
\draw (C) -- (G);
\end{scope}
%Frame Unterteil + Hinterteil
\draw[thick, color=black!25] (P3) -- (P7) -- (P8) (P5) -- (P7);
\draw[thick, color=black!40] (P20) -- (P5) -- (P1) -- (P19);
% Sichtfeld der Kamera
\fill [red!80, opacity=0.3] (A) -- (B) -- (D) -- (C);
\fill [red!80, opacity=0.4] (E) -- (F) -- (H) -- (G);
\draw [thin, red!80] (A) -- (B) -- (D) -- (C) -- (A);
\draw [thin, red] (E) -- (F) -- (H) -- (G) -- (E);
%\draw [thick, red!80] (
\begin{scope}[red!80, opacity=0.1]
\fill (A) -- (B) -- (F) -- (E);
\fill (C) -- (A) -- (E) -- (G);
\fill (D) -- (C) -- (G) -- (H);
\fill (B) -- (D) -- (H) -- (F);
\end{scope}
\draw[rounded corners, draw=black, fill=blue!25, opacity=0.7] (P11) -- (P12) -- (P14) -- (P13) -- cycle;
\begin{scope}[thin, dashed, red!80]%thick, dashed, fill=red!80, opacity=1]
\draw (E) -- (V);
\draw (F) -- (V);
\draw (G) -- (V);
\draw (H) -- (V);
%\draw (F1) -- (F3);
%\draw (F2) -- (F4);
\end{scope}
% Frame Oberteil
\draw[thick,color=black!40] (P19) -- (P2) (P3) -- (P4) (P20) -- (P6)
(P1) -- (P3) (P2) -- (P4) (P2)--(P6) (P6) -- (P8) -- (P4);
\draw[thin,dashed, color=black !70] (P9) -- (P10);
% Verbindungspunkte
\foreach \i in {1,2,..., 10} %20}
{
%\shade[shading=ball, ball color=black!80] (P\i) circle (0.05em) node[above right] {}; %\tiny \i};
}
\foreach \i in {A, B,...,H}
{
%\shade[shading=ball, ball color=red!] (\i) circle (0.05em) node[above right] {}; %\tiny \i};
}
%Beschriftung
%\draw[fill=red] (V) circle (0.25em) node[above right] {\tiny Viewpoint};
\shade[shading=ball, ball color=red!80] (V) circle (0.25em) node[above right] {\footnotesize Kamera};
%\draw (-1.1,9.3) node[] {\footnotesize Kamera};
\draw[thin, -to] (4.75,0.8) to[out=135,in=-45] (0.75,2);
\draw (4.75,0.5) node[] {\footnotesize nutzbares Sichtfeld};
\draw[thin, -to] (-5.5,3.6) to[out=45,in=-135] (-3,4.2);
\draw (-5.5,3.2) node[] {\footnotesize unterer Schwellwert};
\draw[thin, -to] (-5.5,0.9) to[out=45,in=-135] (-3,1.5);
\draw (-5.5,0.5) node[] {\footnotesize oberer Schwellwert};
\end{tikzpicture}
答案3
这是一种使用 3D 坐标的方法，这样您就可以直接计算蓝色矩形的角，而不需要裁剪。您可以更改顶点的高度（\vertexheight）、蓝色矩形的高度百分比（\posalongpath）以及坐标轴的方向和长度（\Cangle和\Clength）
代码
\documentclass[tikz]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{calc}
\begin{document}
\newcommand{\xangle}{7}
\newcommand{\yangle}{138}
\newcommand{\zangle}{90}
\newcommand{\xlength}{1}
\newcommand{\ylength}{1}
\newcommand{\zlength}{1}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\xx}{\xlength*cos(\xangle)}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\xy}{\xlength*sin(\xangle)}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\yx}{\ylength*cos(\yangle)}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\yy}{\ylength*sin(\yangle)}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\zx}{\zlength*cos(\zangle)}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\zy}{\zlength*sin(\zangle)}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\posalongpath}{0.37}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\vertexheight}{5}
\begin{tikzpicture}[x={(\xx cm,\xy cm)}, y={(\yx cm,\yy cm)}, z={(\zx cm,\zy cm)}]
\coordinate (A) at (0,0,0);
\coordinate (B) at (3,0,0);
\coordinate (C) at (3,3,0);
\coordinate (D) at (0,3,0);
\coordinate (V) at (2,2,\vertexheight);
\path (A) -- (V) coordinate[pos=\posalongpath] (A-V);
\path (B) -- (V) coordinate[pos=\posalongpath] (B-V);
\path (C) -- (V) coordinate[pos=\posalongpath] (C-V);
\path (D) -- (V) coordinate[pos=\posalongpath] (D-V);
\pgfmathsetmacro{\blueheight}{\posalongpath*\vertexheight}
\coordinate (A1) at ($(A-V) + (0,0,-\blueheight)$);
\coordinate (B1) at ($(B-V) + (0,0,-\blueheight)$);
\coordinate (C1) at ($(C-V) + (0,0,-\blueheight)$);
\coordinate (D1) at ($(D-V) + (0,0,-\blueheight)$);
\fill[red,opacity=0.5,draw=red!80!black,thick] (A) -- (B) -- (C) -- (D) -- cycle;
\fill[yellow,opacity=0.5,draw=red!80!black,thick] (A1) -- (B1) -- (C1) -- (D1) -- cycle;
\draw[red!50!black] (A) -- (A-V) (B) -- (B-V) (C) -- (C-V) (D) -- (D-V);
\draw[blue!50!yellow,densely dashed] (A1) -- (A-V) (B1) -- (B-V) (C1) -- (C-V) (D1) -- (D-V);
\fill[blue,opacity=0.5,draw=blue!80!black,thick] (A-V) -- (B-V) -- (C-V) -- (D-V) -- cycle;
\draw[red!50!black,densely dashed] (V) -- (A-V) (V) -- (B-V) (V) -- (C-V) (V) -- (D-V);
\fill[red,opacity=0.2] (A) -- (B) -- (B-V) -- (A-V) -- (D-V) -- (D) -- cycle;
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
输出
交替输出
\newcommand{\xangle}{45}
\newcommand{\yangle}{150}
\newcommand{\zangle}{90}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\posalongpath}{0.12}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\vertexheight}{7}
