我有一个相对复杂的表格，如下所示：
相同的表格结构会重复很多次。我已经在 MS Word 中有了表格。我的问题是，是否有一种简单的方法可以在表格代码中填充数据？
代码如下：
\documentclass[12pt]{report}
\usepackage{color}
\usepackage[usenames,dvipsnames,svgnames,table]{xcolor}
\usepackage{multirow}
%This will change the font for all the tables in the document.
\makeatletter
\g@addto@macro{\table[ht]}{\fontsize{9pt}{10.8pt}\selectfont}
\makeatother
\begin{document}
\begin{table}[ht]
\newcolumntype{Z}{>{\centering\arraybackslash}m{4.11in}}
\newcolumntype{Y}{>{\centering\arraybackslash\columncolor{Gainsboro}}c}
\renewcommand*{\arraystretch}{1.2}
\centering
\caption{Experiences in practical Physics work}
\begin{tabular}{|c|Y|c|c|c|c|c|c|}
\hline
& & \multicolumn{3}{c}{\emph{\textbf{\%}}} & \multicolumn{3}{|c|}{\emph{\textbf{Comparisons}}} \\
\hline \rowcolor{Gainsboro} {\textbf{Group}}& {\textbf{N}} & \textbf{positive} & \textbf{neutral} & \textbf{negative} & \textbf{$\chi^2$} & \textbf{df} & \textbf{p} \\
\hline
\rowcolor{Gainsboro}{\emph{Q1 (a)}} & \multicolumn{7}{Z|}{I prefer to have written instructions for experiments} \\
\hline
\cellcolor{PowderBlue}\emph{University group} & {150} & 73 & 7 & 20 & \multirow{2}{*}{0.9} & \multirow{2}{*}{4} & \multirow{2}{*}{ns} \\
\cline{1-5}
\cellcolor{YellowGreen}\emph{School group} & {150} & 70 & 8 & 22 & & & \\
\hline
\rowcolor{Gainsboro}{\emph{Q1 (b)}} & \multicolumn{7}{Z|}{Practical work helps my understanding of Physics topics} \\
\hline
\cellcolor{PowderBlue}\emph{University group} & {150} & 34 & 11 & 55 & \multirow{2}{*}{3.9} & \multirow{2}{*}{4} & \multirow{2}{*}{ns} \\
\cline{1-5}
\cellcolor{YellowGreen}\emph{School group} & {150} & 38 & 7 & 55 & & & \\
\hline
\rowcolor{Gainsboro}{\emph{Q1 (c)}} & \multicolumn{7}{Z|}{Discussions in the laboratory enhance my understanding of the subject} \\
\hline
\cellcolor{PowderBlue}\emph{University group} & {150} & 70 & 8 & 22 & \multirow{2}{*}{2.4} & \multirow{2}{*}{4} & \multirow{2}{*}{ns} \\
\cline{1-5}
\cellcolor{YellowGreen}\emph{School group} & {150} & 65 & 10 & 25 & & & \\
\hline
\rowcolor{Gainsboro}{\emph{Q1 (d)}} & \multicolumn{7}{Z|}{I felt confident in carrying out the experiments in Physics} \\
\hline
\cellcolor{PowderBlue}\emph{University group} & {150} & 52 & 12 & 36 & \multirow{2}{*}{13.7} & \multirow{2}{*}{4} & \multirow{2}{*}{< 0.05} \\
\cline{1-5}
\cellcolor{YellowGreen}\emph{School group} & {150} & 44 & 15 & 41 & & & \\
\hline
\rowcolor{Gainsboro}{\emph{Q1 (e)}} & \multicolumn{7}{Z|}{The experimental procedure was clearly explained in the instructions given} \\
\hline
\cellcolor{PowderBlue}\emph{University group} & {150} & 31 & 14 & 55 & \multirow{2}{*}{14.8} & \multirow{2}{*}{4} & \multirow{2}{*}{< 0.01} \\
\cline{1-5}
\cellcolor{YellowGreen}\emph{School group} & {150} & 46 & 11 & 43 & & & \\
\hline
\rowcolor{Gainsboro}{\emph{Q1 (f)}} & \multicolumn{7}{Z|}{I was so confused in the laboratory that I ended up following the instructions without understanding what I was doing} \\
\hline
\cellcolor{PowderBlue}\emph{University group} & {150} & 63 & 12 & 25 & \multirow{2}{*}{1.1} & \multirow{2}{*}{4} & \multirow{2}{*}{ns} \\
\cline{1-5}
\cellcolor{YellowGreen}\emph{School group} & {150} & 65 & 9 & 26 & & & \\
\hline
\rowcolor{Gainsboro}{\emph{Q1 (g)}} & \multicolumn{7}{Z|}{There was good linkage between experiments and the relevant theory} \\
\hline
\cellcolor{PowderBlue}\emph{University group} & {150} & 36 & 15 & 49 & \multirow{2}{*}{94.4} & \multirow{2}{*}{4} & \multirow{2}{*}{<0.001} \\
\cline{1-5}
\cellcolor{YellowGreen}\emph{School group} & {150} & 68 & 11 & 21 & & & \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\label{ch7:tab:experiencesinpracticalphysics}
\end{table}
\end{document}
我知道我不应该问两个问题，但这个问题很小：如何使单个单元格透明？
编辑：我将其设为 MWE，这里是另一个具有相同结构但不同数据的表：
答案1
真正需要弄清楚的最大问题是如何是否要指定数据。这里我定义了一个\Data接受四个必需参数的宏：
- 问题内容，
- 第一组的标签及其数据，
- 第二组的标签及其数据，以及
- 对比数据
为了简化事情，我决定使用&分隔符，因为这就是tabular需要的（参见进一步增强下文）。因此，例如第一组数据定义为：
\Data{I prefer to have written instructions for experiments}
{\UGroup & 150 & 73 & 7 & 20}
{\SGroup & 150 & 70 & 8 & 22}
{0.9 & 4 & \NS}
从中可以看出，我为标签\UGroup和定义了宏\SGroup。在自定义环境中以这种方式指定数据MyTabular可得出：
笔记：
- 包裹
collcell用于自动将最后三列放置在内\multirow{2}{*}{<data>}。 - 为了确保上述内容
\multirow仅在标题完成后才应用，我使用newtoggle了包裹etoolbox因为我更喜欢那个语法而不是\newif语法。但如果你不想包含额外的包，那么调整它以使用\newif或其他一些条件方法 - 定义宏
\UGroup和\SGroup标签不仅使其更具可读性，而且还提供了额外的灵活性，以防您决定稍后对其进行调整。 - 我将您的自定义
\arraystretch和\fontsize移至MyTabular环境内，以便调整仅在内产生影响MyTabular。 - 两个计数器
QuestionCount和QuestionSubCount用于自动标记表格和每行数据。您可以根据需要调整这些的格式。 - 环境
MyTabular接受可选的（即在方括号内）第一个参数来覆盖每行的标签。默认为Q<n>从<n>1 开始增加整数值。
参考：
- 我没有解决你的浮动问题，因为这个问题可能在其他地方有更好的解释。例如如何影响 LaTeX 中图形和表格等浮动环境的位置？
- 你还应该查看包裹
booktabs获得更多表格格式选项。
进一步增强：
- 也许最好不要使用
&逗号分隔列表作为分隔符。但应该注意的是，这是不是根本没有看上去那么简单。
代码：
\documentclass[12pt]{report}
\usepackage{color}
\usepackage[usenames,dvipsnames,svgnames,table]{xcolor}
\usepackage{multirow}
\usepackage{pgffor}
\usepackage{collcell}
\newtoggle{DoneWithHeader}
\newcommand{\MyMultiRow}[1]{%
\iftoggle{DoneWithHeader}{%
\multirow{2}{*}{#1}% no longer in header
}{%
#1% still in header so do not apply \multirow
}%
}
\newcolumntype{M}{>{\collectcell\MyMultiRow}{l}<{\endcollectcell}}
\newcolumntype{Z}{>{\centering\arraybackslash}m{4.11in}}
\newcolumntype{Y}{>{\centering\arraybackslash\columncolor{Gainsboro}}c}
\newcounter{QuestionCount}
\newcommand*{\QuestionGroup}{}
\newenvironment{MyTabular}[2][Q\arabic{QuestionCount}]{%
% #1 = Question Group: Defaults to "Q<n>"
% #2 = usual tabular column specification
\stepcounter{QuestionCount}% increment for subsequent tables
\setcounter{QuestionSubCount}{0}% ensure we start at (a) for subsequent tables
\xdef\QuestionGroup{#1}
\renewcommand*{\arraystretch}{1.2}
\fontsize{9pt}{10.8pt}\selectfont
\global\togglefalse{DoneWithHeader}% not yet done with header
\begin{tabular}{#2}
\hline% Print header rows
& & \multicolumn{3}{c}{\emph{\textbf{\%}}} &
\multicolumn{3}{|c|}{\emph{\textbf{Comparisons}}} \\
\hline
\rowcolor{Gainsboro} {\textbf{Group}}& {\textbf{N}} & \textbf{positive} &
\textbf{neutral} & \textbf{negative} & \textbf{$\chi^2$} & \textbf{df} &
\textbf{p} \global\toggletrue{DoneWithHeader}\\
\hline
}{%
\end{tabular}%
}
\newcounter{QuestionSubCount}
\newcommand*{\Data}[4]{%
% #1 = Question Text
% #2 = Univerity group numbers
% #3 = School Group Numbers
% #4 = Comparrisons
%
\hline
\rowcolor{Gainsboro}{%
\stepcounter{QuestionSubCount}
\emph{\QuestionGroup~(\alph{QuestionSubCount})}%
} &
\multicolumn{7}{Z|}{#1} \\
\hline
#2 & #4\\
\cline{1-5}
#3 &&&\\\hline
}%
\newcommand{\UGroup}{{\cellcolor{PowderBlue}\emph{University group}}}%
\newcommand{\SGroup}{{\cellcolor{YellowGreen}\emph{School group}}}%
\newcommand{\NS}{ns}%
\begin{document}
\begin{MyTabular}{|c|Y|c|c|c|M|M|M|}
\Data{I prefer to have written instructions for experiments}
{\UGroup & 150 & 73 & 7 & 20}
{\SGroup & 150 & 70 & 8 & 22}
{0.9 & 4 & \NS}
\Data{Practical work helps my understanding of Physics topics}
{\UGroup&150&34&11&55}
{\SGroup&150&38&7&55}
{3.9&4&\NS}
\Data{Discussions in the laboratory enhance my understanding of the subject}
{\UGroup&150&70&8&22}
{\SGroup&150&65&10&25}
{2.4&4&\NS}
\Data{I felt confident in carrying out the experiments in Physics}
{\UGroup&150&52&12&36}
{\SGroup&150&44&15&41}
{13.7&4&\NS}
\Data{The experimental procedure was clearly explained in the instructions given}
{\UGroup&150&31&14&55}
{\SGroup&150&46&11&43}
{14.8&4&\NS}
\Data{I was so confused in the laboratory that I ended up following the instructions without understanding what I was doing}
{\UGroup&150&63&12&25}
{\SGroup&150&65&9&26}
{1.1&4&\NS}
\Data{There was good linkage between experiments and the relevant theory}
{\UGroup&150&36&15&49}
{\SGroup&150&68&11&21}
{94.4&4&$<0.001$}
\end{MyTabular}
\bigskip\bigskip
\begin{MyTabular}{|c|Y|c|c|c|M|M|M|}
\Data{Is practucal work useful}
{\UGroup&150&41&31&28}
{\SGroup&150&41&32&27}
{14.8&4&\NS}
\Data{Is practucal work helpful}
{\UGroup&150&45&25&30}
{\SGroup&150&47&23&30}
{14.8&4&\NS}
\end{MyTabular}
\end{document}