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绘制年份函数数字的适当方法是什么？

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绘制年份函数数字的适当方法是什么？

我正在尝试绘制不同实体的年份函数中某个数字。在这个例子中，它是不同机构每年的月球任务数量。到目前为止，我得出的结论如下：

剧情到现在为止。

相关代码为：

\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[
             width=0.8\textwidth,
             height=0.25\textheight,
             stack plots=y,
             area style,
             xlabel={Year},             
             ylabel={Number of missions},
             enlarge x limits=false,             
             enlarge y limits=upper,                      
             legend pos=outer north east,
             x tick label style={/pgf/number format/1000 sep=},                   ] 
% USA
\addplot coordinates
{(1958,4) (1959,3) (1960,2) (1962,3) (1963,0)
 (1964,2) (1965,2) (1966,4) (1967,7) (1968,2)
 (1969,3) (1970,2) (1971,3) (1972,3) (1973,0)
 (1974,0) (1975,0) (1976,0)
 (1977,0) (1978,0) (1979,0) (1980,0) (1981,0)
 (1982,0) (1983,0) (1984,0) (1985,0) (1986,0)  
 (1987,0) (1988,0) (1989,0) 
 (1990,0) (1991,0) (1992,0) (1993,0) (1994,1)
 (1995,0) (1996,0) (1997,0) (1998,1)
 (1999,0) (2000,0) (2001,0) (2002,0)
 (2003,0) (2004,0) (2005,0) (2006,0) (2007,0)
 (2008,0) (2009,3) (2010,0)
 (2011,1) } \closedcycle; 
 \addlegendentry{USA}
% Soviets/Russia
\addplot coordinates
{(1958,3) (1959,4) (1960,2) (1962,0) (1963,3)
 (1964,2) (1965,7) (1966,6) (1967,0) (1968,4)
 (1969,5) (1970,5) (1971,2) (1972,1) (1973,2)
 (1974,2) (1975,0) (1976,1)
 (1977,0) (1978,0) (1979,0) (1980,0) (1981,0)
 (1982,0) (1983,0) (1984,0) (1985,0) (1986,0)  
 (1987,0) (1988,0) (1989,0)
 (1990,0) (1991,0) (1992,0) (1993,0) (1994,0)
 (1995,0) (1996,0) (1997,0) (1998,0)
 (1999,0) (2000,0) (2001,0) (2002,0)
 (2003,0) (2004,0) (2005,0) (2006,0) (2007,0)
 (2008,0) (2009,0) (2010,0)
 (2011,0) } \closedcycle; 
 \addlegendentry{Russia}

% Japan 
 \addplot coordinates
{(1958,0) (1959,0) (1960,0) (1962,0) (1963,0)
 (1964,0) (1965,0) (1966,0) (1967,0) (1968,0)
 (1969,0) (1970,0) (1971,0) (1972,0) (1973,0)
 (1974,0) (1975,0) (1976,0) 
 (1977,0) (1978,0) (1979,0) (1980,0) (1981,0)
 (1982,0) (1983,0) (1984,0) (1985,0) (1986,0)  
 (1987,0) (1988,0) (1989,0) 
 (1990,1) (1991,0) (1992,0) (1993,0) (1994,0)
 (1995,0) (1996,0) (1997,0) (1998,0)
 (1999,0) (2000,0) (2001,0) (2002,0)
 (2003,0) (2004,0) (2005,0) (2006,0) (2007,1)
 (2008,0) (2009,0) (2010,0)
 (2011,0) } \closedcycle; 
 \addlegendentry{Japan}
% ESA 
 \addplot coordinates
{(1958,0) (1959,0) (1960,0) (1962,0) (1963,0)
 (1964,0) (1965,0) (1966,0) (1967,0) (1968,0)
 (1969,0) (1970,0) (1971,0) (1972,0) (1973,0)
 (1974,0) (1975,0) (1976,0) 
 (1977,0) (1978,0) (1979,0) (1980,0) (1981,0)
 (1982,0) (1983,0) (1984,0) (1985,0) (1986,0)  
 (1987,0) (1988,0) (1989,0)
 (1990,0) (1991,0) (1992,0) (1993,0) (1994,0)
 (1995,0) (1996,0) (1997,0) (1998,0)
 (1999,0) (2000,0) (2001,0) (2002,0)
 (2003,1) (2004,0) (2005,0) (2006,0) (2007,0)
 (2008,0) (2009,0) (2010,0)
 (2011,0) } \closedcycle; 
 \addlegendentry{Europe}
% China 
 \addplot coordinates
{(1958,0) (1959,0) (1960,0) (1962,0) (1963,0)
 (1964,0) (1965,0) (1966,0) (1967,0) (1968,0)
 (1969,0) (1970,0) (1971,0) (1972,0) (1973,0)
 (1974,0) (1975,0) (1976,0)
 (1977,0) (1978,0) (1979,0) (1980,0) (1981,0)
 (1982,0) (1983,0) (1984,0) (1985,0) (1986,0)  
 (1987,0) (1988,0) (1989,0)
 (1990,0) (1991,0) (1992,0) (1993,0) (1994,0)
 (1995,0) (1996,0) (1997,0) (1998,0)
 (1999,0) (2000,0) (2001,0) (2002,0)
 (2003,0) (2004,0) (2005,0) (2006,0) (2007,1)
 (2008,0) (2009,0) (2010,1)
 (2011,0) } \closedcycle; 
 \addlegendentry{China}
% India 
 \addplot coordinates
{(1958,0) (1959,0) (1960,0) (1962,0) (1963,0)
 (1964,0) (1965,0) (1966,0) (1967,0) (1968,0)
 (1969,0) (1970,0) (1971,0) (1972,0) (1973,0)
 (1974,0) (1975,0) (1976,0)
 (1977,0) (1978,0) (1979,0) (1980,0) (1981,0)
 (1982,0) (1983,0) (1984,0) (1985,0) (1986,0)  
 (1987,0) (1988,0) (1989,0)
 (1990,0) (1991,0) (1992,0) (1993,0) (1994,0)
 (1995,0) (1996,0) (1997,0) (1998,0)
 (1999,0) (2000,0) (2001,0) (2002,0)
 (2003,0) (2004,0) (2005,0) (2006,0) (2007,0)
 (2008,2) (2009,0) (2010,0)
 (2011,0) } \closedcycle; 
 \addlegendentry{India}
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}

然而，我发现这种表示非常不合适，尽管这是我能想到的最好的表示。如果每年只有一个条目，就会形成这个奇怪的三角形。此外，有些部分看起来是错误的，比如印度的情节。

绘制此图的适当方法是什么？

答案1

对于像这样的小数字，每个事件使用一个符号可能是一个好主意：

我使用 Matlab 通过以下脚本将数据调整为合适的格式（data假设包含表格数据，第一列为年份，连续列为任务数量）：

numberOfCountries = size(data,2)-1;
Launches=data(:,2:end);

baseLevels = cumsum(Launches,2);
baseLevels = [ zeros(length(data),1) baseLevels];

maxLaunches = max(sum(Launches));
cumLaunches = [zeros(1,numberOfCountries); cumsum(Launches)];

Years=nan(maxLaunches,size(data,2)-1);
Levels=Years;

for country = 1:numberOfCountries
   for j = 1:length(Launches)
       Years(cumLaunches(j,country)+1:cumLaunches(j+1,country),country) = ...
           repmat(data(j,1),Launches(j,country),1);
       Levels(cumLaunches(j,country)+1:cumLaunches(j+1,country),country) = ...
           baseLevels(j,country) + (1:Launches(j,country))';
   end
end

a=Years';
b=Levels';
Output=reshape([a(:) b(:)]',2*size(a,1), [])';

然后可以将输出写入文件或直接用作文档中的表格.tex：

\documentclass[border=5mm]{standalone}

\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usetikzlibrary{decorations.shapes}
\begin{document}
\definecolor{Color1}{RGB}{55, 126, 184}
\definecolor{Color2}{RGB}{228, 26, 28}
\definecolor{Color3}{RGB}{77, 175, 74}
\definecolor{Color4}{RGB}{152, 78, 163}
\definecolor{Color5}{RGB}{255, 127, 0}
\definecolor{Color6}{RGB}{255, 255, 51}

\pgfplotstableread{
USAyear USAlevel    Russiayear Russialevel  Japanyear Japanlevel    Europeyear Europelevel  Chinayear Chinalevel    Indiayear Indialevel
1958    1   1958    5   1989    1   2002    1   2006    2   2007    1
1958    2   1958    6   2006    1   NaN NaN 2009    1   2007    2
1958    3   1958    7   NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN
1958    4   1959    4   NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN
1959    1   1959    5   NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN
1959    2   1959    6   NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN
1959    3   1959    7   NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN
1960    1   1960    3   NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN
1960    2   1960    4   NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN
1961    1   1962    1   NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN
1961    2   1962    2   NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN
1961    3   1962    3   NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN
1963    1   1963    3   NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN
1963    2   1963    4   NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN
1964    1   1964    3   NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN
1964    2   1964    4   NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN
1965    1   1964    5   NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN
1965    2   1964    6   NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN
1965    3   1964    7   NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN
1965    4   1964    8   NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN
1966    1   1964    9   NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN
1966    2   1965    5   NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN
1966    3   1965    6   NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN
1966    4   1965    7   NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN
1966    5   1965    8   NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN
1966    6   1965    9   NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN
1966    7   1965    10  NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN
1967    1   1967    3   NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN
1967    2   1967    4   NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN
1968    1   1967    5   NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN
1968    2   1967    6   NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN
1968    3   1968    4   NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN
1969    1   1968    5   NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN
1969    2   1968    6   NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN
1970    1   1968    7   NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN
1970    2   1968    8   NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN
1970    3   1969    3   NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN
1971    1   1969    4   NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN
1971    2   1969    5   NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN
1971    3   1969    6   NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN
1993    1   1969    7   NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN
1997    1   1970    4   NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN
2008    1   1970    5   NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN
2008    2   1971    4   NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN
2008    3   1972    1   NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN
2010    1   1972    2   NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN
NaN NaN 1973    1   NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN
NaN NaN 1973    2   NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN
NaN NaN 1975    1   NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN
}\datatable



\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[
    compat=1.6,
    y=3mm,
    x=3mm,
    xmin=1957, xmax=2011,
    ymin=0,
    only marks, mark size=4, every axis plot post/.style={draw=black},
    y filter/.code=\pgfmathparse{#1-0.5},
    xlabel={Year},             
    ylabel={Number of missions},           
    enlarge y limits=upper,                      
    legend pos=outer north east,
    x tick label style={/pgf/number format/1000 sep=},
    xtick align=outside,
] 
% USA
\addplot [Color1] table [x=USAyear, y=USAlevel] {\datatable};
\addlegendentry{USA}
\addplot [Color2] table [x=Russiayear, y=Russialevel] {\datatable};
\addlegendentry{Russia}
\addplot [Color3] table [x=Japanyear, y=Japanlevel] {\datatable};
\addlegendentry{Japan}
\addplot [Color4] table [x=Europeyear, y=Europelevel] {\datatable};
\addlegendentry{Europe}
\addplot [Color5] table [x=Chinayear, y=Chinalevel] {\datatable};
\addlegendentry{China}
\addplot [Color6] table [x=Indiayear, y=Indialevel] {\datatable};
\addlegendentry{India}
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

答案2

我想到了这个，虽然我认为它远非完美，但还不错。

改进的图表。

\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[
             width=0.8\textwidth,
             height=0.25\textheight,
             ybar stacked,
             ytick={0,1,...,10},            
             %stack plots=y,
             %area style,
             xlabel={Year},             
             ylabel={Number of missions},
             enlarge x limits=0.05,             
             enlarge y limits=upper,                      
             legend pos=outer north east,
             x tick label style={/pgf/number format/1000 sep=},                  
             bar width=3pt, ] 
% USA
\addplot coordinates
{(1958,4) (1959,3) (1960,2) (1962,3) (1963,0)
 (1964,2) (1965,2) (1966,4) (1967,7) (1968,2)
 (1969,3) (1970,2) (1971,3) (1972,3) (1973,0)
 (1974,0) (1975,0) (1976,0)
 (1977,0) (1978,0) (1979,0) (1980,0) (1981,0)
 (1982,0) (1983,0) (1984,0) (1985,0) (1986,0)  
 (1987,0) (1988,0) (1989,0) 
 (1990,0) (1991,0) (1992,0) (1993,0) (1994,1)
 (1995,0) (1996,0) (1997,0) (1998,1)
 (1999,0) (2000,0) (2001,0) (2002,0)
 (2003,0) (2004,0) (2005,0) (2006,0) (2007,0)
 (2008,0) (2009,3) (2010,0)
 (2011,1) } ;% \closedcycle; 
 \addlegendentry{USA}
% Soviets/Russia
\addplot coordinates
{(1958,3) (1959,4) (1960,2) (1962,0) (1963,3)
 (1964,2) (1965,7) (1966,6) (1967,0) (1968,4)
 (1969,5) (1970,5) (1971,2) (1972,1) (1973,2)
 (1974,2) (1975,0) (1976,1)
 (1977,0) (1978,0) (1979,0) (1980,0) (1981,0)
 (1982,0) (1983,0) (1984,0) (1985,0) (1986,0)  
 (1987,0) (1988,0) (1989,0)
 (1990,0) (1991,0) (1992,0) (1993,0) (1994,0)
 (1995,0) (1996,0) (1997,0) (1998,0)
 (1999,0) (2000,0) (2001,0) (2002,0)
 (2003,0) (2004,0) (2005,0) (2006,0) (2007,0)
 (2008,0) (2009,0) (2010,0)
 (2011,0) } ;% \closedcycle; 
 \addlegendentry{Russia}

% Japan 
 \addplot coordinates
{(1958,0) (1959,0) (1960,0) (1962,0) (1963,0)
 (1964,0) (1965,0) (1966,0) (1967,0) (1968,0)
 (1969,0) (1970,0) (1971,0) (1972,0) (1973,0)
 (1974,0) (1975,0) (1976,0) 
 (1977,0) (1978,0) (1979,0) (1980,0) (1981,0)
 (1982,0) (1983,0) (1984,0) (1985,0) (1986,0)  
 (1987,0) (1988,0) (1989,0) 
 (1990,1) (1991,0) (1992,0) (1993,0) (1994,0)
 (1995,0) (1996,0) (1997,0) (1998,0)
 (1999,0) (2000,0) (2001,0) (2002,0)
 (2003,0) (2004,0) (2005,0) (2006,0) (2007,1)
 (2008,0) (2009,0) (2010,0)
 (2011,0) } ;% \closedcycle; 
 \addlegendentry{Japan}
% ESA 
 \addplot coordinates
{(1958,0) (1959,0) (1960,0) (1962,0) (1963,0)
 (1964,0) (1965,0) (1966,0) (1967,0) (1968,0)
 (1969,0) (1970,0) (1971,0) (1972,0) (1973,0)
 (1974,0) (1975,0) (1976,0) 
 (1977,0) (1978,0) (1979,0) (1980,0) (1981,0)
 (1982,0) (1983,0) (1984,0) (1985,0) (1986,0)  
 (1987,0) (1988,0) (1989,0)
 (1990,0) (1991,0) (1992,0) (1993,0) (1994,0)
 (1995,0) (1996,0) (1997,0) (1998,0)
 (1999,0) (2000,0) (2001,0) (2002,0)
 (2003,1) (2004,0) (2005,0) (2006,0) (2007,0)
 (2008,0) (2009,0) (2010,0)
 (2011,0) } ;% \closedcycle; 
 \addlegendentry{Europe}
% China 
 \addplot coordinates
{(1958,0) (1959,0) (1960,0) (1962,0) (1963,0)
 (1964,0) (1965,0) (1966,0) (1967,0) (1968,0)
 (1969,0) (1970,0) (1971,0) (1972,0) (1973,0)
 (1974,0) (1975,0) (1976,0)
 (1977,0) (1978,0) (1979,0) (1980,0) (1981,0)
 (1982,0) (1983,0) (1984,0) (1985,0) (1986,0)  
 (1987,0) (1988,0) (1989,0)
 (1990,0) (1991,0) (1992,0) (1993,0) (1994,0)
 (1995,0) (1996,0) (1997,0) (1998,0)
 (1999,0) (2000,0) (2001,0) (2002,0)
 (2003,0) (2004,0) (2005,0) (2006,0) (2007,1)
 (2008,0) (2009,0) (2010,1)
 (2011,0) } ;% \closedcycle; 
 \addlegendentry{China}
% India 
 \addplot coordinates
{(1958,0) (1959,0) (1960,0) (1962,0) (1963,0)
 (1964,0) (1965,0) (1966,0) (1967,0) (1968,0)
 (1969,0) (1970,0) (1971,0) (1972,0) (1973,0)
 (1974,0) (1975,0) (1976,0)
 (1977,0) (1978,0) (1979,0) (1980,0) (1981,0)
 (1982,0) (1983,0) (1984,0) (1985,0) (1986,0)  
 (1987,0) (1988,0) (1989,0)
 (1990,0) (1991,0) (1992,0) (1993,0) (1994,0)
 (1995,0) (1996,0) (1997,0) (1998,0)
 (1999,0) (2000,0) (2001,0) (2002,0)
 (2003,0) (2004,0) (2005,0) (2006,0) (2007,0)
 (2008,2) (2009,0) (2010,0)
 (2011,0) } ;% \closedcycle; 
 \addlegendentry{India}
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}

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