![带有括号内嵌套标签的矩阵](https://linux22.com/image/257413/%E5%B8%A6%E6%9C%89%E6%8B%AC%E5%8F%B7%E5%86%85%E5%B5%8C%E5%A5%97%E6%A0%87%E7%AD%BE%E7%9A%84%E7%9F%A9%E9%98%B5.png)
生成带有嵌套在括号中的标签的矩阵的最佳方法是什么,如下所示:
答案1
在今天的我有太多空闲时间在这一集里,我们将讨论一个没有 MWE 的问题。没有 MWE 使我们有权尽可能地深入,因此这里有一个调整这个,调整那个可能性。
\documentclass[tikz]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{matrix,trees}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[level distance=7mm,
level 1/.style={sibling distance=8mm},
level 2/.style={sibling distance=4mm},
]
\matrix (m) [mymatrix/.style={execute at empty cell=
\ifnum\pgfmatrixcurrentrow<5
\ifnum\pgfmatrixcurrentcolumn>4
\node\bgroup$0$\egroup;\fi
\else
\ifnum\pgfmatrixcurrentcolumn<5
\node\bgroup$0$\egroup;\fi
\fi
},mymatrix,
right delimiter={]},left delimiter={[}]{
&&&&&&&\\
&&&&&&&\\
&&&&&&&\\
&&&&&&&\\
&&&&&&&\\
&&&&&&&\\
&&&&&&&\\
&&&&&&&\\
};
\begin{scope}[edge from parent path=
{(\tikzparentnode.south) .. controls +(0,-0.2) and +(0,0.2)
.. (\tikzchildnode.north)}]
\node at ([yshift=1.5cm]m.67) {$A$}
child {node {$1$}
child {node {S}}
child {node {I}}}
child {node {$2$}
child {node {S}}
child {node {I}}
};
\node at ([yshift=1.5cm]m.113) {$B$}
child {node {$1$}
child {node {S}}
child {node {I}}}
child {node {$2$}
child {node {S}}
child {node {I}}
};
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[edge from parent path=
{(\tikzparentnode.east) .. controls +(0.2,0) and +(-0.2,0)
.. (\tikzchildnode.west)},level distance=6mm,
level 1/.style={sibling distance=9.2mm},
level 2/.style={sibling distance=4.5mm}]
\node at ([xshift=-1.6cm]m.152) {$A$}[grow=right]
child {node {$1$}
child {node {S}}
child {node {I}}}
child {node {$2$}
child {node {S}}
child {node {I}}
};
\node at ([xshift=-1.6cm]m.-152) {$B$}[grow=right]
child {node {$1$}
child {node {S}}
child {node {I}}}
child {node {$2$}
child {node {S}}
child {node {I}}
};
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
答案2
这是另一个选项,使用blkarray
矩阵和\tikzmark
括号的包(使用decoration=brace
):
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{mathtools}
\usepackage{blkarray}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{decorations.pathreplacing}
\newcommand{\tikzmark}[1]{%
\tikz[overlay,remember picture,baseline] \node [anchor=base] (#1) {};}
% for horizontal braces
% \myhbrace{<mark>}{<mark>}{<label>}
\newcommand\myhbrace[3]{%
\draw[decorate,decoration={brace,raise=5pt}]
(#1.north) -- node[yshift=13pt] {#3} (#2.north);}
% for vertical braces
% \myvbrace{<mark>}{<mark>}{<label>}
\newcommand\myvbrace[3]{%
\draw[decorate,decoration={brace,raise=6pt,mirror}]
([yshift=3pt]#1.north east) -- node[xshift=-15pt] {#3} ([yshift=3pt]#2.south east);}
\begin{document}
\[
\begin{blockarray}{ccccccccc}
& \tikzmark{a}S & I\tikzmark{b} & \tikzmark{c}S & I\tikzmark{d} & \tikzmark{e}S
& I\tikzmark{f} & \tikzmark{g}S & I\tikzmark{h} \\
\begin{block}{l[cccccccc]}
\\[-1.2ex]
\tikzmark{m}S & & & & & 0 & 0& 0 & 0 \\[.3ex]
\tikzmark{n}I & & & & & 0 & 0& 0 & 0 \\[.3ex]
\tikzmark{o}S & & & & & 0 & 0& 0 & 0 \\[.3ex]
\tikzmark{p}I & & & & & 0 & 0& 0 & 0 \\[.3ex]
\tikzmark{q}S & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & & & & \\[.3ex]
\tikzmark{r}I & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & & & & \\[.3ex]
\tikzmark{s}S & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & & & & \\[.3ex]
\tikzmark{t}I & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & & & & \\[1ex]
\end{block}
\end{blockarray}
\]
\begin{tikzpicture}[overlay,remember picture,baseline]
\myhbrace{a}{b}{$\tikzmark{i}1$}
\myhbrace{c}{d}{$2\tikzmark{j}$}
\myhbrace{e}{f}{$\tikzmark{k}1$}
\myhbrace{g}{h}{$2\tikzmark{l}$}
\myhbrace{i}{j}{$A$}
\myhbrace{k}{l}{$B$}
\myvbrace{m}{n}{$\tikzmark{u}1$}
\myvbrace{o}{p}{$\tikzmark{v}2$}
\myvbrace{q}{r}{$\tikzmark{w}1$}
\myvbrace{s}{t}{$\tikzmark{x}2$}
\myvbrace{u}{v}{$A$}
\myvbrace{w}{x}{$B$}
\node[yshift=15pt,font=\small] at (m|-k) {$i=$};
\node[yshift=2.5pt,font=\small] at (m|-k) {$j=$};
\node[yshift=4pt,font=\small] at (m|-a) {$k=$};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
代码必须经过三次处理才能使元素稳定下来。
答案3
延续打击乐的传统,这是对 Gonzalo Medina 提供的版本略加改进的版本。
我用过包裹collcell
自动将适当的内容插入\tikzmark
矩阵。这使矩阵更容易阅读,因为它不会因为\tikzmark
此应用程序所需的大量内容而变得混乱:
笔记:
- 我已经向
\myhbrace
和添加了一个可选的第一个参数\myvbrace
,以允许人们指定命令的参数\draw
。 - 除了上述更改之外,以及矩阵边框的手动绘制(见进一步增强在下面),对两个括号命令的调用与 Gonzalo 的调用是一一等价的,只是名称改为更有意义的名称(因为它们是自动插入的)。
- 这里定义了两种新的列类型。第一列(且只有第一列)必须使用
F
列类型。这样我就能识别新行何时开始。所有其他列都必须使用C
列类型。 - 与 的大多数其他应用不同
\tikzmark
,这实际上需要运行三次(而不是两次)。前两次确定位置,第三次进行绘图。 - 我已经使用
newtoggle
过包裹etoolbox
因为我更喜欢那个语法而不是\newif
语法。但如果你不想包含额外的包,那么调整它以使用\newif
或其他一些条件方法 - 同样地,我用包裹
xstring
进行数值比较,如果这是一个问题的话,也可以不使用这个包来完成。
进一步增强:
- 我很不满意必须手动绘制矩阵边框。事实证明,矩阵宏似乎不允许使用
\newcolumntype
。我只有在完成其他所有操作后才意识到这一点,所以太深入了,无法完成它!!
代码:
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{mathtools}
\usepackage{blkarray}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{calc,decorations.pathreplacing}
\usepackage{collcell}
\usepackage{etoolbox}
\usepackage{xstring}
% The "F" column type is to ONLY be used for the first column
\newcolumntype{F}{>{\collectcell\NewRowData}{c}<{\endcollectcell}}
\newcolumntype{C}{>{\collectcell\NewColumnData}{c}<{\endcollectcell}}
\newcounter{RowCount}
\newcounter{ColumnCount}
\newtoggle{DoneWithHeader}
\togglefalse{DoneWithHeader}
\newcommand{\DoneWithHeader}{\global\toggletrue{DoneWithHeader}}
\newcommand*{\NewColumnData}[1]{%
\stepcounter{ColumnCount}%
\iftoggle{DoneWithHeader}{}{%
\tikzmark{Col \arabic{ColumnCount} Left}%
}{}%
#1%
\iftoggle{DoneWithHeader}{}{%
\tikzmark{Col \arabic{ColumnCount} Right}%
}%
}%
\newcommand*{\NewRowData}[1]{%
\IfEq{\arabic{ColumnCount}}{0}{}{\DoneWithHeader}%
\setcounter{ColumnCount}{-1}% start a new row ==> at first column
%
\iftoggle{DoneWithHeader}{%
\stepcounter{RowCount}%
\tikzmark{Row \arabic{RowCount}}%
}{}%
\NewColumnData{#1}%
}%
\newcommand{\tikzmark}[1]{%
\tikz[overlay,remember picture,baseline] \node [anchor=base] (#1) {};}
% for horizontal braces
% \myhbrace[<draw options>]{<mark>}{<mark>}{<label>}
\newcommand\myhbrace[4][]{%
\draw[decorate,decoration={brace,raise=5pt}, #1]
(#2.north) -- node[yshift=13pt] {#4} (#3.north);}
% for vertical braces
% \myvbrace[<draw options>]{<mark>}{<mark>}{<label>}
\newcommand\myvbrace[4][]{%
\draw[decorate,decoration={brace,raise=6pt,mirror}, #1]
([yshift=3pt]#2.north east) -- node[xshift=-15pt] {#4} ([yshift=3pt]#3.south east);}
\begin{document}
\[
\begin{array}{FCCCCCCCC}
& S & I & S & I & S & I & S & I \\
S & & & & & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\[.3ex]
I & & & & & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\[.3ex]
S & & & & & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\[.3ex]
I & & & & & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\[.3ex]
S & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & & & & \\[.3ex]
I & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & & & & \\[.3ex]
S & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & & & & \\[.3ex]
I & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & & & & \\[1ex]
\end{array}
\]
\begin{tikzpicture}[overlay,remember picture,baseline]
\myhbrace[violet, thick]{Col 1 Left}{Col 2 Right}{$\tikzmark{Col 1-2}1$}
\myhbrace[violet, thick]{Col 3 Left}{Col 4 Right}{$2\tikzmark{Col 3-4}$}
\myhbrace[violet, thick]{Col 5 Left}{Col 6 Right}{$\tikzmark{Col 5-7}1$}
\myhbrace[violet, thick]{Col 7 Left}{Col 8 Right}{$2\tikzmark{Col 7-8}$}
\myhbrace[orange, thick]{Col 1-2}{Col 3-4}{$A$}
\myhbrace[orange, thick]{Col 5-7}{Col 7-8}{$B$}
\myvbrace[red, thick]{Row 1}{Row 2}{$\tikzmark{Row 1-2}1$}
\myvbrace[red, thick]{Row 3}{Row 4}{$\tikzmark{Row 3-4}2$}
\myvbrace[red, thick]{Row 5}{Row 6}{$\tikzmark{Row 5-6}1$}
\myvbrace[red, thick]{Row 7}{Row 8}{$\tikzmark{Row 7-8}2$}
\myvbrace[blue, thick]{Row 1-2}{Row 3-4}{$A$}
\myvbrace[blue, thick]{Row 5-6}{Row 7-8}{$B$}
\node[yshift=15pt, font=\small] at (Row 1 |- Col 5-7) {$i=$};
\node[yshift=2.5pt,font=\small] at (Row 1 |- Col 5-7) {$j=$};
\node[yshift=4pt, font=\small] at (Row 1 |- Col 1 Left) {$k=$};
% Draw the lines for the matrix
\newcommand*{\XShift}{0.3em}
\newcommand*{\YShift}{0.5ex}
\coordinate (topLeft) at (Col 1 Left);
\coordinate (botLeft) at (topLeft |- Row 8);
\coordinate (topRight) at (Col 8 Right);
\coordinate (botRight) at (topRight |- Row 8);
\draw [black, line width=1.2pt]% Left matrix line
([shift={(0.3*\XShift,-\YShift)}]topLeft) --
([shift={(-\XShift,-\YShift)}]topLeft) |- ([shift={(-\XShift,-1.5*\YShift)}]botLeft)
-- ++(1.3*\XShift,0);
\draw [black, line width=1.2pt]% Right matrix line
([shift={(-0.3*\XShift,-\YShift)}]topRight) --
([shift={( \XShift,-\YShift)}]topRight) |- ([shift={( \XShift,-1.5*\YShift)}]botRight)
-- ++(-1.3*\XShift,0);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
答案4
{NiceMatrix}
以下是使用构建该矩阵的一种方法nicematrix
。
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{nicematrix}
\begin{document}
\setcounter{MaxMatrixCols}{12}
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.2}
$\begin{NiceMatrix}
& & &\Block{1-4}{A}&&&&\Block{1-4}{B}\\
& & &\Block{1-2}{1}&&\Block{1-2}{2}&&\Block{1-2}{1}&&\Block{1-2}{2}\\
& & &S&I&S&I&S&I&S&I\\
\Block{4-1}{A}
&\Block{2-1}{1}&S& & & & &0&0&0&0\\
& &I& & & & &0&0&0&0\\
&\Block{2-1}{2}&S& & & & &0&0&0&0\\
& &I& & & & &0&0&0&0\\
\Block{4-1}{B}
&\Block{2-1}{1}&S&0&0&0&0\\
& &I&0&0&0&0\\
&\Block{2-1}{2}&S&0&0&0&0\\
& &I&0&0&0&0\\
\CodeAfter
\SubMatrix[{4-4}{11-11}]
\OverBrace{2-4}{3-7}{}[shorten]
\OverBrace{2-8}{3-11}{}[shorten]
\OverBrace{3-4}{3-5}{}[shorten]
\OverBrace{3-6}{3-7}{}[shorten]
\OverBrace{3-8}{3-9}{}[shorten]
\OverBrace{3-10}{3-11}{}[shorten]
\SubMatrix{\{}{4-2}{7-2}{.}
\SubMatrix{\{}{8-2}{11-2}{.}
\SubMatrix{\{}{4-3}{5-3}{.}[extra-height=-3pt]
\SubMatrix{\{}{6-3}{7-3}{.}[extra-height=-3pt]
\SubMatrix{\{}{8-3}{9-3}{.}[extra-height=-3pt]
\SubMatrix{\{}{10-3}{11-3}{.}[extra-height=-3pt]
\end{NiceMatrix}$
\end{document}
您需要多次编译。