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TikZ - 车辆悬架

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TikZ - 车辆悬架

我是新手蒂克兹（仍在学习），所以我不能创建复杂的tikzpicture形状（只能创建简单的形状），但我想知道是否有人可以给我提供关于如何创建车辆悬架在简单的2D中。

类似于（但是在 2D 中）：

https://i.stack.imgur.com/rbLWC.jpg

答案1

这是第一次尝试（显然有待改进）；基本上我使用了叠加的cylinders 和coilup,coildown装饰器this answer经过汉斯·彼得·E·克里斯蒂安森：

\documentclass{article} 
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{decorations.pathmorphing,patterns,shapes.geometric}

\usepgfmodule{decorations}

\makeatletter
% coilup, coildown decorations
% code by Hans-Peter E. Kristiansen
% in https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/43605/3954
% Parameters: \pgfdecorationsegmentamplitude, \pgfdecorationsegmentlength,

\pgfdeclaredecoration{coilup}{coil}
{
  \state{coil}[switch if less than=%
    1.5\pgfdecorationsegmentlength+%
    \pgfdecorationsegmentaspect\pgfdecorationsegmentamplitude+%
    \pgfdecorationsegmentaspect\pgfdecorationsegmentamplitude to last,
               width=+\pgfdecorationsegmentlength]
  {
    \pgfpathcurveto
    {\pgfpoint@oncoil{0    }{ 0.555}{1}}
    {\pgfpoint@oncoil{0.445}{ 1    }{2}}
    {\pgfpoint@oncoil{1    }{ 1    }{3}}
    \pgfpathmoveto{\pgfpoint@oncoil{1    }{-1    }{9}}
    \pgfpathcurveto
    {\pgfpoint@oncoil{0.445}{-1    }{10}}
    {\pgfpoint@oncoil{0    }{-0.555}{11}}
    {\pgfpoint@oncoil{0    }{ 0    }{12}}
  }
  \state{last}[width=.5\pgfdecorationsegmentlength+%
    \pgfdecorationsegmentaspect\pgfdecorationsegmentamplitude+%
    \pgfdecorationsegmentaspect\pgfdecorationsegmentamplitude,next state=final]
  {
    \pgfpathcurveto
    {\pgfpoint@oncoil{0    }{ 0.555}{1}}
    {\pgfpoint@oncoil{0.445}{ 1    }{2}}
    {\pgfpoint@oncoil{1    }{ 1    }{3}}
    \pgfpathmoveto{\pgfpoint@oncoil{2    }{ 0    }{6}}
  }
  \state{final}
  {
  \pgfpathmoveto{\pgfpointdecoratedpathlast}
  }
}


% coildown decoration
%
% Parameters: \pgfdecorationsegmentamplitude, \pgfdecorationsegmentlength,

\pgfdeclaredecoration{coildown}{coil}
{
  \state{coil}[switch if less than=%
    1.5\pgfdecorationsegmentlength+%
    \pgfdecorationsegmentaspect\pgfdecorationsegmentamplitude+%
    \pgfdecorationsegmentaspect\pgfdecorationsegmentamplitude to last,
               width=+\pgfdecorationsegmentlength]
  {
    \pgfpathmoveto{\pgfpoint@oncoil{1    }{1    }{3}}
    \pgfpathcurveto
    {\pgfpoint@oncoil{1.555}{ 1    }{4}}
    {\pgfpoint@oncoil{2    }{ 0.555}{5}}
    {\pgfpoint@oncoil{2    }{ 0    }{6}}
    \pgfpathcurveto
    {\pgfpoint@oncoil{2    }{-0.555}{7}}
    {\pgfpoint@oncoil{1.555}{-1    }{8}}
    {\pgfpoint@oncoil{1    }{-1    }{9}}
  }
  \state{last}[width=.5\pgfdecorationsegmentlength+%
    \pgfdecorationsegmentaspect\pgfdecorationsegmentamplitude+%
    \pgfdecorationsegmentaspect\pgfdecorationsegmentamplitude,next state=final]
  {
    \pgfpathmoveto{\pgfpoint@oncoil{1    }{ 1    }{3}}
    \pgfpathcurveto
    {\pgfpoint@oncoil{1.555}{ 1    }{4}}
    {\pgfpoint@oncoil{2    }{ 0.555}{5}}
    {\pgfpoint@oncoil{2    }{ 0    }{6}}
  }
  \state{final}
  {
  \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpointdecoratedpathlast}
  }
}

\def\pgfpoint@oncoil#1#2#3{%
  \pgf@x=#1\pgfdecorationsegmentamplitude%
  \pgf@x=\pgfdecorationsegmentaspect\pgf@x%
  \pgf@y=#2\pgfdecorationsegmentamplitude%
  \pgf@xa=0.083333333333\pgfdecorationsegmentlength%
  \advance\pgf@x by#3\pgf@xa%
}
\makeatother

\definecolor{myorange}{RGB}{238,97,26}

\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[fill=gray!30] 
  (-0.5,-0.8) .. controls (-1.4,-2.3) and (1.4,-2.3) .. (0.5,-0.8);
\draw[fill=white] 
  (0,-1.3) circle (0.3cm);
\node[cylinder,
    fill=myorange,
    rotate=90,
    draw,
    minimum height=0.7cm,
    minimum width=1.5cm,
    anchor=east]
  at (0,-0.15)  {};
\node[cylinder,
    fill=gray!30,
    rotate=90,
    draw,
    minimum height=0.5cm,
    minimum width=2cm,
    anchor=east]
  at (0,0.1)  {};
\draw[decoration={
      aspect=0.3,
      segment length=3mm,
      amplitude=10mm,coilup,
      segment length=10pt},
    decorate,
    double=myorange,
    double distance=2pt] 
  (0,5) -- (0,0); 
\node[cylinder,
    fill=gray!30,
    rotate=90,
    draw,
    minimum height=2cm,
    minimum width=0.4cm,
    anchor=east,aspect=0.3]
  at (0,2)  {};
\node[cylinder,
    fill,
    rotate=90,
    draw,
    minimum height=3.1cm,
    minimum width=1.4cm,
    anchor=east] 
  at (0,5)  {};
\draw[decoration={
      aspect=0.3,
      segment length=3mm,
      amplitude=10mm,coildown,
      segment length=10pt},
    decorate,
    double=myorange,
    double distance=2pt] 
  (0,5) -- (0,0); 
\node[cylinder,
    fill=gray!30,
    rotate=90,
    draw,
    minimum height=0.5cm,
    minimum width=2cm,
    anchor=east]
  at (0,5.2)  {};
\node[cylinder,
    fill,
    rotate=90,
    draw,
    minimum height=1cm,
    minimum width=1.4cm,
    anchor=east]
  at (0,6)  {};
\node[cylinder,
    fill=gray!30,
    rotate=90,
    draw,
    minimum height=0.5cm,
    minimum width=1.6cm,
    anchor=east]
  at (0,6)  {};
\draw[fill=gray!30] 
  (-0.5,5.9) .. controls (-1.4,7.5) and (1.4,7.5) .. (0.5,5.9);
\draw[fill=white] 
  (0,6.5) circle (0.3cm);
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

答案2

绘制示意图（不仅仅在TikZ）的窍门是将事物分解成非常基本的形式。举个悬架的例子：您不必关心“我该如何让弹簧绕组看起来部分位于阻尼杆后面，部分位于前面？”，而是减少东西以使其简单但易于识别。例如，在物理或技术图纸中表示弹簧的典型锯齿线应该足够接近，以便看到您的意思。

第二个非常有用的功能TikZ是泛化。您可以轻松为某些事物定义自己的样式或宏。例如，如果您希望所有绘图中的线程都是黑色且带有锯齿状边缘，则可以定义一个全局样式来实现这一点，然后将此样式应用于您想要绘制的所有线程。

想要了解所有可能的事情以及它们背后的代码，请查看texample.net。您会惊讶地发现，绘制非常精致的图形只需要很少的代码。在许多情况下，您不会立即理解整个代码，但不要放弃，而是拿起代码并尝试一下，看看编辑后情况会如何变化。这将使您逐步学习新功能，并使您能够更详细、更直接地解决问题。

不要太早放弃，TikZ学习曲线可能会相当陡峭。特别是如果你心里有想要实现的某个绘图，你会认为你永远无法实现它，但你必须一步一步地解决一个又一个问题。最重要的是：随时准备好手册TikZ，最好是电脑上随时打开的 PDF 格式。它包含一些不错的入门教程，非常全面，几乎解释了每一段代码。

除此之外，还有一些基于其的包TikZ，它们定义了一些额外的功能，例如绘制电路、绘制数据等。我不知道是否已经有用于绘制机械东西的东西，但我不会感到惊讶。

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