我从系统中彻底清除了 TexLive，然后安装了最新版本的 TexLive来自互联网安装程序如所述这里而不是通过 Ubuntu 包管理器。
接下来，我使用包管理器安装了 Winefish（LaTeX 编辑器），以下是安装日志：
me@home:~$ sudo apt-get install winefish
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following extra packages will be installed:
lmodern luatex tex-common texlive-base texlive-binaries texlive-common
texlive-doc-base texlive-luatex tidy tofrodos
Suggested packages:
perl-tk tidy-doc
The following NEW packages will be installed:
lmodern luatex tex-common texlive-base texlive-binaries texlive-common
texlive-doc-base texlive-luatex tidy tofrodos winefish
0 upgraded, 11 newly installed, 0 to remove and 9 not upgraded.
Need to get 46.2 MB/46.5 MB of archives.
After this operation, 101 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue [Y/n]? Y
Get:1 http://archive.linux.duke.edu/ubuntu/ precise/main tex-common all 2.10 [709 kB]
Get:2 http://archive.linux.duke.edu/ubuntu/ precise/main lmodern all 2.004.1-3.1ubuntu1 [17.8 MB]
Get:3 http://archive.linux.duke.edu/ubuntu/ precise/main luatex amd64 0.70.1-1ubuntu1 [2,458 kB]
Get:4 http://archive.linux.duke.edu/ubuntu/ precise/main texlive-common all 2009-15 [94.4 kB]
Get:5 http://archive.linux.duke.edu/ubuntu/ precise/main texlive-doc-base all 2009-2 [1,339 kB]
Get:6 http://archive.linux.duke.edu/ubuntu/ precise/main texlive-binaries amd64 2009-11ubuntu2 [8,054 kB]
Get:7 http://archive.linux.duke.edu/ubuntu/ precise/main texlive-base all 2009-15 [14.7 MB]
Get:8 http://archive.linux.duke.edu/ubuntu/ precise/main texlive-luatex all 2009-15 [975 kB]
Get:9 http://archive.linux.duke.edu/ubuntu/ precise/main tidy amd64 20091223cvs-1ubuntu2 [24.2 kB]
Get:10 http://archive.linux.duke.edu/ubuntu/ precise/main tofrodos amd64 1.7.9.debian.1-1 [21.0 kB]
Fetched 46.2 MB in 3min 22s (228 kB/s)
Preconfiguring packages ...
Selecting previously unselected package tex-common.
(Reading database ... 295442 files and directories currently installed.)
Unpacking tex-common (from .../tex-common_2.10_all.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package lmodern.
Unpacking lmodern (from .../lmodern_2.004.1-3.1ubuntu1_all.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package luatex.
Unpacking luatex (from .../luatex_0.70.1-1ubuntu1_amd64.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package texlive-common.
Unpacking texlive-common (from .../texlive-common_2009-15_all.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package texlive-doc-base.
Unpacking texlive-doc-base (from .../texlive-doc-base_2009-2_all.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package texlive-binaries.
Unpacking texlive-binaries (from .../texlive-binaries_2009-11ubuntu2_amd64.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package texlive-base.
Unpacking texlive-base (from .../texlive-base_2009-15_all.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package texlive-luatex.
Unpacking texlive-luatex (from .../texlive-luatex_2009-15_all.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package tidy.
Unpacking tidy (from .../tidy_20091223cvs-1ubuntu2_amd64.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package tofrodos.
Unpacking tofrodos (from .../tofrodos_1.7.9.debian.1-1_amd64.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package winefish.
Unpacking winefish (from .../winefish_1.3.3-0dl1ubuntu1_amd64.deb) ...
Processing triggers for doc-base ...
Processing 3 added doc-base files...
Registering documents with scrollkeeper...
Processing triggers for man-db ...
Processing triggers for fontconfig ...
Processing triggers for install-info ...
Processing triggers for menu ...
Processing triggers for hicolor-icon-theme ...
Processing triggers for bamfdaemon ...
Rebuilding /usr/share/applications/bamf.index...
Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils ...
Processing triggers for gnome-menus ...
Processing triggers for shared-mime-info ...
Setting up tex-common (2.10) ...
Not replacing deleted config file /etc/texmf/texmf.d/05TeXMF.cnf
Not replacing deleted config file /etc/texmf/texmf.d/15Plain.cnf
Not replacing deleted config file /etc/texmf/texmf.d/45TeXinputs.cnf
Not replacing deleted config file /etc/texmf/texmf.d/55Fonts.cnf
Not replacing deleted config file /etc/texmf/texmf.d/65BibTeX.cnf
Not replacing deleted config file /etc/texmf/texmf.d/75DviPS.cnf
Not replacing deleted config file /etc/texmf/texmf.d/80DVIPDFMx.cnf
Not replacing deleted config file /etc/texmf/texmf.d/85Misc.cnf
Not replacing deleted config file /etc/texmf/texmf.d/90TeXDoc.cnf
Not replacing deleted config file /etc/texmf/texmf.d/95NonPath.cnf
Not replacing deleted config file /etc/texmf/updmap.d/00updmap.cfg
update-texmf: Basic configuration file /etc/texmf/texmf.d/05TeXMF.cnf missing.
Exiting.
dpkg: error processing tex-common (--configure):
subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of lmodern:
lmodern depends on tex-common (>= 2.00); however:
Package tex-common is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing lmodern (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Setting up luatex (0.70.1-1ubuntu1) ...
No apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a previous failure.
texlive-base is not ready, cannot create formats
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of texlive-common:
texlive-common depends on tex-common (>= 2.0); however:
Package tex-common is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing texlive-common (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of texlive-doc-base:
texlive-doc-base depends on tex-common (>= 2.00); however:
Package tex-common is not configured yet.
texlive-doc-base depends on texlive-common (>= 2009-1); however:
Package texlive-common is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing texlive-doc-base (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of texlive-binaries:
texlive-binaries depends on texlive-common (>= 2009); however:
Package texlive-common is not configured yet.
texlive-binaries depends on tex-common (>= 2.00); however:
Package tex-common is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing texlive-binaries (--configure):
dependency proNo apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a previous failure.
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
blems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of texlive-base:
texlive-base depends on texlive-doc-base (>= 2009-1); however:
Package texlive-doc-base is not configured yet.
texlive-base depends on tex-common (>= 2.00); however:
Package tex-common is not configured yet.
texlive-base depends on texlive-binaries (>= 2009-10); however:
Package texlive-binaries is not configured yet.
texlive-base depends on texlive-common (>= 2009-1); however:
Package texlive-common is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing texlive-base (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of texlive-luatex:
texlive-luatex depends on tex-common (>= 2.00); however:
Package tex-common is not configured yet.
texlive-luatex depends on texlive-base (>= 2009-1); however:
Package texlive-base is not configured yet.
texlive-luatex depends on texlive-common (>= 2009-1); however:
Package texlive-common is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing texlive-luatex (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Setting up tidy (20091223cvs-1ubuntu2) ...
Setting up tofrodos (1.7.9.debian.1-1) ...
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of winefish:
winefish depends on tetex-bin | texlive-base-bin | latex; however:
Package tetex-bin is not installed.
Package texlive-base-bin is not installed.
Package texlive-binaries which provides texlive-base-bin is not configured yet.
Package latex is not installed.
dpkg: error processing winefish (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
Errors were encountered while processing:
tex-common
lmodern
texlive-common
texlive-doc-base
texlive-binaries
texlive-base
texlive-luatex
winefish
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
我可以成功使用latex二进制文件，但有些功能不起作用。例如，当我尝试运行时dvips，我得到以下信息：
me@home:Note$ dvips Note.dvi
warning: kpathsea: configuration file texmf.cnf not found in these directories: /usr/share/texmf/web2c:/usr/share/texmf-texlive/web2c:/usr/local/share/texmf/web2c.
This is dvips(k) 5.98 Copyright 2009 Radical Eye Software (www.radicaleye.com)
dvips: ! Couldn't find header file tex.pro.
Note that an absolute path or a relative path with .. are denied in -R2 mode.
我不认为安装 Winefish 实际上导致了这个问题，但我还是将这些信息包含在内，以防万一。
[下面添加了更多信息。]
为了诊断目的，我做了以下事情（我在其他地方读到过）：
me@home:~$ kpsewhich -var-value=TEXMF
warning: kpathsea: configuration file texmf.cnf not found in these directories: /usr/share/texmf/web2c:/usr/share/texmf-texlive/web2c:/usr/local/share/texmf/web2c.
然后，使用locate，我发现确实/usr/share/texmf/web2c/texmf.cnf存在，但它是一个到的损坏的符号链接/etc/texmf/texmf.cnf。
这有助于阐明问题吗？
答案1
在安装 Winefish 时，您再次从 Ubuntu 存储库安装了 texlive（摘自您的日志）：
将安装以下额外软件包：lmodern luatex tex-common texlive-base texlive-binaries texlive-common
texlive-doc-base texlive-luatex tidy tofrodos
从 TUG 安装“vanilla TeX Live”后，你需要创建一些“假”包，让 Ubuntu 认为 TeX Live 是从存储库安装的，而不是像在关于在 Debian 或 Ubuntu 上安装的问题或者TeX博客-Post（相当旧 — 因为它是 TL2008 — 但可能仍然可以正常工作）。
为了修复你的安装，我将清除自动安装的 Ubuntu 软件包和vanilla TeX Live 并再次安装最后一个，然后创建“假”包，最后安装 Winefish。
编辑：TUG 的 TeX Live 默认安装位置是/usr/local/texlive，所以你找到的文件肯定不是你想要的
答案2
做完之后
sudo apt-get purge texlive* tex-common*
成功了。显然，可以通过 apt 安装 Winefish曾是问题。