子图标题放置问题

Question

我正在使用该subcaption包，我想知道如何将子图的标题放在每个子图的底部中心。

\documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{article}
%
%
\usepackage{utopia} 
\usepackage{enumitem}
\usepackage[usenames,dvipsnames]{color}
\usepackage[superscript,ref,nomove]{cite}
\usepackage{textcomp} 
\usepackage{verbatim, amsmath, amsfonts, amssymb, amsthm} 
\usepackage[british]{babel} 
\usepackage{float}
\usepackage{graphicx} 
\usepackage{booktabs,longtable,rotating} 
\usepackage{array,warpcol} 
\usepackage{multirow} 
\usepackage{fixme} 
\usepackage[section,verbose]{placeins}
\usepackage{gensymb,units}
\usepackage{fancyhdr} 
\usepackage{setspace} 
\usepackage{microtype} 
\usepackage{stfloats}
%
\usepackage[width=11cm,font=footnotesize,labelfont=bf%
,format=hang,labelformat=parens,labelsep=endash,%
justification=raggedright,singlelinecheck=on]{caption} % Captions.
\usepackage{subcaption}
\captionsetup[sub]{width=6cm,font=scriptsize,labelfont=bf%
,format=hang,labelformat=parens,labelsep=endash,%
justification=centering,singlelinecheck=on}
%
\usepackage{fixltx2e}
\usepackage{varwidth}
\usepackage{todonotes}
\usepackage[pageanchor=true,plainpages=false,pagebackref=false%
,hyperindex=true,hyperfootnotes=true,linktocpage=false%
,colorlinks=true,citecolor=blue,menucolor=red,bookmarks=true%
,bookmarksnumbered=true,pdftitle={Latitude and Month Correction},pdfauthor={Muhammad Hamdy Al-bassoussi},pdfkeywords={Cooling Load},pdfdisplaydoctitle=true,pdffitwindow=true,pdfmenubar=true%
,pdftoolbar=true,pdfwindowui=true,pdfpagelayout=OneColumn]{hyperref}
%
\graphicspath{{./Figures/}} %To set the first directory to search for images in.
%
%\setlength{\parindent}{0pt}
\setlength{\parskip}{2ex plus 0.5ex minus 0.2ex}
%\parindent0em
%\parskip\medskipamount
%
\renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{1.25}
%
\pagestyle{fancy}
\fancyhf{}
\cfoot{\bfseries{\thepage}}
\rfoot{\scriptsize\bf{Latitude \& Month Correction}}
\lfoot{\scriptsize\bf{M. Hamdy}}
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}
\renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0.5pt}
%\addtolength{\headheight}{0pt} % make space for the rule
\fancypagestyle{plain}{%
\fancyhead{} % get rid of headers on plain pages
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % and the line
%\fancyfoot{}
%\renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt}
}
%
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.5} % To edit the height of the rows of a table.
%


\begin{document}



\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{subfigure}{0.3\textwidth}
\centering
\includegraphics[height= 6cm, width=12cm]{W80_32N_Sep_S}
\caption{Wall no.(80): 32$^\circ$N - September - South orientaion}
\label{fig:w80}
\end{subfigure}%

\begin{subfigure}{0.3\textwidth}
\centering
\includegraphics[height= 6cm, width=12cm]{W17_56N_Apr_NE}
\caption{Wall no.(17): 56$^\circ$N - April - NourthEast orientaion}
\label{fig:w17}
\end{subfigure}%
\qquad
\caption{Comparing Corrected CLTDs Resulting from Equations~(\ref{eq:corr}) and~(\ref{eq:corr_ash}) with the Calculated CLTDs for Two Different Wall Constructions, Locations, Months, and Orientations.}\label{fig:corr}
\end{figure} 

\end{document}

Answer 1

您使用的subfigure宽度为0.3\textwidth，宽度为6cm。\captionsetup[sub]标题位于该宽度的中央。但图形宽度（如\includegraphics[height= 6cm, width=12cm]）大于该宽度。因此出现了所有这些问题。

补救措施：

1. 不要使用超过\includegraphics[width=..]给定值的宽度，并且两者也\begin{subfigure}{....}使用相同的宽度。\captionsetup[sub]
2. 最好只给出宽度\includegraphics[width=..]。如果包含height，则应使用keepaspectratio以防止图形扭曲。

使用类似

\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{subfigure}{6cm}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=6cm]{example-image-a}
\caption{Wall no.(80): 32$^\circ$N - September - South orientaion}
\label{fig:w80}
\end{subfigure}%
\hfill                              %% note this addition
\begin{subfigure}{6cm}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=6cm]{example-image-b}
\caption{Wall no.(17): 56$^\circ$N - April - NourthEast orientaion}
\label{fig:w17}
\end{subfigure}%
\qquad
\caption{Comparing Corrected CLTDs Resulting from Equations~(\ref{eq:corr}) and~(\ref{eq:corr_ash}) with the Calculated CLTDs for Two Different Wall Constructions, Locations, Months, and Orientations.}\label{fig:corr}
\end{figure}

Answer 2

从您的设置中我无法确定您是否希望子图中的图形宽度为 6 厘米（这似乎是语句的参数所指示的）\subcaption或 12 厘米宽（这似乎是语句的可选参数所指示的\includegraphics）。

如果是前者，并且您希望将两个图表并排放置，则应遵循 Harish 在其单独的答案中提供的代码。

如果是后者，即如果两个图表的宽度均为 12 厘米，则它们无法并排显示在 A4 纸上。在这种情况下，您可能需要采取以下措施。请注意，代码设置了宽度minipage；12cm在此环境中，所有宽度引用都是\linewidth（将是12cm），而不是硬编码的长度值。

\documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{article}
\usepackage{utopia}
\usepackage[demo]{graphicx} % remove "demo" for real doc
\usepackage[font=footnotesize, labelfont=bf,
            format=hang, labelformat=parens,
            labelsep=endash, justification=raggedright,
            singlelinecheck=on]{caption} 
\usepackage{subcaption} 
\captionsetup[sub]{font=footnotesize,
            labelsep=endash, justification=centering}

\begin{document}
\begin{figure}
\centering
% Create a `minipage` that's 12cm wide
% Then, use `\linewidth` parameter inside the `minipage` environment
\begin{minipage}{12cm}
\begin{subfigure}{\linewidth}
   \includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{W80_32N_Sep_S}
   \caption{Wall no.(80): 32$^\circ$N -- September -- South orientation}
   \label{fig:w80}
\end{subfigure}

\medskip % insert a bit more vertical space between subfigures
\begin{subfigure}{\linewidth}
   \includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{W17_56N_Apr_NE}
   \caption{Wall no.(17): 56$^\circ$N -- April -- NorthEast orientation}
   \label{fig:w17}
\end{subfigure}

\caption{Comparing Corrected CLTDs Resulting from Equations~(\ref{eq:corr}) 
   and~(\ref{eq:corr_ash}) with the Calculated CLTDs for Two Different Wall 
   Constructions, Locations, Months, and Orientations.}
\label{fig:corr}
\end{minipage}
\end{figure}
\end{document}