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TikZ：感知器图

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TikZ：感知器图

我正在尝试创建下图的基于 TikZ 的版本（取自这里)，但我不知道该如何处理。

它不需要看起来和原版一模一样，但基本思想应该保留。如果从犚犻sum 函数中的线条都是直线，没有像原始函数那样的“弯曲”。这使得矩阵布局难以使用。

输出函数的定义可以省略。

有人能告诉我在这种情况下可行的方法吗，或者甚至创建一个tikz 示例？

感知器

更新：我最终结合了@m0nhawk 和@Toscho 的方法并得出了以下结论：

TikZ 中的感知器

源代码在这里：https://github.com/dbrgn/blog/blob/master/content/images/2013/3/26/perceptron.tex

答案1

以下是简单的重建。问题：

  • 等式左边的，可以很容易地与相加node。
  • 制作输入和重量和\foreach。
  • 增加激活函数使其更像原版。
  • 改进 TikZ 样式。

代码：

\documentclass[tikz]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
    \usetikzlibrary{positioning}

\tikzset{basic/.style={draw,fill=blue!20,text width=1em,text badly centered}}
\tikzset{input/.style={basic,circle}}
\tikzset{weights/.style={basic,rectangle}}
\tikzset{functions/.style={basic,circle,fill=blue!10}}

\begin{document}
    \begin{tikzpicture}
        \node[functions] (center) {};
        \node[below of=center,font=\scriptsize,text width=4em] {Activation function};
        \draw[thick] (0.5em,0.5em) -- (0,0.5em) -- (0,-0.5em) -- (-0.5em,-0.5em);
        \draw (0em,0.75em) -- (0em,-0.75em);
        \draw (0.75em,0em) -- (-0.75em,0em);
        \node[right of=center] (right) {};
            \path[draw,->] (center) -- (right);
        \node[functions,left=3em of center] (left) {$\sum$};
            \path[draw,->] (left) -- (center);
        \node[weights,left=3em of left] (2) {$w_2$} -- (2) node[input,left of=2] (l2) {$x_2$};
            \path[draw,->] (l2) -- (2);
            \path[draw,->] (2) -- (left);
        \node[below of=2] (dots) {$\vdots$} -- (dots) node[left of=dots] (ldots) {$\vdots$};
        \node[weights,below of=dots] (n) {$w_n$} -- (n) node[input,left of=n] (ln) {$x_n$};
            \path[draw,->] (ln) -- (n);
            \path[draw,->] (n) -- (left);
        \node[weights,above of=2] (1) {$w_1$} -- (1) node[input,left of=1] (l1) {$x_1$};
            \path[draw,->] (l1) -- (1);
            \path[draw,->] (1) -- (left);
        \node[weights,above of=1] (0) {$w_0$} -- (0) node[input,left of=0] (l0) {$1$};
            \path[draw,->] (l0) -- (0);
            \path[draw,->] (0) -- (left);
        \node[below of=ln,font=\scriptsize] {inputs};
        \node[below of=n,font=\scriptsize] {weights};
    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

图片：

结果

答案2

这里有一个较短的代码，没有定位，因此您可以缩放图片。

\documentclass[tikz]{article}
\usepackage{tikz}

\tikzset{basic/.style={draw,fill=blue!50!green!20,
                       text badly centered,minimum width=3em}}
\tikzset{input/.style={basic,circle}}
\tikzset{weights/.style={basic,rectangle,minimum width=2em}}
\tikzset{functions/.style={basic,circle,fill=blue!50!green!20}}
\newcommand{\addsymbol}{\draw[thick] (0.5em,0.5em) -- (0,0.5em) -- 
                        (0,-0.5em) --  (-0.5em,-0.5em)
                        (0em,0.75em) -- (0em,-0.75em)
                        (0.75em,0em) -- (-0.75em,0em);}

\begin{document}
    \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1.2]
    \foreach \h [count=\hi ] in {$x_n$,$x_2$,$x_1$,$1$}{%
          \node[input] (f\hi) at (0,\hi*2cm-5 cm) {\h};
        }
    \node[functions] (sum) at (4,0) {$\sum$};
    \foreach \h [count=\hi ] in {$w_n$,$w_2$,$w_1$,$w_0$}{%
          \path (f\hi) -- node[weights] (w\hi) {\h} (sum);
          \draw[->] (f\hi) -- (w\hi);
          \draw[->] (w\hi) -- (sum);
        }        
    \node[functions] (step) at (7,0) {};
       \begin{scope}[xshift=7cm,scale=.75]
         \addsymbol
       \end{scope}
    \draw[->] (sum) -- (step);
    \draw[->] (step) -- ++(1,0);
    % Labels
    \node[above=1cm]  at (f4) {inputs};
    \node[above=1cm] at (w4) {weights};
    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

答案3

有 PSTricks 但尚未完成...

在此处输入图片描述

\documentclass[preview,border=12pt]{standalone}
\usepackage{pst-node}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\psset
{
    rowsep=4mm,
    colsep=8mm,
    mnodesize=10mm,
    mnode=r,
}
\newcommand{\C}[1]{[mnode=circle,fillstyle=solid,fillcolor=blue!20]$#1$}
\newcommand{\R}[1]{[mnode=r]\psframebox[fillstyle=solid,fillcolor=blue!20]{\parbox{4mm}{\strut\centering$#1$}}}
\def\Symbol{%
\psset{unit=3mm}
\pspicture(-1,-1)(1,1)
    \psset{linewidth=0.4pt}
    \psline(-1,0)(1,0)
    \psline(0,-1)(0,1)
    \psline[linewidth=2\pslinewidth](-0.75,-0.5)(0,-0.5)(0,0.5)(0.75,0.5)
\endpspicture
}
\begin{document}
\offinterlineskip
\begin{psmatrix}
    \C{1}           & \R{w_0}\\
    \C{x_1}         & \R{w_1}\\
    \C{x_2}         & \R{w_2}       & \C{\Sigma}    & [mnode=circle,fillstyle=solid,fillcolor=blue!20,name=symbol]\Symbol   &   [mnode=p]\\
    \vdots          & \vdots\\
    \C{x_n}         & \R{w_n}\\
    \text{inputs}   & \text{weights}
    \psset{arrows=->}
    \ncline{1,1}{1,2}
        \ncline{2,1}{2,2}
            \ncline{3,1}{3,2}
                \ncline{5,1}{5,2}
    \ncdiagg{1,2}{3,3}
        \ncdiagg{2,2}{3,3}
            \ncdiagg{3,2}{3,3}
                \ncdiagg{5,2}{3,3}
    \ncline{3,3}{3,4}
    \ncline{3,4}{3,5}
\end{psmatrix}
\end{document}

答案4

我修改了@Naphat 的解决方案以使其符合 OP 要求的解决方案：

\documentclass[tikz]{article}
\usepackage{tikz}

\tikzset{basic/.style={draw,fill=none,
                       text badly centered,minimum width=3em}}
\tikzset{input/.style={basic,circle,minimum width=3.5em}}
\tikzset{weights/.style={basic,rectangle,minimum width=2em}}
\tikzset{functions/.style={basic,circle, minimum width=4em}}
\newcommand{\addaxes}{\draw (0em,1em) -- (0em,-1em)
                            (-1em,0em) -- (1em,0em);}
\newcommand{\relu}{\draw[line width=1.5pt] (-1em,0) -- (0,0)
                                (0,0) -- (0.75em,0.75em);}
\newcommand{\stepfunc}{\draw[line width=1.5pt] (0.65em,0.65em) -- (0,0.65em) 
                                    -- (0,-0.65em) -- (-0.65em,-0.65em);}

\begin{document}
    \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1.2]
    % Draw input nodes
    \foreach \h [count=\hi ] in {$x_2$,$x_1$,$1$}{%
        \node[input] (f\hi) at (0,\hi*1.5cm-1.5 cm) {\h};
      }
    % Dot dot dot ... x_n
    \node[below=0.62cm] (idots) at (f1) {\vdots};
    \node[input, below=0.62cm] (last_input) at (idots) {$x_n$};
    % Draw summation node
    \node[functions] (sum) at (4,0) {\Huge$\sum$};
    % Draw edges from input nodes to summation node
    \foreach \h [count=\hi ] in {$w_2$,$w_1$,$w_0$}{%
          \path (f\hi) -- node[weights] (w\hi) {\h} (sum);
          \draw[->] (f\hi) -- (w\hi);
          \draw[->] (w\hi) -- (sum);
        }
    % Dot dot dot ... w_n
    \node[below=0.05cm] (wdots) at (w1) {\vdots};
    \node[weights, below=0.45cm] (last_weight) at (wdots) {$w_n$};
    % Add edges for last node and last weight etc
    \path[draw,->] (last_input) -- (last_weight);
    \path[draw,->] (last_weight) -- (sum);
    % Draw node for activation function
    \node[functions] (activation) at (7,0) {};
    % Place activation function in its node
    \begin{scope}[xshift=7cm,scale=1.25]
        \addaxes
        % flexible selection of activation function
        % \relu
        \stepfunc
    \end{scope}
    % Connect sum to activation function
    \draw[->] (sum) -- (activation) node (sum_eq) [midway, below=2cm, scale=1.2] {$\sum\limits_{i=0}^n w_ix_i$} node (sum_activation_midway) [midway, below] {};
    \path[draw,->] (sum_eq) -- (sum_activation_midway);
    \draw[->] (activation) -- ++(3,0) node (perceptron_output) [below=0.2cm, scale=1.2] {$output = \begin{cases}1 & \text{if }\ \sum\limits_{i=0}^n w_ix_i > 0,\\-1 & \text{otherwise}\end{cases}$};
    % Labels
    \node[above=1cm]  at (f3) {Inputs};
    \node[above=1cm] at (w3) {Weights};
    \node[above=1.5cm] at (activation) {Activation Function};
    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

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