表格对于页面来说太高

Question 1

我有两个建议，不分先后顺序。实施任何一个建议都应该节省足够的垂直空白来制作分段标题和两个表格均放在同一页上。

不要使用\begin{center} ... \end{center}，因为center环境会引入大量垂直空白。相反，请使用\centering指令。您可能会在表格顶部附近看到类似以下说明的内容

\caption{Effects of Merit Aid Eligibility, Ages 24 to 32, Omitting Allocated Data}  
\label{tab:Unallocated}

\medskip     % introduce some vertical whitespace (but not as much as center env. does)
\bgroup      % start a "group" to contain scope of next two statements
\centering
\small

以及靠近表格底部的以下声明：

\bottomrule
\end{tabular}  
\egroup         % end of scope of \centering and \small

\medskip        % some vertical separation to the footnoty stuff
\footnotesize Note:

另外，您可能已经注意到，表格目前比更宽（稍微宽了一点）\textwidth；因此，center环境和\centering指令实际上都没有效果。下面提供了有关如何克服此问题的建议。

每两行之间的垂直空白量相当大。除了一整行空白外，您还可以使用较少的垂直空间，具体做法如下：
```
\\[1.25ex]  % a full blank line is equivalent to \\[1\baselineskip] ...
```
以下示例实现了这两个想法，即它不使用环境center，而是使用1.25ex两行组之间的空白量。通过这两个调整，表格现在可以非常舒适地容纳在页面中。

它还修复了表格比文本块更宽的问题。修复分为两个部分：首先，我省略了第一列左侧和最后一列右侧的水平空白。这实际上使表格略微较不宽比文本块更宽。将这样的表格居中看起来有点像意外。因此，在第二步中，我用宽度为的tabular环境替换环境，在环境规范中插入最初看起来奇怪的表达式；正如其名称（希望）所暗示的那样，该指令告诉 LaTeX 在列之间插入一些“可拉伸”空白（），从而使整个表格的宽度与完全相同。tabular*\textwidth@{\extracolsep{\fill}}tabular*\fill\textwidth

在此处输入图片描述

\documentclass[letterpaper,12pt]{article}
\usepackage[margin=1in]{geometry}
\usepackage{booktabs}

\begin{document}

\section{Using Unallocated Census Data} 
\label{app:Unallocated}

\begin{table}[h]
\caption{Effects of Merit Aid Eligibility, Ages 24 to 32, Omitting Allocated Data}  
\label{tab:Unallocated}

\medskip

\small
\begin{tabular*}{\textwidth}{@{} l @{\extracolsep{\fill}} ccccc @{}}
\toprule
Outcome & (1) & (2) & (3) & (4) & (5) \\
\midrule
 & & & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Merit \&} & \\
& \multicolumn{2}{c}{All States}  &  \multicolumn{2}{c}{Southern States}  & Merit States \\
 \cmidrule(lr){2-3} \cmidrule(lr){4-5}\cmidrule(l){6-6}
Living In-State & -0.005 & 0.005 & 0.007 & 0.008 & 0.006 \\
 & (0.009) & (0.007) & (0.007) & (0.007) & (0.008) \\[1.25ex]
Living In-State w/ BA & -0.003 & 0.002 & 0.002 & 0.003 & 0.002 \\
 & (0.003) & (0.003) & (0.003) & (0.004) & (0.004) \\[1.25ex]
Living In-State w/ Some College & 0.003 & 0.006 & 0.008* & 0.008* & 0.006 \\
 & (0.005) & (0.004) & (0.004) & (0.005) & (0.005) \\[1.25ex]
BA Degree & -0.003 & -0.001 & -0.001 & -0.002 & -0.002 \\
 & (0.003) & (0.003) & (0.003) & (0.003) & (0.003) \\[1.25ex]
Some College Attendance & 0.006 & 0.001 & 0.002 & 0.001 & 0.000 \\
 & (0.005) & (0.004) & (0.004) & (0.004) & (0.004) \\[1.25ex]
 Currently Enrolled in College & 0.005*** & 0.003*** & 0.003* & 0.003** & 0.004** \\
 & (0.002) & (0.001) & (0.002) & (0.001) & (0.001) \\[1.25ex]
 Currently Enrolled in College In-State & 0.005** & 0.005*** & 0.003 & 0.006*** & 0.006*** \\
 & (0.002) & (0.002) & (0.003) & (0.002) & (0.002) \\
 \midrule
Sample Size & 5,049 & 5,049 & 2,178 & 2,178 & 1,485 \\ 
Trend & N & Y & N & Y & N \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular*}  

\medskip
\footnotesize 
\emph{Notes}: 
Includes unallocated 2000 Decennial and 2001--2010 ACS survey data at the state-cohort-year level. The dependent variable is the share of a cohort born in a state and aged 24 to 32 at the time of the survey for whom the designated outcome is true. 

Each regression includes state, year, cohort and age fixed effects. Where indicated, the regression also includes a trend in year of birth relative to the year the first treated cohort was born for states with merit aid programs. Regressions are weighted by the number of observations in the given state-cohort-year cell. 

Standard errors are clustered at the state level. 

***, ** and * indicate statistically significant coefficients at the 1, 5, and 10 percent levels, respectively.
\end{table}

\end{document}

Answer

我有两个建议，不分先后顺序。实施任何一个建议都应该节省足够的垂直空白来制作分段标题和两个表格均放在同一页上。