我正在研究使用 TikZ 来表示短语或句子（语调）的音高模式。
我已经让它产生了一些有用的结果，如在附加的 MWE 中一样（尽管在 1.1 中基线似乎没有升级）。
%!TEX TS-program = xelatex
%!TEX encoding = UTF-8 Unicode
\documentclass[a4paper,12pt, oneside]{article}
\usepackage{fontspec}
\defaultfontfeatures{Mapping=tex-text, Scale=MatchLowercase}
\setmainfont{Charis SIL}
\usepackage{tikz}
\begin{document}
\section{Marking intonation using TikZ}
\subsection{Setting words on different levels}
\begin{table}[hbtp]
\begin{tabular}{ll}
\cline{1-1} \noalign{\smallskip}
\tikz[x=1mm,y=1mm,baseline=12] \draw (0,10) node {\underline{Where}} (10,2) node {are} (20,2) node {you} (30,6) node {\underline{go}} (40,0) node{ing?}; & \textit{neutral/default - stress represented by underlining}\\
\cline{1-1} \noalign{\smallskip}
\tikz[x=1mm,y=1mm,baseline=12] \draw (0,0) node {Where} (10,10) node {\underline{are}} (20,5) node {you} (30,2) node {go} (40,0) node{ing?}; & \textit{ e.g. in response to ``I'm not going to the shops after all.''}\\
\cline{1-1}
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
Why do ``are'' and ``you'' in the first example appear on slightly
different levels, even though they are both set to 1mm on the y axis?
Likewise for ``where'' and ``ing'' in the second example.
I'm not sure I'm using ``baseline'' properly here!
\subsection{As above, but boxed}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node[draw] at (0,1) {\underline{Where}};
\node[draw] at (1,0.1) {are};
\node[draw] at (2,0.1) {you};
\node[draw] at (3,0.6) {\underline{go}};
\node[draw] at (4,0) {ing?};
\end{tikzpicture}\
Still have to figure out the difference between ``\textbackslash draw node'' and ``\textbackslash node[draw]''!
\subsection{Graphical contour}
\begin{table}[hbtp]
\begin{tabular}{l}
\tikz[x=1mm,y=1mm,rounded corners=2mm] \draw[very thick, gray](0,10)--(10,2)--(20,2){[red]--(30,6)--(40,0)}; \\
Where are you~~~going?
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
\begin{table}[hbtp]
\begin{tabular}{l}
\tikz[x=1mm,y=1mm,rounded corners=2mm] \draw[very thick, gray](0,10)--(12,2)--(23,2){[red]--(26,6)--(35,0)}; \\
Where are you going?
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
This is preferable to setting the individual words on different levels, but
requires trial and error in (i) matching the length of the whole contour to
the utterance, and (ii) spreading the parts of the contour to match the words
of the utterance, either by spacing the words (first example) or adjusting the
contour points (second example).
\end{document}
但是，我的主要疑问是是否有人有办法在 1.3 中处理这个问题。这涉及反复试验以将轮廓拟合到单词，我想知道是否有任何方法可以将特定的轮廓坐标锚定到特定的音节。我知道可以将线附加到节点，但我找不到让线“浮动”在节点上方的方法。有没有建议允许在键入文本时用锚点标记一行文本，然后在这些锚点之间绘制轮廓？
答案1
继 Matthew Leingang 的回答之后，这里采用了与一些语法糖相同的方法。它会弄乱\catcode一些东西，因此需要小心。
\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\newcount\contourmarkcount
\newdimen\contourraise
{\catcode`\|=13
\gdef\installbarmark#1\ignorespaces{%
#1\ignorespaces%
\catcode`\|=13%
\global\contourmarkcount=0\relax%
\global\def\lastmarkshift{0}%
\let|=\marktext}%
}
\def\star{*}
\newcommand\marktext[1][*]{%
\def\markshift{#1}%
% When not followed by the optional argument
% the contour mark is set at the previous height.
\ifx\markshift\star
\let\markshift=\lastmarkshift%
\fi
\global\advance\contourmarkcount by1\relax%
\xdef\tmpmark{\the\contourmarkcount}%
\tikz[remember picture, overlay, y=\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/contour scale}]
\path [yshift=\contourraise, shift={(0,\markshift)}]
coordinate (\contourmarkprefix-\tmpmark);%
\global\contourmarkcount=\tmpmark\relax%
\global\let\lastmarkshift=\markshift%
}
\tikzset{
intonation contour/.style={%
execute at begin node={%
\installbarmark%
},
append after command={%
\pgfextra{%
\ifnum\contourmarkcount>1
\draw [contour] (\contourmarkprefix-1)
\foreach \y in {2,...,\the\contourmarkcount}{ -- (\contourmarkprefix-\y) };
\fi
}
}
},
% How far above the base line of the text,
raise contour/.code=\pgfmathsetlength\contourraise{#1},
% The `scale' for the values in the contour height specification
contour scale/.initial=3pt,
% The prefix for the contour marks.
contour mark prefix/.code=\xdef\contourmarkprefix{#1},
contour mark prefix=intonation contour,
contour/.style={
draw,
rounded corners=1ex,
}
}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture]
\node [intonation contour, raise contour=0.5cm]
{|[10]Where |[3]are |[3]you |[5]go|[2]ing|[0]?};
\end{tikzpicture}
\begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture]
\node [intonation contour, raise contour=0.5cm, contour mark prefix=my contour]
{|[2]I |am |[7]fina|lly |[4]go|ing |[2]home|[0].};
\path [draw=red, ->] ([yshift=0.25cm]my contour-2) -- ([yshift=0.25cm]my contour-3)
node [midway, left] {\tiny rising};
\path [draw=red, ->] ([yshift=0.25cm]my contour-4) -- ([yshift=0.25cm]my contour-5)
node [midway, right] {\tiny falling};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
只是为了好玩，这里有一个不使用的版本，remember picture所以不需要两次编译。此外，没有摆弄类别代码。不幸的是，它有点复杂，而且字母的排版不太理想，因为它们都在单独的框中。
编辑虽然已经实现了更多的多功能性，但是结果也变得更加复杂。
\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\newdimen\contourraise
\tikzset{
% How far above the base line of the text,
raise contour/.code=\pgfmathsetlength\contourraise{#1},
% The `scale' for the values in the contour height specification
contour scale/.initial=3pt,
% The prefix for the contour marks.
contour mark prefix/.code=\xdef\contourmarkprefix{#1},
contour mark prefix=contour,
% The style for the contour path
contour/.style={
draw,
rounded corners=1ex,
},
% The style for the token nodes
contour token/.style={
anchor=base west,
inner sep=0pt,
text depth=0.6ex, % controls underline depth
},
contour underline/.style={
draw
},
% The character to insert a mark (use with care)
contour mark character/.store in=\contourmarkchar,
contour mark character=|
}
\makeatletter
\def\at@{@}
\newcount\lasttokennumber
\newcount\currenttokennumber
\newcount\contourmarkcount
\newcount\contourtokenunderlinestate
\newcommand\contour[2][]{%
\begin{scope}[#1]
\coordinate (token-0);
\currenttokennumber=0\relax%
\lasttokennumber=0\relax%
\contourmarkcount=0\relax%
\def\lastcontourheight{0}%
\contourtokenunderlinestate=0\relax%
\@contour#2@%
}
% Must check for a spaces
\def\@contour{\futurelet\@token\@checkforspace}
\def\@uscore{_}
\def\@checkforspace{%
\ifx\@token\@sptoken%
\let\@next=\@replacespace%
\else%
\if\@token\contourmarkchar%
\let\@next=\@contour@insertmark
\else%
\if\@token\@uscore
\let\@next=\@contourtoggleunderline%
\else%
\let\@next=\@@contour%
\fi%
\fi%
\fi%
\@next%
}
\def\@contourtoggleunderline#1{%
\advance\contourtokenunderlinestate by1\relax
\ifnum\contourtokenunderlinestate>3\relax%
\contourtokenunderlinestate=0\relax%
\fi%
\@contour%
}
\def\@contour@insertmark{%
\afterassignment\@@contour@insertmark\let\@token=%
}
\def\@@contour@insertmark{%
\futurelet\@token\@@@contour@insertmark}%
\def\@@@contour@insertmark{%
\if\@token[%
\let\@next=\@@@@contour@insertmark%
\else%
\let\currentcontourheight=\lastcontourheight%
\let\@next=\@@@@@contour@insertmark%
\fi%
\@next%
}
\def\@@@@contour@insertmark[#1]{%
\def\@tmp{#1}%
\ifx\@tmp\@empty%
\let\currentcontourheight=\lastcontourheight%
\else%
\def\currentcontourheight{#1}%
\fi%
\@@@@@contour@insertmark}
\def\@@@@@contour@insertmark{%
\advance\contourmarkcount by1\relax%
% Code for inserting mark
\coordinate (\contourmarkprefix-\the\contourmarkcount)
at ([yshift=\contourraise, y=\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/contour scale},
shift={(0,\currentcontourheight)}]token-\the\currenttokennumber.base east);
%
\let\lastcontourheight=\currentcontourheight
\@contour}
\def\customspace{{\hbox to 1ex{\hfill}}}
\def\@replacespace#1{%
\@contour\customspace#1%
}
\def\@@contour#1{%
\def\@token{#1}%
\if\@token\at@
\let\@next=\@@@contour%
\else%
\lasttokennumber=\currenttokennumber%
\advance\currenttokennumber by1%
% Code for typesetting token
\node [contour token/.try] at (token-\the\lasttokennumber.base east) (token-\the\currenttokennumber) {\@token};
% Manage underline state
\ifnum\contourtokenunderlinestate=1\relax%
\coordinate (underline start) at (token-\the\currenttokennumber.south west);
\contourtokenunderlinestate=2\relax%
\else
\ifnum\contourtokenunderlinestate=3\relax%
\coordinate (underline end) at (token-\the\currenttokennumber.south west);
\draw (underline start) -- (underline end);
\contourtokenunderlinestate=0\relax
\fi%
\fi%
\let\@next=\@contour
%
\fi%
\@next%
}
\def\@@@contour{%
\ifnum\contourmarkcount>1
% Code for drawing contour
\draw [contour] (\contourmarkprefix-1)
\foreach \y in {2,...,\the\contourmarkcount}{ -- (\contourmarkprefix-\y) };
%
\fi%
\end{scope}%
}
\makeatother
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[baseline={(0,-0.25)}]
\contour[raise contour=0.5cm]
{|[10]Where |[3]are |[3]_you_ |[5]go|[2]ing|[0]?}
\end{tikzpicture}
\begin{tikzpicture}[baseline={(0,-0.25)}]
\contour[
raise contour=0.5cm,
contour mark prefix=my contour,
contour/.style={
thick,
rounded corners=1mm,
line cap=round,
dotted},
contour mark character=*]
{*[2]I *am *[7]_{fi}na*lly_ *[4]go*ing *[2]home*[0].};
\path [draw=red, ->] ([yshift=0.25cm]my contour-2) -- ([yshift=0.25cm]my contour-3)
node [midway, left] {\tiny rising};
\path [draw=red, ->] ([yshift=0.25cm]my contour-4) -- ([yshift=0.25cm]my contour-5)
node [midway, right] {\tiny falling};
\path (0,-0.25);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
编辑：增强版本希望涵盖上面给出的所有用例。
\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{fit}
\newdimen\contourraise
\newdimen\contourspacetokenwidth
\newcount\lasttokennumber
\newcount\currenttokennumber
\newcount\contourmarkcount
\newcount\contourtokenunderlinestate
\newbox\contourbox
\tikzset{
tight fit/.style={
inner sep=0pt,
outer sep=0pt,
},
%
%
% How far above the reference anchor of the text,
contour raise/.code=\pgfmathsetlength\contourraise{#1},
contour reference anchor/.store in=\contourreferenceanchor,
contour reference anchor=base east,
% The `scale' for the values in the contour height specification
contour scale/.store in=\contourscale,
contour scale=3pt,
% The prefix for the contour marks.
contour mark prefix/.store in=\contourmarkprefix,
contour mark prefix=contour,
% The style for the contour path
contour/.style={
draw,
rounded corners=1ex,
},
% The style for the token nodes
every contour token/.style={
anchor=base west,
inner sep=0pt,
},
contour underline/.style={
draw
},
% The character to insert a mark (use with care)
contour mark character/.store in=\contourmarkchar,
contour mark character=|,
% Want to change the code for contour marks? Use this key.
contour mark code/.store in=\contourmarkcode,
% Want to change the code for tokens? Use this key.
contour token code/.store in=\contourtokencode,
% Want to change the code for drawing the contour? Use this key.
contour code/.store in=\contourcode,
%
% Default stuff
contour mark code={%
\coordinate (\contourmarkprefix-\the\contourmarkcount)
at ([yshift=\contourraise, y=\contourscale,
shift={(0,\currentcontourheight)}]token-\the\currenttokennumber.\contourreferenceanchor);
},
contour token code={%
\node [every contour token/.try] at
(token-\the\lasttokennumber.base east)
(token-\the\currenttokennumber) {\token};
},
contour code={
\draw [contour] (\contourmarkprefix-1)
\foreach \y in {2,...,\the\contourmarkcount}{ --
(\contourmarkprefix-\y) };
},
%
% Don't draw the contour.
tokens only/.style={
contour code={}
},
%
% Only draw the contour (but the space is still used for the tokens)
contour only/.style={
every contour token/.append style={
execute at begin node={\setbox\contourbox=\hbox\bgroup},
execute at end node=\egroup\phantom{\box\contourbox}%
},
underline/.style={
draw=none
}
},
%
% Make tokens follow the contour marks.
tokens follow contour/.style={
tokens only,
contour token code={%
\node [every contour token/.try, y=\contourscale] at
(token-\the\lasttokennumber.base east |-
0,\currentcontourheight)
(token-\the\currenttokennumber) {\token};
},
},
% What style to use when drawing underline
underline/.style={
draw
},
% The underline is drawn along the south side of a node which
% takes this style.
underline token/.style={
inner ysep=1pt
},
% When grouping tokens (e.g., for putting box around)
% this style is applied to a node that is fitted around the group
token group/.style={
inner xsep=1pt,
inner ysep=2pt,
rounded corners=2pt
},
% Draw boxes around tokens groups.
box tokens/.style={
token group/.append style={
draw
}
},
% Change the width of the spaces.
space token width/.code=\pgfmathsetlength\contourspacetokenwidth{#1},
space token width=0.125cm
}
\makeatletter
\def\at@{@}
\newcommand\contour[2][]{%
\begin{scope}[#1]
\coordinate (token-0);
\currenttokennumber=0\relax%
\lasttokennumber=0\relax%
\contourmarkcount=0\relax%
\def\lastcontourheight{0}%
\contourtokenunderlinestate=0\relax%
\@contour#2@%
}
% Must check for a spaces
\def\@contour{\futurelet\@token\@checkforspace}
\def\@uscore{_}
\def\@checkforspace{%
\ifx\@token\@sptoken%
\let\@next=\@replacespace%
\else%
\if\@token\contourmarkchar%
\let\@next=\@contour@insertmark
\else%
\if\@token\@uscore
\let\@next=\@contourtoggleunderline%
\else%
\let\@next=\@@contour%
\fi%
\fi%
\fi%
\@next%
}
\def\@contourtoggleunderline#1{%
\advance\contourtokenunderlinestate by1\relax
\ifnum\contourtokenunderlinestate>3\relax%
\contourtokenunderlinestate=0\relax%
\fi%
\@contour%
}
\def\@contour@insertmark{%
\afterassignment\@@contour@insertmark\let\@token=%
}
\def\@@contour@insertmark{%
\futurelet\@token\@@@contour@insertmark}%
\def\@@@contour@insertmark{%
\if\@token[%
\let\@next=\@@@@contour@insertmark%
\else%
\let\currentcontourheight=\lastcontourheight%
\let\@next=\@@@@@contour@insertmark%
\fi%
\@next%
}
\def\@@@@contour@insertmark[#1]{%
\def\@tmp{#1}%
\ifx\@tmp\@empty%
\let\currentcontourheight=\lastcontourheight%
\else%
\def\currentcontourheight{#1}%
\fi%
\@@@@@contour@insertmark}
\def\@@@@@contour@insertmark{%
\advance\contourmarkcount by1\relax%
% Code for inserting mark
\contourmarkcode%
\let\lastcontourheight=\currentcontourheight%
\@contour}
\def\contourspacetoken{{\hbox to \contourspacetokenwidth{\hfill}}}
\def\@replacespace#1{%
\@contour\contourspacetoken#1%
}
\def\@@contour#1{%
\def\@token{#1}%
\if\@token\at@%
\@contourdounderline%
\pgfutil@ifundefined{pgf@sh@ns@tokengroup}{}{%
\node [tight fit, fit={(tokengroup)}, token group/.try] {};
\global\let\pgf@sh@ns@tokengroup=\relax%
}%
\let\@next=\@@@contour%
\else%
\lasttokennumber=\currenttokennumber%
\advance\currenttokennumber by1%
\let\token=\@token%
% Code for typesetting token
\contourtokencode%
% Manage underline state
\@contourdounderline%
\def\@@token{\contourspacetoken}%
\ifx\@token\@@token%
\pgfutil@ifundefined{pgf@sh@ns@tokengroup}{}{%
\pgfutil@ifundefined{pgf@sh@ns@underline}{}{%
\node [tight fit, fit={(tokengroup) (underline)}]
(tokengroup)
{};}%
\node [tight fit, fit={(tokengroup)}, token group/.try] {};
\global\let\pgf@sh@ns@tokengroup=\relax%
}%
\else
\pgfutil@ifundefined{pgf@sh@ns@tokengroup}{%
\node [tight fit,
fit={(token-\the\currenttokennumber)}]
(tokengroup) {};
}{%
\node [tight fit,
fit={(token-\the\currenttokennumber)
(tokengroup)}]
(tokengroup){};
}%
\fi%
\let\@next=\@contour
%
\fi%
\@next%
}
\def\@contourdounderline{%
\ifcase\contourtokenunderlinestate%
\or
\node [tight fit, fit={(token-\the\currenttokennumber)}]
(underline) {};
\contourtokenunderlinestate=2\relax%
\or%
\node [tight fit,fit={(token-\the\currenttokennumber) (underline)}]
(underline) {};
\or%
\node [tight fit, fit={(underline)}, underline token/.try]
(underline) {};
\draw [underline/.try]
(underline.south west) -- (underline.south east);
\pgfutil@ifundefined{pgf@sh@ns@tokengroup}{}{%
\node [tight fit, fit={(tokengroup) (underline)}]
(tokengroup) {};%
\node [tight fit, fit={(tokengroup)}, token group/.try] {};
\global\let\pgf@sh@ns@tokengroup=\relax%
\global\let\pgf@sh@ns@underline=\relax%
}
\contourtokenunderlinestate=0\relax
\fi%
}
\def\@@@contour{%
\ifnum\contourmarkcount>1
% Code for drawing contour
\contourcode%
\fi%
\end{scope}%
}
\makeatother
\begin{document}
\begin{tabular}{c}
\\
\begin{tikzpicture}
\contour[tokens follow contour]
{|[10]_Where_ |[3]are you |[6]_go_|[1]ing?|[0]}
\end{tikzpicture}
\\[0.5cm]
\begin{tikzpicture}
\contour[tokens follow contour, box tokens, space token width=0.2cm]
{|[10]_Where_ |[3]are you |[6]_go_ |[1]ing?|[0]}
\end{tikzpicture}
\\[0.5cm]
\begin{tikzpicture}
\contour[contour raise=0.5cm]
{|[10]_Where_ |[3]are you |[6]_go_|[1]ing?|[0]}
\end{tikzpicture}
\\[0.5cm]
\begin{tikzpicture}
\contour[contour raise=0.5cm]
{|[10]Where |[3]are |[3]_you_ |[5]go|[2]ing?|[0]}
\contour[contour raise=0.5cm, contour only, contour/.append style={dashed}]
{|[0]Where |[2]are |[8]you |[2]go|[2]ing?|[1]}
\end{tikzpicture}
\\[1cm]
\begin{tikzpicture}
\contour[tokens follow contour,
contour mark character=*]
{*[2]I *am *[7]_{fi}na*lly_ *[4]go*ing *[2]_home_*[0]};
\end{tikzpicture}
\\[0.5cm]
\begin{tikzpicture}
\contour[
contour raise=0.5cm,
contour mark prefix=my contour,
contour/.style={
thick,
rounded corners=1mm,
line cap=round,
dotted},
contour mark character=*]
{*[2]I *am *[7]_{fi}na*lly_ *[4]go*ing *[2]home*[0].};
\path [draw=red, ->] ([yshift=0.25cm]my contour-2) -- ([yshift=0.25cm]my
contour-3)
node [midway, left] {\tiny rising};
\path [draw=red, ->] ([yshift=0.25cm]my contour-4) -- ([yshift=0.25cm]my
contour-5)
node [midway, right] {\tiny falling};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{tabular}
\end{document}
答案2
我会用著名的\tikzmark宏并将其与交叉点坐标相结合。以下是代码：
\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\newcommand{\tikzmark}[1]{\tikz[overlay,remember picture,baseline] \node [anchor=base] (#1) {};}%
\tikzstyle{intonation}=[rounded corners=2mm,yshift=1.5ex]
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture]
\node{\tikzmark{w}Where \tikzmark{a}are \tikzmark{y}you \tikzmark{g}go\tikzmark{i}ing\tikzmark{q}?};
\draw[intonation] (w |- 0,1) -- (a |- 0,0.2) -- (y |- 0,0.2) -- (g |- 0,0.6) -- (q |- 0,0);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
宏\tikzmark保存了调用它的文档点的坐标。因此，节点文本保存了句子中各个点的\tikzmark{w}Where \tikzmark{a}are...坐标，称为w、等。a
如果A和B是 TikZ 节点或坐标，则是通过的垂直线和通过的水平线(A |- B)的交点。因此其AB(w |- 0,1)X坐标基线左点瓦在在哪里， 和是坐标 1。你可以改变它是按照您希望的方式为其他坐标名称设置坐标。
结果如下：
您可能能够设计一个宏来指定/标记文本并定义是-values 在同一个参数中。但这是一种可能的实现。
答案3
我不确定我是否把坐标放在了正确的位置（并\zzb在两个点上重复使用），但是
%!TEX TS-program = xelatex
%!TEX encoding = UTF-8 Unicode
\documentclass[a4paper,12pt, oneside]{article}
\usepackage{fontspec}
\defaultfontfeatures{Mapping=tex-text, Scale=MatchLowercase}
\setmainfont{Charis SIL}
\makeatletter
\def\savecoordinate#1#2{\sbox0{#2}\edef#1{\strip@pt\wd0}}
\makeatother
\usepackage{tikz}
\begin{document}
\savecoordinate\zza{Where }
\savecoordinate\zzb{Where are you}
\savecoordinate\zzc{Where are you going?}
\begin{table}[hbtp]
\begin{tabular}{l}
\tikz[x=1pt,y=1mm,rounded corners=2mm] \draw[very thick, gray](0,10)--(\zza,2)--(\zzb,2)--(\zzb,6)--(\zzc,0); \\
\mbox{Where are you going?}
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
\end{document}
答案4
1.1
问题不是baseline。tikzpicture 环境定义了一个框（tex 的框）。这个框有深度和高度。默认情况下，深度为空，高度是框的高度。这是因为左下角的点定义了基线。在接下来的代码中，我写了，baseline=(current bounding box.east) 因为我不想使用表格。我认为用 tikz 放置对象非常容易。文本\textit{neutral/default - stress represented by underlining}与框的中间对齐。
备注：我需要放入文本，因为下一个文本中\mbox有一个。\overful box
问题在于是和你可以避免这种情况every node/.style={anchor=base}。这是盒子和深度的问题。带有字母的盒子y深度很大。anchor=base所有节点都有相同的基线。
最后说明：为了获得与表格相同的结果，我使用了show background bottom等。
\begin{table}[hbtp]
\begin{tikzpicture}[baseline=(current bounding box.east),every node/.style={anchor=base},show background top,show background bottom]
\path (0,1) node {\underline{Where}} (1,.2) node {are} (2,.2) node {you} (3,.6) node {\underline{go}} (4,0) node{ing?};
\end{tikzpicture}%
\mbox{\textit{neutral/default - stress represented by underlining}}%
\begin{tikzpicture}[baseline=(current bounding box.east),every node/.style={anchor=base},show background bottom]
\draw (0,0) node {Where} (1,1) node {\underline{are}} (2,.5) node {you} (3,.2) node {go} (4,0) node{ing?};
\end{tikzpicture}%
\mbox{\textit{e.g. in response to ``I'm not going to the shops after all.''}}%
\end{table}
1.2
当你在路径中添加节点时，该节点并不完全是路径的一部分。它是一个附加到路径的对象，但路径的某些选项不用于节点
\draw node ...,表示\path[draw] node ... ; 你决定绘制路径，但draw路径的选项不是draw节点的选项。如果你想绘制路径和节点，你需要写\path[draw] node[draw] ... ;
1.3
完整代码及结果
%!TEX TS-program = xelatex
%!TEX encoding = UTF-8 Unicode
\documentclass[a4paper,12pt, oneside]{article}
\usepackage{fontspec}
\defaultfontfeatures{Mapping=tex-text, Scale=MatchLowercase}
\setmainfont{Charis SIL}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{backgrounds}
\begin{document}
\section{Marking intonation using TikZ}
\subsection{Setting words on different levels}
\begin{table}[hbtp]
\begin{tikzpicture}[baseline=(current bounding box.east),every node/.style={anchor=base},show background top,show background bottom]
\path (0,1) node {\underline{Where}} (1,.2) node {are} (2,.2) node {you} (3,.6) node {\underline{go}} (4,0) node{ing?};
\end{tikzpicture}%
\mbox{\textit{neutral/default - stress represented by underlining}}%
\begin{tikzpicture}[baseline=(current bounding box.east),every node/.style={anchor=base},show background bottom]
\draw (0,0) node {Where} (1,1) node {\underline{are}} (2,.5) node {you} (3,.2) node {go} (4,0) node{ing?};
\end{tikzpicture}%
\mbox{\textit{e.g. in response to ``I'm not going to the shops after all.''}}%
\end{table}
\subsection{Final attempt}
\makeatletter
\xdef\tmp{}
\def\MarkWord(#1/#2){%
\node[anchor=base west,inner sep=0pt] (a) at (\xa,#2) {#1};
\path (a.west);\pgfgetlastxy{\xa}{\ya}
\xdef\tmp{\tmp(\xa,#2)}%
\path (a.base east) -- ++(1 ex,0) coordinate (a);
\path (a);
\pgfgetlastxy{\xa}{\ya}
\global\let\xa\xa
}
\def\util@empty{}
\def\multiwords#1 #2\@nil{%
\protected@edef\@temp{%
\noexpand\MarkWord(#1)}\@temp
\def\@nextArg{#2}%
\ifx\util@empty\@nextArg
\let\next\@gobble
\fi
\next#2\@nil
}
\def\MarkWords#1{%
\begingroup
\path (0,0) coordinate (a);
\xdef\xa{0}
\let\next\multiwords
\next#1 \@nil %
\endgroup
}
\makeatother
\begin{tikzpicture}
\MarkWords{Where/1 are/.2 you/.2 go/.6 ing?/0}
\path[draw,red] (0,0) plot[smooth] coordinates{\tmp};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
