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我该如何改进这些电压注释

tag-icon • tag-icon tikz-pgf tikz-styles tikz-circuit-lib
我该如何改进这些电压注释

在法国，我们在偶极子上方或下方画一个箭头来表示其两极之间的电位差。我试图使用tikz电路库（不是circuitz）的思想来自动化这一过程。代码改编自代码direction info。

我有以下代码。它可以工作，但还不够完美。

  • 它允许颠倒标签。
  • 有时标签会与箭头重叠。
  • 我感觉它只是部分符合tikz处理样式和选项的方式。
  • 它很冗长（未重构）。

我应该做什么以及如何改善这种情况？

在此处输入图片描述

\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{circuits.ee.IEC}

\tikzset{%
  voltage info/.is family,
  voltage info/vertical offset/.initial = .5,
  voltage info/arrow direction/.initial = ->,
  voltage info/horizontal offset/.initial = 2,
  voltage info/label position/.initial = above,
  voltage info/label rotate/.initial = 0,
  voltage info/label/.initial = {}
}

\tikzset{%
  voltage arrow/.style = {%
    /utils/exec = {%
      \pgfsetarrowoptions{direction ee}{%
        .4*\the\tikzcircuitssizeunit+.3*\the\pgflinewidth}},
    > = direction ee},
  voltage info sloped/.style = {% 
    append after command = {%
      \bgroup
        [voltage info/.cd,#1]
        [current point is local=true]
        [every voltage info/.try]
        [shift={($(\tikzlastnode.north)+(0,\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/voltage info/vertical offset}\tikzcircuitssizeunit)$)}]
        [voltage arrow,\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/voltage info/arrow direction}]
        (-\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/voltage info/horizontal offset}\tikzcircuitssizeunit,0)
        edge[line to] 
        node[\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/voltage info/label
          position},transform shape,rotate = \pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/voltage
          info/label rotate}] {\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/voltage info/label}}
        (\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/voltage info/horizontal offset}\tikzcircuitssizeunit,0)
      \egroup
    }
  },
  voltage info' sloped/.style = {% 
    append after command = {%
      \bgroup
        [voltage info/.cd,label position = below,#1]
        [current point is local=true]
        [every voltage info/.try]
        [shift={($(\tikzlastnode.south)+(0,-\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/voltage info/vertical offset}\tikzcircuitssizeunit)$)}]
        [voltage arrow,\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/voltage info/arrow direction}]
        (-\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/voltage info/horizontal offset}\tikzcircuitssizeunit,0)
        edge[line to] 
        node[\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/voltage info/label
          position},transform shape,rotate = \pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/voltage
          info/label rotate}] {\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/voltage info/label}}
        (\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/voltage info/horizontal offset}\tikzcircuitssizeunit,0)
      \egroup
    }
  },
  voltage info/.style = {% 
    append after command = {%
      \bgroup
        [voltage info/.cd,#1]
        [current point is local=true]
        [every voltage info/.try]
        [shift={($(\tikzlastnode.north)+(0,\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/voltage info/vertical offset}\tikzcircuitssizeunit)$)}]
        [voltage arrow,\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/voltage info/arrow direction}]
        (-\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/voltage info/horizontal offset}\tikzcircuitssizeunit,0)
        edge[line to] 
        node[\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/voltage info/label
          position},rotate = \pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/voltage
          info/label rotate}] {\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/voltage info/label}}
        (\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/voltage info/horizontal offset}\tikzcircuitssizeunit,0)
      \egroup
    }
  },
  voltage info'/.style = {% 
    append after command = {%
      \bgroup
        [voltage info/.cd,label position = below,#1]
        [current point is local=true]
        [every voltage info/.try]
        [shift={($(\tikzlastnode.south)+(0,-\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/voltage info/vertical offset}\tikzcircuitssizeunit)$)}]
        [voltage arrow,\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/voltage info/arrow direction}]
        (-\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/voltage info/horizontal offset}\tikzcircuitssizeunit,0)
        edge[line to] 
        node[\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/voltage info/label
          position},rotate = \pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/voltage
          info/label rotate}] {\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/voltage info/label}}
        (\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/voltage info/horizontal offset}\tikzcircuitssizeunit,0)
      \egroup
    }
  }
}


\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[circuit ee IEC]
  \draw (0,0) to[resistor = {% 
    voltage info = {label = $u_R$},
    voltage info' = {label = $u_R$}}] (2,2);
  \draw (2,0) to[resistor = {% 
    voltage info sloped = {label = $u_R$},
    voltage info' sloped= {label = $u_R$}}] (4,2);
  \begin{scope}[shift = {(4.5,2)}]
    \draw (0,0) 
          to[resistor = {voltage info sloped = {label = $u_R$}}]
          ++ (2,0)
          to[resistor = {voltage info sloped = {label = $u_R$}}]
          ++ (0,-2)
          to[resistor = {voltage info sloped = {label = $u_R$}}]
          ++ (-2,0);          
  \end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

答案1

我相信我可以帮助您解决前两点。

  • 它允许颠倒标签。

这是因为你sloped设置了选项。如果你关闭它，那么你的右边的例子就变成了

在此处输入图片描述

这样就修复了标签颠倒的问题。但是然后...

  • 有时标签会与箭头重叠。

可以通过auto为voltage info节点提供选项来解决此问题。这会导致...

在此处输入图片描述

唯一的问题是，你的左边的例子看起来仍然有点不对......

在此处输入图片描述

但可以使用auto,swap节点选项来解决voltage info'这个问题，将这些标签放在箭头的另一侧。

在此处输入图片描述

完整代码如下。

\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{circuits.ee.IEC}

\tikzset{%
  voltage info/.is family,
  voltage info/vertical offset/.initial = .5,
  voltage info/arrow direction/.initial = ->,
  voltage info/horizontal offset/.initial = 2,
  voltage info/label position/.initial = above,
  voltage info/label rotate/.initial = 0,
  voltage info/label/.initial = {}
}

\tikzset{%
  voltage arrow/.style = {%
    /utils/exec = {%
      \pgfsetarrowoptions{direction ee}{%
        .4*\the\tikzcircuitssizeunit+.3*\the\pgflinewidth}},
    > = direction ee},
  voltage info sloped/.style = {% 
    append after command = {%
      \bgroup
        [voltage info/.cd,#1]
        [current point is local=true]
        [every voltage info/.try]
        [shift={($(\tikzlastnode.north)+(0,\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/voltage info/vertical offset}\tikzcircuitssizeunit)$)}]
        [voltage arrow,\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/voltage info/arrow direction}]
        (-\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/voltage info/horizontal offset}\tikzcircuitssizeunit,0)
        edge[line to] 
        node[\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/voltage info/label
          position},transform shape,rotate = \pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/voltage
          info/label rotate}] {\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/voltage info/label}}
        (\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/voltage info/horizontal offset}\tikzcircuitssizeunit,0)
      \egroup
    }
  },
  voltage info' sloped/.style = {% 
    append after command = {%
      \bgroup
        [voltage info/.cd,label position = below,#1]
        [current point is local=true]
        [every voltage info/.try]
        [shift={($(\tikzlastnode.south)+(0,-\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/voltage info/vertical offset}\tikzcircuitssizeunit)$)}]
        [voltage arrow,\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/voltage info/arrow direction}]
        (-\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/voltage info/horizontal offset}\tikzcircuitssizeunit,0)
        edge[line to] 
        node[\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/voltage info/label
          position},transform shape,rotate = \pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/voltage
          info/label rotate}] {\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/voltage info/label}}
        (\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/voltage info/horizontal offset}\tikzcircuitssizeunit,0)
      \egroup
    }
  },
  voltage info/.style = {% 
    append after command = {%
      \bgroup
        [voltage info/.cd,#1]
        [current point is local=true]
        [every voltage info/.try]
        [shift={($(\tikzlastnode.north)+(0,\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/voltage info/vertical offset}\tikzcircuitssizeunit)$)}]
        [voltage arrow,\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/voltage info/arrow direction}]
        (-\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/voltage info/horizontal offset}\tikzcircuitssizeunit,0)
        edge[line to] 
        node[\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/voltage info/label
          position},auto,rotate = \pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/voltage
          info/label rotate}] {\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/voltage info/label}}
        (\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/voltage info/horizontal offset}\tikzcircuitssizeunit,0)
      \egroup
    }
  },
  voltage info'/.style = {% 
    append after command = {%
      \bgroup
        [voltage info/.cd,label position = below,#1]
        [current point is local=true]
        [every voltage info/.try]
        [shift={($(\tikzlastnode.south)+(0,-\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/voltage info/vertical offset}\tikzcircuitssizeunit)$)}]
        [voltage arrow,\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/voltage info/arrow direction}]
        (-\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/voltage info/horizontal offset}\tikzcircuitssizeunit,0)
        edge[line to] 
        node[\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/voltage info/label
          position},auto,swap,rotate = \pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/voltage
          info/label rotate}] {\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/voltage info/label}}
        (\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/voltage info/horizontal offset}\tikzcircuitssizeunit,0)
      \egroup
    }
  }
}


\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[circuit ee IEC]
  \draw (0,0) to[resistor = {% 
    voltage info = {label = $u_R$},
    voltage info' = {label = $u_R$}}] (2,2);
  \draw (2,0) to[resistor = {% 
    voltage info sloped = {label = $u_R$},
    voltage info' sloped= {label = $u_R$}}] (4,2);
  \begin{scope}[shift = {(4.5,2)}]
    \draw (0,0) 
          to[resistor = {voltage info = {label = $u_R$}}]
          ++ (2,0)
          to[resistor = {voltage info = {label = $u_R$}}]
          ++ (0,-2)
          to[resistor = {voltage info = {label = $u_R$}}]
          ++ (-2,0);          
  \end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

答案2

我已经制作了这个，但没有使用tikz，PSTricks特别是pst-circ可以绘制电路图的包...我相信它更强大（和更方便），但这是我的观点......

我在下面做了一个 MWE。

labelangle=:U它是确定组件和标签方向（以及名称）之间角度的线。:U将以相同的意义表达，但您可以指定所需的任何角度。

\documentclass[a4paper, 11pt]{article}
\usepackage[frenchb]{babel}

\usepackage{pst-circ}

\begin{document}
\begin{pspicture}[showgrid=true](0, -1)(12, 4)
\pnode(0, 0){A}
\pnode(3, 3){B}
\pnode(4, 0){C}
\pnode(7, 3){D}
\pnode(8, 3){E}
\pnode(11, 3){F}
\pnode(11, 0){G}
\pnode(8, 0){H}
\resistor[labeloffset=0,
    labelangle=:U,
    tensionlabel=$u_R$,
    tensionoffset=0.7,
    tensionlabeloffset=1](A)(B){$R$}
\resistor[labeloffset=0,
    tensionlabel=$u_R$,
    tensionoffset=0.7,
    tensionlabeloffset=1](C)(D){$R$}
\resistor[labeloffset=0,
        tensionlabel=$u_R$,
    tensionoffset=-0.7,
    tensionlabeloffset=-1,
    directconvention=false](F)(E){$R$}
\resistor[labeloffset=0,
    %labelangle=:U,         TO PUT THE R IN THE SAME SENSE AS THE RESISTOR
    tensionlabel=$u_R$,
    tensionoffset=-0.7,
    tensionlabeloffset=-1,
    directconvention=false](G)(F){$R$}
\resistor[labeloffset=0,
    tensionlabel=$u_R$,
    tensionoffset=-0.7,
    tensionlabeloffset=-1,
    directconvention=false](H)(G){$R$}
\end{pspicture}
\end{document}

输出如下：

输出

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