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字母“p”破坏垂直对齐

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字母“p”破坏垂直对齐

我创建了一个简单的图表。

\begin{figure}[t]
  \begin{center}
    \setlength{\unitlength}{10pt}
    \begin{picture}(24,4)
      \setlength\fboxsep{0pt}
      \put(0,2){$\underbrace{\strut \fcolorbox{black}{teal0}{\framebox(6,2){Preamble}}\fcolorbox{black}{purp0}{\framebox(7,2){Start code}}}_\textrm{Stage 1: estimate M}$}
      \put(13,2){$\underbrace{\strut \fcolorbox{black}{lime0}{\framebox(5,2){Data}}\fcolorbox{black}{orange0}{\framebox(6,2){Stop code}}}_\textrm{Stage 2: sample and decode}$}
    \end{picture}
    \caption{Packet format.}
    \label{fig:packet}
  \end{center}
\end{figure}

并创建以下内容： 在此处输入图片描述

但是，如果仔细观察，您会发现最后一个框中的文本与其他框中的文本不对齐，这是因为“p”的原因。我想将其对齐。解决方案应尽可能接近原始图像，并且不需要 TikZ 等附加软件包。

答案1

请始终发布显示所有使用过的包装（和颜色）的完整文件。我制作了一些不同的颜色。

无论如何，由于您处于图片模式，因此使用\put坐标直接控制括号的位置更容易，并且可以使用隐藏文本的深度\raisebox. 在此处输入图片描述

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{color}
\begin{document}

\begin{figure}[t]
  \begin{center}
    \setlength{\unitlength}{10pt}
    \begin{picture}(24,4)
      \setlength\fboxsep{0pt}
      \put(0,2){\fcolorbox{black}{red}{\framebox(6,2){Preamble}}%
                \fcolorbox{black}{blue}{\framebox(7,2){Start code}}%
                \fcolorbox{black}{yellow}{\framebox(5,2){Data}}%
                \fcolorbox{black}{green}{\framebox(6,2){\raisebox{0pt}[\height][0pt]{Stop code}}}}

      \put(0,0){\makebox(13.2,2){\upbracefill}\makebox(11.2,2){\upbracefill}}

      \put(0,-1){\makebox(13.2,2){Stage 1: estimate M}%
                \makebox(11.2,2){Stage 2: sample and decode}}



    \end{picture}
    \caption{Packet format.}
    \label{fig:packet}
  \end{center}
\end{figure}

\end{document}

答案2

这全都与以下位置有关\strut：

在此处输入图片描述

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{xcolor}% http://ctan.org/pkg/xcolor

\begin{document}

\begin{center}
  \setlength{\unitlength}{10pt}
  \begin{picture}(24,4)
    \setlength\fboxsep{0pt}
    \put(0,2){$\underbrace{\strut \fcolorbox{black}{red}{\framebox(6,2){Preamble}}\fcolorbox{black}{blue}{\framebox(7,2){Start code}}}_\textrm{Stage 1: estimate M}$}%
    \put(13,2){$\underbrace{\strut \fcolorbox{black}{green}{\framebox(5,2){Data}}\fcolorbox{black}{yellow}{\framebox(6,2){Stop code}}}_\textrm{Stage 2: sample and decode}$}
  \end{picture}
\end{center}

\begin{center}
  \setlength{\unitlength}{10pt}
  \begin{picture}(24,4)
    \setlength\fboxsep{0pt}
    \put(0,2){$\underbrace{\fcolorbox{black}{red}{\framebox(6,2){\strut Preamble}}\fcolorbox{black}{blue}{\framebox(7,2){\strut Start code}}}_\textrm{Stage 1: estimate M}$}%
    \put(13,2){$\underbrace{\fcolorbox{black}{green}{\framebox(5,2){\strut Data}}\fcolorbox{black}{yellow}{\framebox(6,2){\strut Stop code}}}_\textrm{Stage 2: sample and decode}$}
  \end{picture}
\end{center}

\end{document}

上图是原始输出，下图\strut在每个框中使用了。由于您使用的是\fcolorbox，因此您可以创建类似

\newcommand{\paddedbox}[4][1ex]{%
  {\setlength{\fboxsep}{#1}\fcolorbox{#2}{#3}{\strut\quad#4\quad}}}%

它创建一个填充框（通过设置\fboxsep；默认值为1ex），垂直和水平（通过额外放置\quads（1em空格）。代码更简洁一些

\begin{center}
  \setlength{\unitlength}{10pt}
  \begin{picture}(24,4)
    \put(0,2){$\underbrace{\paddedbox{black}{red}{Preamble}\paddedbox{black}{blue}{Start code}}_\textrm{Stage 1: estimate M}$}%
    \put(15,2){$\underbrace{\paddedbox{black}{green}{Data}\paddedbox{black}{yellow}{Stop code}}_\textrm{Stage 2: sample and decode}$}
  \end{picture}
\end{center}

并产生

在此处输入图片描述

答案3

作为参考，TikZ 的相同问题可以按照以下方法修复TikZ 和节点内文本的垂直对齐问题。

结合这个提示在 TikZ 中使用括号连接节点，可以构建以下解决方案：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz,pdftexcmds}
\usetikzlibrary{calc,shapes.arrows,decorations.pathreplacing,shadows}

% list of keys
\pgfkeys{/tikz/.cd,
  border color/.initial=black,
  border color/.get=\bordercol,
  border color/.store in=\bordercol,
  brace color/.initial=black,
  brace color/.get=\bracecol,
  brace color/.store in=\bracecol,
  brace distance/.initial=5pt,
  brace distance/.get=\bracedistance,
  brace distance/.store in=\bracedistance,
  brace position/.initial=north,
  brace position/.get=\bracepos,
  brace position/.store in=\bracepos,
  items height/.initial=1cm,
  items height/.get=\itemheight,
  items height/.store in=\itemheight,
  items width/.initial=3cm,
  items width/.get=\itemwidth,
  items width/.store in=\itemwidth,
  items distance/.initial=\itemwidth,
  items distance/.get=\itemdistance,
  items distance/.store in=\itemdistance,  
}

% list of styles
\tikzset{module/.style={
    draw=\bordercol,
    minimum height=\itemheight,
    minimum width=\itemwidth,
    text height=1.5ex,
    text depth=.25ex,
  },
  brace/.style={
    decoration={brace,raise=\bracedistance,amplitude=0.75em,#1},
    decorate,
    draw=\bracecol,
    very thick,    
  }
}

\makeatletter
\newcommand{\braceddiagram}[3][]{
  \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.9,transform shape,#1] % here we can pass options:
      % scale=0.9,transform shape are used to avoid overfull and underfull boxes

     % counting all the items to be displayed
     \foreach \items/\colors [count=\xi] in {#2}{\global\let\maxnumitem\xi}

     % foreach item we are going to compute at which distance it should be located
     % and then we put it with the module style and with a name <module><num-module>
     \foreach \items/\colors [count=\xi] in {#2}{%
       \path let 
         \n1={0+\xi*\itemdistance} in
         node[module,fill=\colors] (module\xi) at +(\n1,0) {\items};
     }

     % at the end we draw the brace with the comment
     \ifnum\pdf@strcmp{\bracepos}{south}=\z@
       \draw[brace=mirror] (module1.south west)--(module\maxnumitem.south east)
        node[below=3*\bracedistance, midway]{#3};
     \else
       \draw[brace] (module1.north west)--(module\maxnumitem.north east)
        node[above=3*\bracedistance, midway]{#3};
     \fi

  \end{tikzpicture}
}
\makeatother


\begin{document}

Generic examples:

\braceddiagram[brace distance=4pt]{Bla/red, Bla/blue, Bla/green}{Some comment}

\vspace{1cm}

\tikzset{my style for the diagram/.style={
    brace distance=6pt,
    brace position=south,
  }
}

\braceddiagram[my style for the diagram]{Bla/red, Bla/blue, Bla/green,Bla/yellow}{Some other comment}

\vspace{1cm}

The real example:

\begin{center}
\braceddiagram[my style for the diagram]{Preamble/red, Start code/blue}{Stage 1: estimate M}
\braceddiagram[my style for the diagram]{Data/green,Stop code/yellow}{Stage 2: sample and decode}
\end{center}

\end{document}

结果：

在此处输入图片描述

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