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不同大小的条形图组之间的距离一致

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不同大小的条形图组之间的距离一致

我正在尝试制作一个条形图，其中始终有一个条形与多个条形配对。出现了两个问题——首先，第一个条形被认为有 6 个其他条形伙伴，并被推到左边。我知道这个问题已经得到解答这里，但还有更多。第二个问题是，假设解决方案（第二个 MWE），我会在组之间浪费大量空白。关于如何实现条形组和图边缘之间的均匀间距，有什么想法吗？如果需要，肮脏的黑客和手动方法也可以。

\documentclass[border=5pt]{standalone}

\usepackage{pgfplots}
    \pgfplotsset{compat=newest}

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[
    ybar,
    width=12cm,
    xmin=0,xmax=2,
    enlarge x limits=0.3,
    ]
\addplot coordinates {
    (0,2.5) };
\addplot coordinates {
    (1,5) (2,7) };
\addplot coordinates {
    (1,4) (2,10) };
\addplot coordinates {
    (1,5) (2,8) };
\addplot coordinates {
    (1,2) (2,6) };
\addplot coordinates {
    (1,8) (2,10) };
\addplot coordinates {
    (1,7) (2,4) };
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

\documentclass[border=5pt]{standalone}

\usepackage{pgfplots}
    \pgfplotsset{compat=newest}

\pgfplotsset{
    % #1: index in the group(0,1,2,...)
    % #2: number of plots of that group
    bar group size/.style 2 args={
        /pgf/bar shift={%
                % total width = n*w + (n-1)*skip
                % -> subtract half for centering
                -0.5*(#2*\pgfplotbarwidth + (#2-1)*\pgfkeysvalueof{/pgfplots/bar group skip})  + 
                % the '0.5*w' is for centering
                (.5+#1)*\pgfplotbarwidth + #1*\pgfkeysvalueof{/pgfplots/bar group skip}},%
    },
    bar group skip/.initial=0pt,
}

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[
    plot1/.style={fill=red!20},
    plot2/.style={fill=blue!20},
    ybar,
    width=12cm,
    xmin=0,xmax=2,
    enlarge x limits=0.2,
    ]
\addplot [bar group size={5}{6}] coordinates {
    (0,2.5) };
\addplot [plot1,bar group size={0}{6}] coordinates {
    (1,5) (2,7) };
\addplot [plot2,bar group size={1}{6}] coordinates {
    (1,4) (2,10) };
\addplot [plot1,bar group size={2}{6}] coordinates {
    (1,5) (2,8) };
\addplot [plot2,bar group size={3}{6}] coordinates {
    (1,2) (2,6) };
\addplot [plot1,bar group size={4}{6}] coordinates {
    (1,8) (2,10) };
\addplot [plot2,bar group size={5}{6}] coordinates {
    (1,7) (2,4) };
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

答案1

为此，我将使用两个相对于彼此定位的独立轴。

使用一些样式，您可以保持非常易于维护。在下面的代码中，我定义了键，因此您只需将键应用于kynes left axis单个条形的轴，以及kynes right axis应用于条形组的轴。您可以使用 设置条形组之间的间隙以及轴和条形之间的间隙/pgfplots/group gap。

该图是使用以下方法生成的：

\begin{tikzpicture}
\pgfplotsset{
    group size=6,
    group gap=0.5cm,
    /pgf/bar width=0.35cm
}
\begin{axis}[
    kynes left axis,
    ]
\addplot [fill=red, draw=black] coordinates {(0,2.5)};
\end{axis}
\begin{axis}[
    kynes right axis
    ]
\addplot [plot1] coordinates {
    (1,5) (2,7) };
\addplot [plot2] coordinates {
    (1,4) (2,10) };
\addplot [plot1] coordinates {
    (1,5) (2,8) };
\addplot [plot2] coordinates {
    (1,2) (2,6) };
\addplot [plot1] coordinates {
    (1,8) (2,10) };
\addplot [plot2] coordinates {
    (1,7) (2,4) };
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}

完整代码如下：

\documentclass[border=5pt]{standalone}

\usepackage{pgfplots}
    \pgfplotsset{compat=newest}

\begin{document}

\pgfplotsset{
    group gap/.initial=0.75cm,
    group size/.initial=6,
    kynes axis/.style={
        plot1/.style={fill=red!20},
        plot2/.style={fill=blue!20},
        ybar=0pt, % No gap between bars
        ymin=0, ymax=11,
    },
    kynes left axis/.style={
            kynes axis,
        name=kynes left axis,
            axis y line*=left,
        clip=false,
        xmin=-0.5, xmax=0.5,
        xtick=data,
        x=\pgfkeysvalueof{/pgf/bar width},
        enlarge x limits={abs=\pgfkeysvalueof{/pgfplots/group gap}, lower}
    },
    kynes right axis/.style={
            kynes axis,
            at=(kynes left axis.east),
            anchor=west,
            axis y line*=right,
            xtick=data,
            ytick=\empty,
            x=\pgfkeysvalueof{/pgfplots/group size}*\pgfkeysvalueof{/pgf/bar width}+\pgfkeysvalueof{/pgfplots/group gap},
            enlarge x limits={abs=\pgfkeysvalueof{/pgfplots/group size}/2*\pgfkeysvalueof{/pgf/bar width}+\pgfkeysvalueof{/pgfplots/group gap}},
    }
}

\begin{tikzpicture}
\pgfplotsset{
    group size=6,
    group gap=0.5cm,
    /pgf/bar width=0.35cm
}
\begin{axis}[
    kynes left axis,
    ]
\addplot [fill=red, draw=black] coordinates {(0,2.5)};
\end{axis}
\begin{axis}[
    kynes right axis
    ]
\addplot [plot1] coordinates {
    (1,5) (2,7) };
\addplot [plot2] coordinates {
    (1,4) (2,10) };
\addplot [plot1] coordinates {
    (1,5) (2,8) };
\addplot [plot2] coordinates {
    (1,2) (2,6) };
\addplot [plot1] coordinates {
    (1,8) (2,10) };
\addplot [plot2] coordinates {
    (1,7) (2,4) };
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

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