使用 amsthm：更改定理选项和断线

Question

使用amsthm，是否可以按如下方式更改设置？

定理/编号/名称/引用：

身体

我尝试写：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsthm}

\newtheoremstyle{mystyle}% name
  {3pt}%Space above
  {3pt}%Space below
  {\normalfont}%Body font
  {0pt}%Indent amount
  {\itshape}% Theorem head font
  {:}%Punctuation after theorem head
  {\newline}%Space after theorem head 2
  {}%Theorem head spec (can be left empty, meaning ‘normal’)

\theoremstyle{mystyle}
\newtheorem{teorem}{Theorem}

\begin{document}

\begin{theorem}[Ordinary differential][\cite{1}]
Test 
\end{theorem}

\end{document}

Answer 1

一种可能性是使用xparse包使用两个所需的可选参数来定义环境：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsthm}
\usepackage{xparse}

\newcommand\thmcite{}

\newtheoremstyle{mystyle}% name
  {\topsep}%Space above
  {\topsep}%Space below
  {\itshape}%Body font
  {0pt}%Indent amount
  {\bfseries}% Theorem head font
  {:}%Punctuation after theorem head
  {\newline}%Space after theorem head 2
  {\thmname{#1}~\thmnumber{#2}\thmnote{~(#3)}\thmcite}%Theorem head spec (can be left empty, meaning ‘normal’)

\theoremstyle{mystyle}
\newtheorem{theo}{Theorem}

\DeclareDocumentEnvironment{theorem}{O{}o}
  {\IfNoValueTF{#2}{}{\renewcommand\thmcite{~#2}}\begin{theo}[#1]}
  {\end{theo}}

\begin{document}

\begin{theorem}[Ordinary differential][\cite{1}]
Test 
\end{theorem}

\begin{theorem}[Ordinary differential]
Test 
\end{theorem}

\begin{theorem}[][\cite{1}]
Test 
\end{theorem}

\begin{theorem}
Test 
\end{theorem}

\begin{thebibliography}{9}
\bibitem{1} Author A. Title A. 2013
\end{thebibliography}

\end{document}

如果要增加头部和身体之间的距离，可以\vspace{<length>}在第六个参数中使用适当的：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsthm}
\usepackage{xparse}

\newcommand\thmcite{}

\newtheoremstyle{mystyle}% name
  {\topsep}%Space above
  {\topsep}%Space below
  {\itshape}%Body font
  {0pt}%Indent amount
  {\bfseries}% Theorem head font
  {:\vspace{.5\baselineskip}}%Punctuation after theorem head
  {\newline}%Space after theorem head 2
  {\thmname{#1}~\thmnumber{#2}\thmnote{~(#3)}\thmcite}%Theorem head spec (can be left empty, meaning ‘normal’)

\theoremstyle{mystyle}
\newtheorem{theo}{Theorem}

\DeclareDocumentEnvironment{theorem}{O{}o}
  {\IfNoValueTF{#2}{}{\renewcommand\thmcite{~#2}}\begin{theo}[#1]}
  {\end{theo}}

\begin{document}

\begin{theorem}[Ordinary differential]%[\cite{1}]
Test 
\end{theorem}

\begin{theorem}[Ordinary differential]
Test 
\end{theorem}

\begin{theorem}[][\cite{1}]
Test 
\end{theorem}

\begin{theorem}
Test 
\end{theorem}

\begin{thebibliography}{9}
\bibitem{1} Author A. Title A. 2013
\end{thebibliography}

\end{document}

评论中提出的新要求：以类似的方式定义一些其他结构：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsthm}
\usepackage{xparse}

\newcommand\thmcite{}

\newtheoremstyle{mystyle}% name
  {\topsep}%Space above
  {\topsep}%Space below
  {\itshape}%Body font
  {0pt}%Indent amount
  {\bfseries}% Theorem head font
  {:\vspace{.5\baselineskip}}%Punctuation after theorem head
  {\newline}%Space after theorem head 2
  {\thmname{#1}~\thmnumber{#2}\thmnote{~(#3)}\thmcite}%Theorem head spec (can be left empty, meaning ‘normal’)

\theoremstyle{mystyle}
\newtheorem{theo}{Theorem}
\newtheorem{lemm}[theo]{Lemma}
\newtheorem{defi}[theo]{Definition}

\DeclareDocumentEnvironment{theorem}{O{}o}
  {\IfNoValueTF{#2}{}{\renewcommand\thmcite{~#2}}\begin{theo}[#1]}
  {\end{theo}}
\DeclareDocumentEnvironment{lemma}{O{}o}
  {\IfNoValueTF{#2}{}{\renewcommand\thmcite{~#2}}\begin{lemm}[#1]}
  {\end{lemm}}
\DeclareDocumentEnvironment{definition}{O{}o}
  {\IfNoValueTF{#2}{}{\renewcommand\thmcite{~#2}}\begin{defi}[#1]}
  {\end{defi}}

\begin{document}

\begin{theorem}[Ordinary differential]
Test theorem.
\end{theorem}

\begin{definition}
Test definition.
\end{definition}

\begin{lemma}[][\cite{1}]
Test lemma.
\end{lemma}

\begin{thebibliography}{9}
\bibitem{1} Author A. Title A. 2013
\end{thebibliography}

\end{document}

思路是一样的，先用\newtheorem一个创建基本的定理结构，然后借助xparse相应的环境和两个必需的可选参数进行定义。

所有三个结构共享一个计数器；可以使用可选参数轻松更改它（以及使计数器从属于已经存在的计数器）\newtheorem（amsthm有关详细信息，请参阅包文档）。

Answer 2

您可以使用该包amsthm来定义具有中断样式的定理环境。

\usepackage{amsthm}

\newtheoremstyle{break} % style name
  {}          % space above, empty = `usual value'
  {}          % space below
  {}          % body font
  {}          % indent
  {\bfseries} % head font
  {.}         % punctuation after head
  {\newline}  % space after head
  {}          % Thm head spec

\theoremstyle{break}
\newtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}

或者使用包ntheorem。这里的样式break已经定义好了。

\usepackage{ntheorem}

\theoremstyle{break}
\newtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}