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修复表格单元格中成分的大小

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修复表格单元格中成分的大小

我创建了一个表格如下：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{array,booktabs}
\usepackage{colortbl}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\begin{document}
\newcolumntype{L}{@{}>{\kern\tabcolsep}l<{\kern\tabcolsep}}
\begin{table}[htp]
\caption{Indicators for sustainable transportation \citep{r2}}
    \label{tab: ind}
            \centering
                \footnotesize\setlength{\tabcolsep}{2.5pt}

\begin{tabular}{@{} l L L L @{} >{\kern\tabcolsep}l @{}}    \toprule
\emph{Objective} & \emph{Indicator} & \emph{Direction} &&&  \\\midrule

\emph{Economic}    &    &    &    &    \\ 
\rowcolor{black!3}[0pt][0pt] Transport diversity & Mode split: portion of travel made by walking, cycling, rideshare, public transit and telework & More is better \\

\emph{Social}    &    &    &    &    \\ 
\rowcolor{black!6}[0pt][0pt] Health and fitness & Percentage of population that regularly walks and cycles & More is better \\
\rowcolor{black!8}[0pt][0pt] Non-motorized transport planning & Degree to which impacts on non-motorized transport are considered in transportation modeling and planning & More is better \\

\emph{Environmental}    &    &    &    &    \\ 
\rowcolor{black!10}[0pt][0pt] Resource efficiency & Non-renewable resource consumption in the production and use of vehicles and transport facilities & Less is better \\
\rowcolor{black!12}[0pt][0pt] Climate change emissions & Per capita fossil fuel consumption, and emissions of CO2 and other climate change emissions & Less is better \\
\rowcolor{black!14}[0pt][0pt] Noise pollution & Portion of population exposed to high levels of traffic noise & Less is better \\

 \bottomrule
 \hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
\end{document}

输出结果如下：

在此处输入图片描述

如您所见，表格的一部分超出了边框。此问题是由于单元格的文本太长而引起的。

我怎样才能自动修复它？

答案1

详细阐述 Werner 的评论。您可以使用列类型p来指定列的特定宽度。在您的背景示例中，我认为最简单的方法是指定空白列来容纳彩色列间空间：

第一个示例

\documentclass{article}

\usepackage{array,booktabs}
\usepackage{colortbl}
\usepackage{xcolor}

\begin{document}

\begin{table}[htp]
  \caption{Indicators for sustainable transportation}
  \label{tab: ind}
  \centering
  \footnotesize\setlength{\tabcolsep}{0pt}
  \begin{tabular}{p{2cm} p{10pt} p{5cm} p{10pt} l}    \toprule
    \emph{Objective} && \emph{Indicator} && \emph{Direction}  \\\midrule
    \emph{Economic}     &&    &&    \\ 
    \rowcolor{black!3}[0pt][0pt] Transport diversity && Mode split: portion of travel made by walking, cycling, rideshare, public transit and telework && More is better \\
    \emph{Social}       &&    &&    \\ 
    \rowcolor{black!6}[0pt][0pt] Health and fitness && Percentage of population that regularly walks and cycles && More is better \\
    \rowcolor{black!8}[0pt][0pt] Non-motorized transport planning && Degree to which impacts on non-motorized transport are considered in transportation modeling and planning && More is better \\
    \emph{Environmental}       &&    &&    \\ 
    \rowcolor{black!10}[0pt][0pt] Resource efficiency && Non-renewable resource consumption in the production and use of vehicles and transport facilities && Less is better \\
    \rowcolor{black!12}[0pt][0pt] Climate change emissions && Per capita fossil fuel consumption, and emissions of CO2 and other climate change emissions && Less is better \\
    \rowcolor{black!14}[0pt][0pt] Noise pollution && Portion of population exposed to high levels of traffic noise && Less is better \\
    \bottomrule
    \hline
  \end{tabular}
\end{table}
\end{document}

或者，您可以使用tabularx来获取具有规范的可变宽度列X。现在您必须指定表格的总宽度：

第二个示例

\documentclass{article}

\usepackage{array,booktabs}
\usepackage{colortbl,tabularx}
\usepackage{xcolor}

\begin{document}

\begin{table}[htp]
  \caption{Indicators for sustainable transportation}
  \label{tab: ind}
  \centering
  \footnotesize\setlength{\tabcolsep}{0pt}
  \begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{>{\hsize=0.6\hsize}X p{10pt} >{\hsize=1.4\hsize}X p{10pt} l}    \toprule
    \emph{Objective} && \emph{Indicator} && \emph{Direction}  \\\midrule
    \emph{Economic}     &&    &&    \\ 
    \rowcolor{black!3}[0pt][0pt] Transport diversity && Mode split: portion of travel made by walking, cycling, rideshare, public transit and telework && More is better \\
    \emph{Social}       &&    &&    \\ 
    \rowcolor{black!6}[0pt][0pt] Health and fitness && Percentage of population that regularly walks and cycles && More is better \\
    \rowcolor{black!8}[0pt][0pt] Non-motorized transport planning && Degree to which impacts on non-motorized transport are considered in transportation modeling and planning && More is better \\
    \emph{Environmental}       &&    &&    \\ 
    \rowcolor{black!10}[0pt][0pt] Resource efficiency && Non-renewable resource consumption in the production and use of vehicles and transport facilities && Less is better \\
    \rowcolor{black!12}[0pt][0pt] Climate change emissions && Per capita fossil fuel consumption, and emissions of CO2 and other climate change emissions && Less is better \\
    \rowcolor{black!14}[0pt][0pt] Noise pollution && Portion of population exposed to high levels of traffic noise && Less is better \\
    \bottomrule
    \hline
  \end{tabularx}
\end{table}
\end{document}

这里我使用了两X列，每列都有一个规格>{\hsize=x\hsize}。重要的是，xs 的总和是列数X。s 之间的比率x给出了相应列的宽度比率X。

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