有没有办法在使用该combine课程时避免出现孤儿和寡妇？ 我已经尝试过了：
\widowpenalty10000
\clubpenalty10000
或这个：
\usepackage[all]{nowidow}
但它们根本没有效果。:-( 我猜是因为我正在使用该课程combine。:-/
一个例子是这样的：
\documentclass[11pt]{combine}
\title{Proceedings title...}
\author{Editor's Name}
\date{24th September 2013}
\begin{document}
\pagestyle{combine}
\maketitle
\tableofcontents
\clearpage
\begin{papers}
\coltoctitle{Title1}
\coltocauthor{Author1}
\import{1}
\coltoctitle{Title2}
\coltocauthor{Author2}
\import{2}
...
\end{papers}
\clearpage
\end{document}
然后我们有几篇文章 1.tex、2.tex 等。下面是我遇到的结果。我无法摆脱这些在下一页上单独运行的几行或从一页末尾开始的一些部分，因此标题单独留在一页中，内容全部转到下一页。
\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{spie}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{tipa}
\widowpenalties 3 10000 10000 0
\title{Cross-linguistic effects on voice quality: an investigation on Brazilians’ production of Portuguese and English}
\author{Ana Paula Petriu Ferreira Engelbert \and Adelaide Herc\'{i}lia Pescatori Silva}
\date{}
\begin{document}
\maketitle
\section*{Abstract}
When we speak a foreign language (L2), we almost certainly sound different from how we sound in our native language (L1). Thus, the aim of this study was to compare voice quality when Brazilians speak their native language, Brazilian Portuguese (BP), and English as L2, in order to verify what changes in their voices when they speak different languages. Laver (1980, p.1) describes voice qualiy as “the characteristic auditory coloring of an individual speaker’s voice.” According to Abercrombie (1967, p. 91), voice quality refers to “those characteristics which are present more or less all the time that a person is talking: it is a quasi-permanent quality running through all the sound that issues from his mouth”. Esling (2000) claims that each language has its own pattern of physiological behavior in which articulators are trained to operate in different ways based on the language’s phonetic constituent. As a result, it is expected that speakers use different voice qualities when speaking different languages. In order to assess these features, the present study compared L1 and L2 speech production, analyzing intra-speaker variation in voice qualities with the aid of perceptual and acoustic instrumental analysis. To test methodological choices on speakers and text types, a pilot study was carried out. Data consisted of three Brazilian proficient speakers of English performing a reading task in Portuguese and English, with three repetitions, recorded in a room with soundproof. Also, an English native speaker was recorded performing the same task in both English and Portuguese. The acoustic analysis was based on LTAS measures, f0, spectral slope, H1-H2 and noise-to-harmonics ratio, and was done with the aid of the free software Praat (Boersma and Weenink, 2012). Preliminary results show different LTAS values, greater inclination of the spectral slope for L2 than the L1, and higher f0 in L2 than in L1. Therefore, there seems to be a tendency concerning the differences in voice quality when Brazilians speak Portuguese and English.
%
\section*{References}
{\parindent0pt
Abercrombie D. (1967). Elements of general phonetics. Edinburgh:Edinburgh University Press.
Boersma, Paul and Weenink, David (2012). Praat: doing phonetics by computer [Computer program]. Version 5.3.34, retrieved 21 November 2012 from http://www.praat.org/
Esling, J. (2000). Crosslinguistic Aspects of Voice Quality. IN Kent, RD and Ball, MJ (eds). Voice quality measurement. Singular Publishing Group: California.
Laver J.(1980). The phonetic description of voice quality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
}
\end{document}
\documentclass[11pt]{combine}
\usepackage{tipa}
\widowpenalties 3 10000 10000 0
\title{Proceedings of the ...}
\author{Editor's Name\thanks{Support ...}}
\date{7th-9th October 2013}
\usepackage[left=3.5cm,right=3.5cm,top=3cm,bottom=3cm]{geometry}
\begin{document}
\pagestyle{combine}
\maketitle
\tableofcontents
\clearpage
\section*{Editor's introduction} \label{intro} Blabla blablabla bla blablabla bla blablabla
\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{\protect\numberline{}Editor's introduction}
\begin{papers}
\coltoctitle{Cross-linguistic effects on voice quality: an investigation on Brazilians’ production of Portuguese and English}
\coltocauthor{Ana Paula Petriu Ferreira Engelbert and Adelaide Herc\'{i}lia Pescatori Silva}
\import{1}
\end{papers}
\clearpage
\end{document}
答案1
\widowpenalty10000
只影响最后的段落的一行，您的图像显示两行，因此这不会影响该换行位置。
e-TeX 扩展\widowpenalties允许为多行指定惩罚，例如
\widowpenalties 3 10000 10000 0
影响段落最后两行的分页符。
但请注意，即使惩罚无限大（10000），这还不足以阻止这些位置的惩罚。你必须给 TeX 一些地方，让它是允许分页，特别是具有足够的可拉伸垂直胶水以填充由于将更多行移到下一页而产生的任何多余空间。