我正在尝试创建这样的情节：
（来源：uson.mx）
到目前为止，我到达了这里：
使用以下（最小化）代码：
\documentclass{report}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\pgfplotsset{compat=1.8}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[
cycle list name=color list,
axis x line=bottom,
axis y line=left,
]
\foreach \i in {1,2,3,4,5,6} {
\addplot+[black] coordinates{
(0,0)
(sqrt(\i/1.5),\i)
(11,\i)};
}
\addplot+[red] coordinates{(2,6)(10,0)};
\end{axis}
\begin{axis}[
cycle list name=color list,
axis x line=bottom,
axis y line=left,
xmin=-5, xmax=10
%axis lines=none
]
\pgftransformshift{-100}
\addplot+[green,domain=-5:0] {sin(x*90)+3};
\end{axis}
\begin{axis}[
cycle list name=color list,
axis x line=bottom,
axis y line=left,
xmin=-5, xmax=10,
axis lines=none
]
\pgftransformrotate{30}
\addplot+[green,domain=5:10] {sin(x/2*90)+2};
\end{axis}
\begin{axis}[
cycle list name=color list,
axis x line=bottom,
axis y line=left,
xmin=-2, xmax=10,
ymin=0, ymax=10
%axis lines=none
]
\pgftransformrotate{270}
\addplot+[green,domain=0:3] {-sin(x/3*180)*8+10};
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
因此，我的主要问题是正弦波的旋转和对齐。我不确定我尝试的方法是否可行，因为我看不到将四个不同的轴精确对齐的可能性，任何提示都值得感激。
编辑1：
这是我的底层图，我怎样才能将正弦图的中心移到红点之上？我会提供代码，但它相当长。
编辑2：
好的，明白了。有些东西可能看起来不太优雅，但也许这对某些人有用：
\documentclass[class=minimal,border=0pt]{standalone}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\pgfplotsset{compat=1.8}
\usepackage{pgfplotstable}
\usetikzlibrary{patterns}
\usetikzlibrary{calc}
\begin{document}
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}
[/pgfplots/y=8cm, /pgfplots/x=1cm] % To make sure all the plots use the same scale]
%%
%% VOLTAGE INPUT
%%
\begin{axis}[
anchor=origin, % Shift the axis so its origin is at (0,0)
rotate around={63.5:(current axis.origin)}, % Rotate around the origin
xmin=0, ymin=0, clip=false, % We only want the positive y axis, hence `ymin=0`. `clip=false` is necessary so we can still see the negative component
xmax=4.5, ymax=0.8,
axis lines*=center, % Axis lines going through the origin
xtick=\empty, ytick=\empty, % No tick marks
enlarge y limits={upper, value=0.5}, % Make the y axis a bit longer than necessary
axis y line=none
]
\addplot [thick, blue, domain=1:4, smooth] {0.895*sin(x*120-120)} coordinate [pos=0.25] (input);
\coordinate (aux) at (axis cs:0,0.895); % Name the coordinate on the axis for drawing the dashed lines later
\end{axis}
%%
%% VOLTAGE OUTPUT
%%
\begin{axis}[
anchor=origin, % Same as before
rotate around={-90:(current axis.origin)},
axis lines*=center,
xtick=\empty, ytick=\empty,
xmin=0, ymin=0, clip=false, % We only want the positive y axis, hence `ymin=0`. `clip=false` is necessary so we can still see the negative component
xmax=5.25, ymax=0.8,
hide y axis % The y axis coincides with the x axis of the previous axis, so we hide it to avoid drawing it twice
]
\addplot [line join=round,thick, red, domain=2:3.62, smooth] {-0.80*sin(x*120-240)} coordinate [pos=0.45] (output); % half a sine wave
\addplot [line join=round,thick, red, domain=3.61:4.89, smooth] {0.2} coordinate [pos=0] (rail_volt);
\addplot [line join=round,thick, red, domain=4.88:5, smooth] {-0.80*sin(x*120-240)}; % half a sine wave
\end{axis}
%%
%% CURRENT
%%
\begin{axis}[
anchor=origin,
axis lines*=center,
xtick=\empty, ytick=\empty,
hide y axis,
hide x axis,
xmin=-12.25, ymin=0, clip=false, % We only want the positive y axis, hence `ymin=0`. `clip=false` is necessary so we can still see the negative component
xmax=0, ymax=0.8,
enlarge x limits={upper, value=1} % Extend the axis to the right
]
\addplot [smooth,thick, black, domain=-12.5:-12.38] {0.4*sin(x*120+4560)}; % Shifted half sine wave
\addplot [smooth,thick, black, domain=-12.39:-11.11] {-0.1} coordinate [pos=0] (rail_curr); % Shifted half sine wave
\addplot [smooth,thick, black, domain=-11.12:-9.5] {0.4*sin(x*120+4560)} coordinate [pos=0.545] (current); % Shifted half sine wave
\addplot [smooth,thin, black, domain=-12.75:-9.2] {0};
\end{axis}
\begin{axis}[
anchor=origin,
at={(-84,-10)},
cycle list name=color list, %% AXIS FORMAT
axis x line=bottom,
axis y line=left,
xlabel style={at={(current axis.right of origin)},align=center,yshift=-0.5em, xshift=-3em, anchor=north west},
ylabel style={at={(current axis.above origin)},align=center,yshift=0em, xshift=+2.5em, anchor=north east,rotate=270},
xlabel={$V_{DS},\;\lbrack V\rbrack$},
ylabel={$I_{DS},$\\$\lbrack A\rbrack$},
xtick={0,2,...,10}, % {0,2,...,10} (the same as {0,2,4,6,8,10}), {0,1,2,5,8,1e1,1.5e1} (a series of coordinates)
minor xtick={0,1,...,11},
%%extra x ticks={22},
ytick={0,0.1,...,0.6},
minor ytick={0,0.05,...,0.55},
xmin=0, xmax=12,
ymin=0, ymax=0.55,
%x=1cm, y=1cm,
%legend pos=south east,
%grid=major, % /pgfplots/grid=minor|major|both|none
height=5cm,
width=10cm,
axis on top,
yticklabel style={draw=none, inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0.3333em, fill=white, text opacity=1},
xticklabel style={draw=none, inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0.3333em, fill=white, text opacity=1}
]
\pgfplotstablenew[
create on use/x/.style={create col/expr={0+\pgfplotstablerow*0.05}},
create on use/y/.style={create col/expr={\thisrow{x}*0+0.65}},
columns={x,y}]
{43}
\ftable
\pgfplotstablenew[
create on use/x/.style={create col/expr={0+\pgfplotstablerow*0.05}},
create on use/y/.style={create col/expr={0.125*(\thisrow{x})^2}},
columns={x,y}]
{43}
\gtable
% Sort the second table by the x value, from largest to smallest
\pgfplotstablesort[sort cmp={float >}]\gsorted{\gtable}
%\pgfplotstabletypeset\gsorted
% Concatenate the tables -- now filledcurve contains the edge of
% a polygon bounded by curves f and g
\pgfplotstablevertcat{\filledcurve}{\ftable}
\pgfplotstablevertcat{\filledcurve}{\gsorted}
\addplot+[opacity=0.8,fill opacity=0.3,draw=none,fill=yellow,postaction={pattern=north east lines}] coordinates {(11,0.55) (12,0.55) (12,0) (11,0)};
\addplot[fill=gray,opacity=0.7,fill opacity=0.2,draw=none,postaction={pattern=north east lines}] table {\filledcurve};
\foreach \i in {0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5} {
\addplot+[black] coordinates{
(0,0)
(sqrt(\i/0.125),\i)
(11,\i)};
\addplot+[black,domain=11:12] {((x-11)^4*5)+\i};
}
\addplot+[gray,domain=0:2.2] {0.125*x^2};
\coordinate (rail_abs) at (axis cs:10,0); % Name the coordinate on the axis for drawing the dashed lines later
\addplot+[ultra thick, red] coordinates{(2,0.5)(10,0)};
%%\node[red] at (axis cs:8.4,0.1) {\textbullet}; %(8.6666666666666666666)
\draw[thick, black, fill=red] (axis cs:8.4,0.1) circle(1mm);
\end{axis}
\draw [densely dashed] (input) -- (aux); % Draw the dashed line
\draw [densely dashed] (output) -- ($(aux)-(0,4.6)$); % Draw the dashed line
\draw [densely dashed] (aux) -- ($(aux)-(0,4.0)$); % Draw the dashed line
\draw [densely dashed] ($(rail_abs)-(0,0.6)$) -- (rail_volt); % Draw the dashed line
\draw [densely dashed] (current) -- ($(aux)-(2.8,0)$); % Draw the dashed line
\draw [densely dashed] ($(aux)-(2,0)$) -- (aux); % Draw the dashed line
\draw [densely dashed] (rail_curr) -- ($(rail_abs)-(10.6,0)$); % Draw the dashed line
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
答案1
您可以通过设置精确定位和旋转轴anchor=origin, rotate around={<angle>:(current axis.origin)}：
\documentclass{report}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\pgfplotsset{compat=1.8}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[
/pgfplots/y=2cm, /pgfplots/x=0.1mm % To make sure all the plots use the same scale
]
\begin{axis}[
anchor=origin, % Shift the axis so its origin is at (0,0)
rotate around={45:(current axis.origin)}, % Rotate around the origin
xmin=0, ymin=0, clip=false, % We only want the positive y axis, hence `ymin=0`. `clip=false` is necessary so we can still see the negative component
axis lines*=center, % Axis lines going through the origin
xtick=\empty, ytick=\empty, % No tick marks
enlarge y limits={upper, value=0.5} % Make the y axis a bit longer than necessary
]
\addplot [thick, blue, domain=60:420, smooth] {sin(x-60)*sqrt(2)} coordinate [pos=0.25] (input); % Add the plot, a sine wave shifted by 60 degrees and scaled by sqrt(2). Also add a node so we can draw the dashed lines later
\coordinate (aux) at (axis cs:0,{sqrt(2)}); % Name the coordinate on the axis for drawing the dashed lines later
\end{axis}
\begin{axis}[
anchor=origin, % Same as before
rotate around={-90:(current axis.origin)},
axis lines*=center,
xtick=\empty, ytick=\empty,
xmin=0,
hide y axis % The y axis coincides with the x axis of the previous axis, so we hide it to avoid drawing it twice
]
\addplot [thick, red, domain=180:360] {sin(x)} coordinate [pos=0.5] (output); % half a sine wave
\end{axis}
\begin{axis}[
anchor=origin,
axis lines*=center,
xtick=\empty, ytick=\empty,
xmax = 0, % We'll draw this in the negative domain, but need to make sure the origin is still included in the axis
hide y axis,
enlarge x limits={upper, value=1} % Extend the axis to the right
]
\addplot [thick, black, domain=-420:-240] {sin(x+60)} coordinate [pos=0.5] (current); % Shifted half sine wave
\end{axis}
\draw [densely dashed] (input) -- (aux) -- (output) (aux) -- (current); % Draw the dashed line
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}