我已经将我的时间表更改为类似于此问题中提出的时间表：时间轴和 tikz
一切都很顺利，但我遇到了一个问题。我不知道如何自动设置节点的位置。
基本上，它们的位置应该是“固定的”，从 (3,0) 开始，然后一个接一个，它们之间有固定的距离（无论它们是否是一行）。之后我会画出线条。我怎样才能告诉 Tikz 自动获取每个文本节点的坐标而不手动设置它？（这意味着删除命令的第二个参数\evento。）
我希望最终结果看起来像问题中的结果或像Tom Bombadil的答案，但使用我的代码：
\documentclass[]{article}
\usepackage[a4paper, margin=1cm]{geometry}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{rotating}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{xparse,expl3}
\usetikzlibrary{fit, arrows,backgrounds,patterns,shapes,shapes.multipart,positioning,calc,decorations.markings}
\pgfplotsset{compat=1.7}
\pagestyle{empty}
\tikzset{
opera/.style={draw, rectangle, align=center, text width=6cm, fill=white, font=\scriptsize},
typnode/.style={anchor=north west, text width=12cm, inner sep=0mm},
data/.style={draw=gray, rectangle, fill=white, font=\scriptsize, inner sep=0.5mm},
datum/.style={font=\scriptsize, rotate=90, inner sep=1mm},
}
\newcommand*{\evento}[3]{
\coordinate (A) at (0,{(#1-1600)/10});
\coordinate (B) at (3,{#2});%
\coordinate[right=5mm of A] (Z);
\coordinate[left=1cm of B] (Y);
\draw (A) -- (Z);
\draw[-|] (Y) -- (B) node[data, pos=0.55] {#1};
\draw (Z) -- (Y);
\node[right=3mm of B, typnode] (D) {#3};
}
\begin{document}
\footnotesize
\begin{tikzpicture}[x=1cm,y=-7mm]
\centering
%draw horizontal line
\draw[|->, -latex, draw] (0,0) -- (0,39);
\draw[-, dashed] (0,-0.5) -- (0,0);
\draw[|->, -latex, draw] (34,0) -- (34,39);
\draw[-, dashed] (34,-0.5) -- (34,39);
%draw years
\foreach \y [evaluate=\y as \xear using int(1600+\y*10)] in {0,1,...,38}{
\draw (0,\y) node[left=2pt,anchor=east,xshift=0,font=\scriptsize] {$\xear$};
\draw (-0.1,\y) -- (0.1,\y);
}
\foreach \y [evaluate=\y as \xear using int(1600+\y*10)] in {0,1,...,37}{
\draw (0,\y) node[left=2pt,anchor=east,xshift=0,font=\scriptsize] {};
\draw (0,\y+.5) -- (0.1,\y+.5);
}
\evento{1603}{0}{King James VI of Scotland ascends to the English throne, becoming James I of England and uniting the crowns - but not the parliaments - of the two kingdoms};
\evento{1605}{2}{\textbf{5 November} - Gunpowder Plot: A plot in which Guy Fawkes and other Catholic associates conspired to blow up King James VI and I and the Parliament of England was uncovered.};
\evento{1618}{3}{Walter Raleigh was executed.};
\evento{1639}{5}{Bishops' Wars: A war with Scotland began which would last until 1640.};
\evento{1640}{6}{Long Parliament: The Parliament was convened.};
\evento{1642}{7}{English Civil War: The war began (see timeline of the English Civil War).};
\evento{1649}{8}{January Trial and execution of Charles I\\Interregnum began with the First Commonwealth};
\evento{1653}{9}{The Protectorate began under the Lord Protector Oliver Cromwell};
\evento{1659}{10}{Second Commonwealth a period of great political instability};
\evento{1660}{11}{Restoration of the monarchy};
\evento{1666}{12}{\textbf{2 September} - Great Fire of London: A fire began in London.\\\textbf{6 September} - Great Fire of London: The fire ended.};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
答案1
我会在这里使用链。west below键有助于正确对齐节点。它的定义取自我的positioning-plus图书馆。
我没有\evento逐一遵循您的宏，但将线条包含在循环中。我已从样式fill=white中删除data，因为它不再位于线条顶部。
s之间的垂直距离typnode通过选项指定node distance，并取自south west前一个节点的和新节点的north west锚点（“ ”）之间的距离。west below
data标有年份的标签（ ）base left的放置位置typnode使得它们共享同一基线。
你也可以创建一个函数，{(\Year-1600)/10}这样你就可以轻松地更改是轴。如何获取线上的坐标的实现可能非常不同。
代码
\documentclass[tikz]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{chains}
\makeatletter
\tikzset{west below/.code=\tikz@lib@place@handle@{#1}{north west}{0}{-1}{south west}{1}}
\makeatother
\tikzset{
typnode/.style={anchor=north west, text width=12cm, inner sep=0mm},
data/.style={draw=gray, rectangle, font=\scriptsize, inner sep=0.5mm},
}
\begin{document}\footnotesize
\begin{tikzpicture}[x=1cm, y=-7mm]
%draw horizontal line
\foreach \xValue in {0,34}
\path (\xValue,0) edge[-latex] ++(0,39)
edge[dashed] ++ (down:1);
%%draw years
\foreach \y [evaluate=\y as \xear using int(1600+\y*10)] in {0,1,...,38}{
\node[left=2pt,anchor=east,xshift=0,font=\scriptsize] at (0,\y) {$\xear$};
\draw (-0.1,\y) -- (0.1,\y); \draw (0,\y+.5) -- (0.1,\y+.5);
}
\begin{scope}[start chain=ch1 going west below, node distance=+1em]
\foreach \Year/\Text in {%
1603/{King James VI of Scotland ascends to the English throne, becoming James I of England and uniting the crowns - but not the parliaments - of the two kingdoms},
1605/{\textbf{5 November} - Gunpowder Plot: A plot in which Guy Fawkes and other Catholic associates conspired to blow up King James VI and I and the Parliament of England was uncovered.},
1618/{Walter Raleigh was executed.},
1639/{Bishops' Wars: A war with Scotland began which would last until 1640.},
1640/{Long Parliament: The Parliament was convened.},
1642/{English Civil War: The war began (see timeline of the English Civil War).},
1649/{January Trial and execution of Charles I\\Interregnum began with the First Commonwealth},
1653/{The Protectorate began under the Lord Protector Oliver Cromwell},
1659/{Second Commonwealth a period of great political instability},
1660/{Restoration of the monarchy},
1666/{\textbf{2 September} - Great Fire of London: A fire began in London.\\\textbf{6 September} - Great Fire of London: The fire ended.}}{
\node[typnode, at=(right:5cm), on chain=ch1, alias=Text] {\Text};
\node[data, base left=+2em of Text, alias=Year] {\Year};
\draw[-|] (Year.east) -- ++(right:3mm);
\draw (Year.west) -- ++(left:3mm)
-- ([shift=(right:3mm)] 0,{(\Year-1600)/10})
-- (0,{(\Year-1600)/10});
}
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
输出
