如何使用 TikZ 注释图形而不影响浮动位置？蛋白质印迹的模板

Question

按照 OP 的要求，扩展我的评论，这个想法是将每个图形的边界框强制到包含所包含图形的区域。这很容易，因为图形包含在一个节点中。

例如，如果节点的名称是c，则只需将以下路径作为的一部分包含在内tikzpicture：

\path[use as bounding box] (c.south west) rectangle (c.north east);

TeX 会考虑这个矩形，以便为图形保留空间，从而进行对齐。在该矩形之外绘制的所有内容都会“溢出”tikz 图片，并可能与周围的文本重叠。为了避免这种情况，您必须手动在 tikz 图片周围设置一些垂直或水平空间。

在您的示例中，子图 (c) 必须“手动”向下移动，以避免顶部的旋转标签与图 (a) 和 (b) 发生冲突。这意味着\vskip在它们之间插入一些。

这是完整的代码（更改部分已用% <===注释标记）

\documentclass{scrartcl}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{caption}
\usepackage{floatrow}
\usepackage{subcaption}
\usepackage[demo]{graphicx}
\usepackage[framemethod=tikz]{mdframed}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows,shapes,positioning,shadows,trees,calc,decorations.markings}

\begin{document}
\begin{figure}
\begin{mdframed}[
  align=center,
  linecolor=black,
  fontcolor=black,
  backgroundcolor=white,
  userdefinedwidth=0.9\textwidth,
  roundcorner=5pt,
  skipabove=0pt,
  skipbelow=0pt,
  leftmargin=0pt,
  innerleftmargin=20pt,
  innerrightmargin=0pt,
  innertopmargin=5pt,
  innerbottommargin=5pt,
  innerlinewidth=0pt,
  middlelinewidth=0pt,
  outerlinewidth=1pt]
\floatsetup[subfigure]{captionskip=10pt}
%===================== upper two subfigures ================
\begin{minipage}{.44\textwidth}
    \begin{subfigure}{\linewidth}
    \centering
    \begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture]
     \node [anchor=south west,draw=orange,line width=5pt, inner sep=0pt] (a) {\includegraphics[width=5cm, height=5cm, clip= true, trim = 0 0 0  → 0]{whatever}};
    \end{tikzpicture}
    \begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture]
    \node [anchor=south west,draw=orange,line width=5pt, inner sep=0pt] (asupp) {\includegraphics[width=5cm,height=.75cm, clip= true, trim = 0  → 0 0 0]{whatever}};
    \end{tikzpicture}
    \caption{Image}
    \label{fig:mwe:a}
    \end{subfigure}\\[0ex]
\end{minipage}
\begin{minipage}{.44\textwidth}
    \begin{subfigure}{\linewidth}
    \centering
    \begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture]
        \node [anchor=south west,draw=orange,line width=5pt, inner sep=0pt] (b) {\includegraphics[width=5cm, height=5cm, clip= true, trim = 0   → 0 0 0]{whatever}};
    \end{tikzpicture}
    \begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture]
        \node [anchor=south west,draw=orange,line width=5pt, inner sep=0pt] (bsupp) {\includegraphics[width=5cm, height=.75cm, clip= true,      → trim = 0 0 0 0]{whatever}};
    \end{tikzpicture}
    \caption{Image}
    \label{fig:mwe:b}
   \end{subfigure}
\end{minipage}
\vskip 2cm  % <==== Needed to "make room" for the rotated labels
%===================== the one below subfigure ================
\begin{minipage}{.94\textwidth}
  \begin{subfigure}{\linewidth}
  \centering
  \begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture]
 \node [anchor=south west,draw=orange,line width=5pt, inner sep=0pt] (c)
    {\includegraphics[width=5cm, height=5cm, clip= true, trim = 35 0 0 0]{whatever}};
  \path[use as bounding box] (c.south west) rectangle (c.north east);  % <===== 
  \path [decoration={markings, mark=at position 1 with {\arrow[scale=2,rotate=180]{latex}}}, decorate] (5.1,.2); %arrowhead

  \path [decoration={markings, mark=at position 1 with {\arrow[scale=2,rotate=180]{latex}}}, decorate] (5.1,1.6);

  \path [decoration={markings, mark=at position 1 with {\arrow[scale=2,rotate=180]{latex}}}, decorate] (5.1,3);

  \path [decoration={markings, mark=at position 1 with {\arrow[scale=2,rotate=180]{latex}}}, decorate] (5.1,3.6);

  \path [decoration={markings, mark=at position 1 with {\arrow[scale=2,rotate=180]{latex}}}, decorate] (5.1,4.1);

  \path [decoration={markings, mark=at position 1 with {\arrow[scale=2,rotate=180]{latex}}}, decorate] (5.1,4.6);

    % add labels
    \node [anchor=south west, xshift=35pt, rotate=45] at (c.north west) {Lane1 ABC};

    \node [anchor=south west, xshift=70pt, rotate=45] at (c.north west) {Lane2 DEF};

    \node [anchor=south west, xshift=105pt, rotate=45] at (c.north west) {Lane3 GHI};

    \node [anchor=south west, xshift=135pt, rotate=45] at (c.north west) {Lane4 JKL};
  \end{tikzpicture}
  \\[0ex]
  \begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture]
   \node [anchor=south west, draw=orange,line width=5pt, inner sep=0pt] (csupp) {\includegraphics[width=5cm, height=.75cm, clip= true, trim =   → 0 0 0 0]{whatever}};
   \path[use as bounding box] (csupp.south west) rectangle (csupp.north east);  % <======
   \node[anchor=south west,font=\ttfamily,xshift=-50] at (csupp.south west) {$\beta$-actin};
  \end{tikzpicture}
  \\[0ex]
  \caption{Image}
  \label{fig:mwe:c}
  \end{subfigure}
\end{minipage}

\end{mdframed}
\RawCaption{\caption{General Caption.}
\label{fig:mwe}}
\end{figure}

\end{document}

结果如下：

Answer 1