☰

为不同的引用声明不同的字符串

tag-icon • tag-icon biblatex
为不同的引用声明不同的字符串

如何为不同的条目声明不同的字符串？例如，对于普通的 url，urldate 将被打印为“Accessed: urldate”，而对于 Wikipedia，urldate 将被打印为“Last modified: urldate”。

我尝试了类似 \iffieldequalstr 的方法，但似乎不起作用。下面是一个 MWE

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[style=ieee,backend=bibtex]{biblatex}
\usepackage{xpatch}

\begin{filecontents}{\jobname.bib}
@ELECTRONIC{MEMSnet,
  title = {What is {MEMS}?},
  organization = {MEMSnet},
  url = {http://www.memsnet.org/mems/what_is.html},
  urldate = {2013-12-01},
}

@ELECTRONIC{WikiMEMS,
  author = {Wikipedia},
  title = {Microelectromechanical systems},
  organization = {Wikipedia.org},
  url = {http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microelectromechanical_systems},
  timestamp = {09:59},
  urldate = {28 November 2013}
}

\end{filecontents}

\addbibresource{\jobname.bib}
\addbibresource{biblatex-examples.bib}

\xpatchbibdriver{online}
  {\printtext[parens]{\usebibmacro{date}}}
  {\iffieldundef{year}
    {}
    {\printtext[parens]{\usebibmacro{date}}}}
  {}
  {\typeout{There was an error patching biblatex-ieee (ieee.bbx's @online driver)}}

 \AtEveryBibitem{
  \ifentrytype{online}{
   \iffieldequalstr{author}{Wikipedia}{
     \DefineBibliographyStrings{english}{%
       urlseen = {Last modified}
      }
     \DeclareFieldFormat{urldate}{\mkbibbrackets{\bibstring{urlseen}\addcolon\space#1\addcomma\space\printfield{timestamp}}}
    }{
     \DefineBibliographyStrings{english}{%
      urlseen = {Accessed}
     }
     \DeclareFieldFormat{urldate}{\mkbibbrackets{\bibstring{urlseen}\addcolon\space#1}}
    }
   }{}
  }

\begin{document}
  \nocite{MEMSnet,WikiMEMS,wilde,markey}
  \printbibliography
\end{document}

答案1

一个非常接近您想要的解决方案是执行以下操作，通过以下方式声明一个新的bibstring，恰当命名的lastmodified

\NewBibliographyString{lastmodified}
\DefineBibliographyStrings{english}{%
  lastmodified = {last modified}
}

为了能够比较名称，author我们需要一个宏\wikitestname。不幸的是，目前还没有简单的方法来检查名称*与字符串是否一致，所以我们需要使用\ifnameequals宏来检查；名称格式非常具体，但是您可以在文件中查找它.bbl。

\def\wikitestname{{}{{{}{Wikipedia}{W.}{}{}{}{}{}{}}}}

然后我们检查当前处理的条目是否是 Wiki 条目

\AtEveryBibitem{
  \ifentrytype{online}{
    \ifnameequals{author}{\wikitestname}
      {\DeclareFieldFormat{urldate}{\mkbibparens{\bibstring{lastmodified}\space#1}}}
      {\DeclareFieldFormat{urldate}{\mkbibparens{\bibstring{urlseen}\space#1}}}
  }
}

urldate并根据需要更改前面的字符串。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[style=ieee,backend=bibtex]{biblatex}
\usepackage{xpatch}
\usepackage{filecontents}

\begin{filecontents}{\jobname.bib}
@ELECTRONIC{MEMSnet,
  title = {What is {MEMS}?},
  organization = {MEMSnet},
  url = {http://www.memsnet.org/mems/what_is.html},
  urldate = {2013-12-01},
}

@ELECTRONIC{WikiMEMS,
  author = {Wikipedia},
  title = {Microelectromechanical systems},
  organization = {Wikipedia.org},
  url = {http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microelectromechanical_systems},
  timestamp = {09:59},
  date = {2013-11-28},
  urldate = {2013-12-25},
}

\end{filecontents}

\addbibresource{\jobname.bib}
\addbibresource{biblatex-examples.bib}

\xpatchbibdriver{online}
  {\printtext[parens]{\usebibmacro{date}}}
  {\iffieldundef{year}
    {}
    {\printtext[parens]{\usebibmacro{date}}}}
  {}
  {\typeout{There was an error patching biblatex-ieee (ieee.bbx's @online driver)}}


\NewBibliographyString{lastmodified}
\DefineBibliographyStrings{english}{%
  lastmodified = {last modified}
}

\def\wikitestname{{}{{{}{Wikipedia}{W.}{}{}{}{}{}{}}}}
 \AtEveryBibitem{
    \ifentrytype{online}{
     \ifnameequals{author}{\wikitestname}
       {\DeclareFieldFormat{urldate}{\mkbibparens{\bibstring{lastmodified}\space#1}}} 
       {\DeclareFieldFormat{urldate}{\mkbibparens{\bibstring{urlseen}\space#1}}} 
    }
  }

\begin{document}
  \nocite{MEMSnet,WikiMEMS,wilde,markey}
  \printbibliography
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

* biblatex区分names、fields 和lists。例如，author是 a name、seriesafield和organizationa list。有不同的宏来检查这些字段之间是否相等。您不能用来\iffieldequalstr检查 a 是否name等于给定的字符串。由于名称可以说是biblatex必须处理的最复杂的部分，因此它们也具有最复杂的身份条件。毕竟，人们不希望文件中给出的名称.bib与Peter Smith字符串匹配Smith，但您希望Peter Smith和都Smith, Peter匹配，Peter Smith因为这两种输入格式在文件中同样有效.bib。因此，biblatex只接受与应该已经包含.bbl文件中给出的正确名称语法的宏进行比较。在我们的例子中{}{{{}{Wikipedia}{W.}{}{}{}{}{}{}}}。

换个角度来说，在这种情况下，为这个任务定义一个专用的条目类型（有人可能会称之为@wiki）可能非常合适。

由于您似乎使用 BibTeX 作为后端而不是（至少在我看来）更优越的 biber，让我们首先探索使用 BibTeX 的可能性，然后继续看看我们可以用 biber 做得更好。

biblatex默认情况下，有六种用于自定义修改的条目类型：这些是customa。customf这里我们将使用customa。

从现在开始，如果您想引用 wiki 条目，请不要使用@online/ @electronic，而是使用@customa。

@customa{WikiMEMS,
  author = {Wikipedia},
  title = {Microelectromechanical systems},
  url = {http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microelectromechanical_systems},
  organization = {Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia},
  date = {2013-11-28},
  urldate = {2013-12-25},
}

这些字段与预期一致；请注意，正如人们所期望的那样，它urldate采用资源上次访问的日期和date资源上次修改的日期。

我们再次

\NewBibliographyString{lastmodified}
\DefineBibliographyStrings{english}{%
  lastmodified = {last modified}
}

最后我们有了驱动程序，即打印参考书目条目的代码片段

\DeclareBibliographyDriver{customa}{%
  \usebibmacro{bibindex}%
  \usebibmacro{begentry}%
  \usebibmacro{author/editor+others/translator+others}%
  \setunit{\addperiod\addspace}%or \setunit{\adddot\addspace}
  \iffieldundef{year}%
    {}
    {\printtext[parens]{\bibstring{lastmodified}\space\usebibmacro{date}}}%
  \setunit{\adddot\addspace}%
  \usebibmacro{title}%
  \setunit{\adddot\addspace}%
  \printlist{language}%
  \setunit{\adddot\addspace}%
  \usebibmacro{byauthor}%
  \setunit{\adddot\addspace}%
  \usebibmacro{byeditor+others}%
  \setunit{\adddot\addspace}%
  \printfield{version}%
  \setunit{\adddot\addspace}%
  \printfield{note}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \printlist{organization}%
  \setunit{\adddot\addspace}%
  \iftoggle{bbx:eprint}
    {\usebibmacro{eprint}}
    {}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{url+urldate}%
  \setunit{\adddot\addspace}%
  \usebibmacro{addendum+pubstate}%
  \setunit{\bibpagerefpunct}\newblock
  \usebibmacro{pageref}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{related}%
  \usebibmacro{finentry}%
}

ieee.bbx此驱动程序几乎是驱动程序的一比一副本，除了在打印“上次修改”的区域@online稍作修改外。date

平均能量损失

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[style=ieee,backend=bibtex]{biblatex}
\usepackage{xpatch}
\usepackage{filecontents}

\begin{filecontents}{\jobname.bib}
@ELECTRONIC{MEMSnet,
  title = {What is {MEMS}?},
  organization = {MEMSnet},
  url = {http://www.memsnet.org/mems/what_is.html},
  urldate = {2013-12-01},
}

@customa{WikiMEMS,
  author = {Wikipedia},
  title = {Microelectromechanical systems},
  url = {http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microelectromechanical_systems},
  organization = {Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia},
  date = {2013-11-28},
  urldate = {2013-12-25},
}

\end{filecontents}

\addbibresource{\jobname.bib}
\addbibresource{biblatex-examples.bib}

\xpatchbibdriver{online}
  {\printtext[parens]{\usebibmacro{date}}}
  {\iffieldundef{year}
    {}
    {\printtext[parens]{\usebibmacro{date}}}}
  {}
  {\typeout{There was an error patching biblatex-ieee (ieee.bbx's @online driver)}}

\NewBibliographyString{lastmodified}
\DefineBibliographyStrings{english}{%
  lastmodified = {last modified}
}

\DeclareBibliographyDriver{customa}{%
  \usebibmacro{bibindex}%
  \usebibmacro{begentry}%
  \usebibmacro{author/editor+others/translator+others}%
  \setunit{\addperiod\addspace}%or \setunit{\adddot\addspace}
  \iffieldundef{year}%
    {}
    {\printtext[parens]{\bibstring{lastmodified}\space\usebibmacro{date}}}%
  \setunit{\adddot\addspace}%
  \usebibmacro{title}%
  \setunit{\adddot\addspace}%
  \printlist{language}%
  \setunit{\adddot\addspace}%
  \usebibmacro{byauthor}%
  \setunit{\adddot\addspace}%
  \usebibmacro{byeditor+others}%
  \setunit{\adddot\addspace}%
  \printfield{version}%
  \setunit{\adddot\addspace}%
  \printfield{note}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \printlist{organization}%
  \setunit{\adddot\addspace}%
  \iftoggle{bbx:eprint}
    {\usebibmacro{eprint}}
    {}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{url+urldate}%
  \setunit{\adddot\addspace}%
  \usebibmacro{addendum+pubstate}%
  \setunit{\bibpagerefpunct}\newblock
  \usebibmacro{pageref}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{related}%
  \usebibmacro{finentry}%
}

\begin{document}
  \nocite{MEMSnet,WikiMEMS,wilde,markey}
  \printbibliography
\end{document}

我们可以通过像上面那样定义驱动程序来biber定义一个新类型@wikiwiki

\NewBibliographyString{lastmodified}
\DefineBibliographyStrings{english}{%
  lastmodified = {last modified}
}

\DeclareBibliographyDriver{wiki}{%
  \usebibmacro{bibindex}%
  \usebibmacro{begentry}%
  \usebibmacro{author/editor+others/translator+others}%
  \setunit{\addperiod\addspace}%or \setunit{\adddot\addspace}
  \iffieldundef{year}%
    {}
    {\printtext[parens]{\bibstring{lastmodified}\space\usebibmacro{date}}}%
  \setunit{\adddot\addspace}%
  \usebibmacro{title}%
  \setunit{\adddot\addspace}%
  \printlist{language}%
  \setunit{\adddot\addspace}%
  \usebibmacro{byauthor}%
  \setunit{\adddot\addspace}%
  \usebibmacro{byeditor+others}%
  \setunit{\adddot\addspace}%
  \printfield{version}%
  \setunit{\adddot\addspace}%
  \printfield{note}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \printlist{organization}%
  \setunit{\adddot\addspace}%
  \iftoggle{bbx:eprint}
    {\usebibmacro{eprint}}
    {}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{url+urldate}%
  \setunit{\adddot\addspace}%
  \usebibmacro{addendum+pubstate}%
  \setunit{\bibpagerefpunct}\newblock
  \usebibmacro{pageref}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{related}%
  \usebibmacro{finentry}%
}

文件.bib符合预期

@wiki{WikiMEMS,
  author = {Wikipedia},
  title = {Microelectromechanical systems},
  url = {http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microelectromechanical_systems},
  organization = {Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia},
  date = {2013-11-28},
  urldate = {2013-12-25},
}

数学家协会

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[style=ieee,backend=biber]{biblatex}
\usepackage{xpatch}
\usepackage{filecontents}

\begin{filecontents}{\jobname.bib}
@ELECTRONIC{MEMSnet,
  title = {What is {MEMS}?},
  organization = {MEMSnet},
  url = {http://www.memsnet.org/mems/what_is.html},
  urldate = {2013-12-01},
}

@wiki{WikiMEMS,
  author = {Wikipedia},
  title = {Microelectromechanical systems},
  url = {http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microelectromechanical_systems},
  organization = {Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia},
  date = {2013-11-28},
  urldate = {2013-12-25},
}

\end{filecontents}

\addbibresource{\jobname.bib}
\addbibresource{biblatex-examples.bib}

\xpatchbibdriver{online}
  {\printtext[parens]{\usebibmacro{date}}}
  {\iffieldundef{year}
    {}
    {\printtext[parens]{\usebibmacro{date}}}}
  {}
  {\typeout{There was an error patching biblatex-ieee (ieee.bbx's @online driver)}}

\NewBibliographyString{lastmodified}
\DefineBibliographyStrings{english}{%
  lastmodified = {last modified}
}

\DeclareBibliographyDriver{wiki}{%
  \usebibmacro{bibindex}%
  \usebibmacro{begentry}%
  \usebibmacro{author/editor+others/translator+others}%
  \setunit{\addperiod\addspace}%or \setunit{\adddot\addspace}
  \iffieldundef{year}%
    {}
    {\printtext[parens]{\bibstring{lastmodified}\space\usebibmacro{date}}}%
  \setunit{\adddot\addspace}%
  \usebibmacro{title}%
  \setunit{\adddot\addspace}%
  \printlist{language}%
  \setunit{\adddot\addspace}%
  \usebibmacro{byauthor}%
  \setunit{\adddot\addspace}%
  \usebibmacro{byeditor+others}%
  \setunit{\adddot\addspace}%
  \printfield{version}%
  \setunit{\adddot\addspace}%
  \printfield{note}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \printlist{organization}%
  \setunit{\adddot\addspace}%
  \iftoggle{bbx:eprint}
    {\usebibmacro{eprint}}
    {}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{url+urldate}%
  \setunit{\adddot\addspace}%
  \usebibmacro{addendum+pubstate}%
  \setunit{\bibpagerefpunct}\newblock
  \usebibmacro{pageref}%
  \newunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{related}%
  \usebibmacro{finentry}%
}

\begin{document}
  \nocite{MEMSnet,WikiMEMS,wilde,markey}
  \printbibliography
\end{document}

以上两个 MWE 均产生 在此处输入图片描述

使用 biber，现在可以非常轻松地添加自定义字段；例如，许可证字段，描述条目的使用条款@wiki。这可以按照如何在参考书目中包含价格？。

相关内容