我对此很陌生tikz
,但是我确实了解基础知识,但是,我真的很困惑如何最好地创建像构造这样的过程:似乎有这么多的机制,我无法确定哪一个是最好的。
这是我画的一个例子。我可以使用 LaTeX 让代码更简洁、更易于维护,但我不确定哪种构造最好。
\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes.multipart}
\begin{document}
\tikzset{%
body/.style={inner sep=0pt,outer sep=0pt,shape=rectangle,draw,ultra thick,minimum height=0.5cm,anchor=south west},
dimen/.style={<->,>=latex,thin,
every rectangle node/.style={fill=white,midway}},
symmetry/.style={dashed,thin},
}
\begin{tikzpicture}[array/.style={
rectangle split,
rectangle split horizontal,
rectangle split parts=#1,
thick,draw,
anchor=center,
}]]
\node [array=10, align=center,,minimum width=\textwidth] at (0,0) (pool) {
\nodepart{one} \rotatebox{-90}{\begin{tabular}{ll}\textbf{\texttt{struct}}\\\texttt{Cons}\end{tabular}}
\nodepart{two} \rotatebox{-90}{\begin{tabular}{ll}\textbf{\texttt{struct}}\\\texttt{Cons}\end{tabular}}
\nodepart{three} $\cdots\cdots\cdots$
\nodepart{four} \rotatebox{-90}{\begin{tabular}{ll}\textbf{\texttt{struct}}\\\texttt{Cons}\end{tabular}}
\nodepart{five} $\cdots\cdots\cdots$
\nodepart{six} \rotatebox{-90}{\begin{tabular}{ll}\textbf{\texttt{struct}}\\\texttt{Cons}\end{tabular}}
\nodepart{seven} $\cdots\cdots\cdots$
\nodepart{eight} \rotatebox{-90}{\begin{tabular}{ll}\textbf{\texttt{struct}}\\\texttt{Cons}\end{tabular}}
\nodepart{nine} $\cdots\cdots\cdots$
\nodepart{ten} \rotatebox{-90}{\begin{tabular}{ll}\textbf{\texttt{struct}}\\\texttt{Cons}\end{tabular}}
};
\draw (pool.south west) -- ++(0,-1.5) coordinate (A1) -- ++(0,-5pt);
\draw (pool.south east) -- ++(0,-1.5) coordinate (A2) -- ++(0,-5pt);
\draw [dimen] (A1) -- (A2) node {$2^{\texttt{LG2\_POOLSIZE}} = 2^{14} = 16,384$};
\node (last) at (0,-1.5) {{\Large \emph{Pool of ``\textup{\texttt{\textbf{struct} Cons}}'' Records}}};
\node [body,minimum width=1cm] (last) at (-6,3.5) { \texttt{car} };
\draw (last.north west) -- ++(0,0.3) coordinate (A1) -- ++(0,5pt);
\draw (last.north east) -- ++(0,0.3) coordinate (A2) -- ++(0,5pt);
\draw [dimen] (A1) -- (A2) node {14b};
\draw[->] (last.south) -- (pool.one north);
\node [body,minimum width=1cm] (last) at (-5,2) { \texttt{cdr} };
\draw (last.north west) -- ++(0,0.3) coordinate (A1) -- ++(0,5pt);
\draw (last.north east) -- ++(0,0.3) coordinate (A2) -- ++(0,5pt);
\draw [dimen] (A1) -- (A2) node {14b};
\draw[->] (last.south) -- (pool.two north);
\node [body,minimum width=1cm] (last) at (-4,3.4) { \texttt{cdr} };
\draw (last.north west) -- ++(0,0.3) coordinate (A1) -- ++(0,5pt);
\draw (last.north east) -- ++(0,0.3) coordinate (A2) -- ++(0,5pt);
\draw [dimen] (A1) -- (A2) node {14b};
\draw[latex->] (last.south) -- (pool.four north);
\node [body,minimum width=1cm] (last) at (-2.5,3) { \texttt{cdr} };
\draw (last.north west) -- ++(0,0.3) coordinate (A1) -- ++(0,5pt);
\draw (last.north east) -- ++(0,0.3) coordinate (A2) -- ++(0,5pt);
\draw [dimen] (A1) -- (A2) node {14b};
\draw[->] (last.south) -- (pool.six north);
\node [body,minimum width=1cm] (last) at (0,2.5) { \texttt{car} };
\draw (last.north west) -- ++(0,0.3) coordinate (A1) -- ++(0,5pt);
\draw (last.north east) -- ++(0,0.3) coordinate (A2) -- ++(0,5pt);
\draw [dimen] (A1) -- (A2) node {14b};
\draw[->] (last.south) -- (pool.eight north);
\node [body,minimum width=1cm] (last) at (2,4) { \texttt{cdr} };
\draw (last.north west) -- ++(0,0.3) coordinate (A1) -- ++(0,5pt);
\draw (last.north east) -- ++(0,0.3) coordinate (A2) -- ++(0,5pt);
\draw [dimen] (A1) -- (A2) node {14b};
\draw[->] (last.south) -- (pool.ten north);
\node [body,minimum width=1cm] (last) at (5,2.5) { \texttt{car} };
\draw (last.north west) -- ++(0,0.3) coordinate (A1) -- ++(0,5pt);
\draw (last.north east) -- ++(0,0.3) coordinate (A2) -- ++(0,5pt);
\draw [dimen] (A1) -- (A2) node {14b};
\draw[->] (last.south) -- (pool.eight north);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
输出已附加;是的,我知道它不太漂亮,但这就是我现阶段能做的。
那么我的问题是:您会推荐哪种抽象构造来简化上述代码?更一般地说,tikz/LaTeX 工具箱中有什么,何时应该使用这些工具?
答案1
在我看来,你的问题太模糊(或太宽泛),但我想到的一些可能性是
使用
scope
环境使用预定义或自定义的样式
\node [body,minimum width=1cm]
举个例子,你可以写七次,而不是写
\begin{tikzpicture}
% …
\begin{scope}[every node/.style={body,minimum width=1cm}]% scope and pre-defined style
\node (last) at (-6,3.5) { \texttt{car} };
\draw (last.north west) -- ++(0,0.3) coordinate (A1) -- ++(0,5pt);
\draw (last.north east) -- ++(0,0.3) coordinate (A2) -- ++(0,5pt);
\draw [dimen] (A1) -- (A2) node {14b};
\draw[->] (last.south) -- (pool.one north);
\node (last) at (-5,2) { \texttt{cdr} };
\draw (last.north west) -- ++(0,0.3) coordinate (A1) -- ++(0,5pt);
\draw (last.north east) -- ++(0,0.3) coordinate (A2) -- ++(0,5pt);
\draw [dimen] (A1) -- (A2) node {14b};
\draw[->] (last.south) -- (pool.two north);
\node (last) at (-4,3.4) { \texttt{cdr} };
\draw (last.north west) -- ++(0,0.3) coordinate (A1) -- ++(0,5pt);
\draw (last.north east) -- ++(0,0.3) coordinate (A2) -- ++(0,5pt);
\draw [dimen] (A1) -- (A2) node {14b};
\draw[latex->] (last.south) -- (pool.four north);
\node (last) at (-2.5,3) { \texttt{cdr} };
\draw (last.north west) -- ++(0,0.3) coordinate (A1) -- ++(0,5pt);
\draw (last.north east) -- ++(0,0.3) coordinate (A2) -- ++(0,5pt);
\draw [dimen] (A1) -- (A2) node {14b};
\draw[->] (last.south) -- (pool.six north);
\node (last) at (0,2.5) { \texttt{car} };
\draw (last.north west) -- ++(0,0.3) coordinate (A1) -- ++(0,5pt);
\draw (last.north east) -- ++(0,0.3) coordinate (A2) -- ++(0,5pt);
\draw [dimen] (A1) -- (A2) node {14b};
\draw[->] (last.south) -- (pool.eight north);
\node (last) at (2,4) { \texttt{cdr} };
\draw (last.north west) -- ++(0,0.3) coordinate (A1) -- ++(0,5pt);
\draw (last.north east) -- ++(0,0.3) coordinate (A2) -- ++(0,5pt);
\draw [dimen] (A1) -- (A2) node {14b};
\draw[->] (last.south) -- (pool.ten north);
\node (last) at (5,2.5) { \texttt{car} };
\draw (last.north west) -- ++(0,0.3) coordinate (A1) -- ++(0,5pt);
\draw (last.north east) -- ++(0,0.3) coordinate (A2) -- ++(0,5pt);
\draw [dimen] (A1) -- (A2) node {14b};
\draw[->] (last.south) -- (pool.eight north);
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
或者你也可以使用以下方式定义样式\tikzset
:
\tikzset{bodynode/.style={body,minimum width=1cm}}% self-defined style
由于您已经使用过\tikzset
,因此您可以简单地将其添加到其他定义中。
\begin{tikzpicture}
% …
\node[bodynode] (last) at (-6,3.5) { \texttt{car} };
% …
\node[bodynode] (last) at (-5,2) { \texttt{cdr} };
% …
\node[bodynode] (last) at (-4,3.4) { \texttt{cdr} };
% …
\node[bodynode] (last) at (-2.5,3) { \texttt{cdr} };
% …
\node[bodynode] (last) at (0,2.5) { \texttt{car} };
% …
\node[bodynode] (last) at (2,4) { \texttt{cdr} };
% …
\node[bodynode] (last) at (5,2.5) { \texttt{car} };
% …
\end{tikzpicture}
将它们组合起来,还可以省去重复bodynode
添加的步骤:
\tikzset{bodynode/.style={body,minimum width=1cm}}% self-defined style
\begin{tikzpicture}
% …
\begin{scope}[every node/.style=bodynode]% scope and pre-defined style calling
% self-defined style
\node (last) at (-6,3.5) { \texttt{car} };
% …
\node (last) at (-5,2) { \texttt{cdr} };
% …
\node (last) at (-4,3.4) { \texttt{cdr} };
% …
\node (last) at (-2.5,3) { \texttt{cdr} };
% …
\node (last) at (0,2.5) { \texttt{car} };
% …
\node (last) at (2,4) { \texttt{cdr} };
% …
\node (last) at (5,2.5) { \texttt{car} };
% …
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}