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课程列表表格中存在奇怪的对齐问题

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课程列表表格中存在奇怪的对齐问题

我正在尝试制作一个包含我所有课程详细信息的表格。我编写了以下代码。它存在一些问题：

  1. 为什么编译时给出的是空白的第一页（第二页有表格）？
  2. 表格似乎在页面左边距留出了很大的空间，可以用来容纳更宽的第四列，但我似乎无法使用该空间。
  3. 表格超出了第二页底部的页码，并且在第二页显示的内容之后不显示任何内容。我还有其他几门课程，并且希望此表格跨越大约 3 页。我该怎么做？

注意：我把第二列设为 p 列，因为一些讲师的真实姓名需要两行。

以下是代码：

\documentclass[a4paper,10pt]{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amsthm}
\usepackage{booktabs}

\begin{document}
\begin{tabular}{p{2.5cm}p{2cm}lp{6cm}} 
\toprule[2pt] 
Name of Course & Instructor & Book(s) Referred & Brief List of Topics Covered \\ 
\hline
\\[\defaultaddspace]

Algebra I & ABC & Herstein; M. Artin & 
\parbox{6cm}{Basic Set Theory; Group Theory\\(upto Sylow theorems);\\ Introduction to Ring Theory} \\ 
\\[\defaultaddspace]

Algebra II & DEF & Hoffman and Kunze & 
\parbox{6cm}{Linear Algebra \\(upto Spectral theorems)} \\ 
\\[\defaultaddspace]

Algebra III & GHI & S. Lang & 
\parbox{6cm}{Ring and Module Theory\\(covering Hilbert basis theorem and structure theorem for finitely generated abelian groups)}\\
\\[\defaultaddspace]

Algebra IV & JKL & S. Lang & 
\parbox{6cm}{Introduction to Field \\ and Galois Theory}\\
\\[\defaultaddspace]

Analysis I &  MNO  & T. Apostol & 
\parbox{6cm}{Real numbers; Sequences and series;\\ Calculus of a single variable \\ (upto Taylor's Theorem)
} \\ 
\\[\defaultaddspace]

Analysis II &  PQR  & T. Apostol & 
\parbox{6cm}{Riemann integral; Introduction to \\ Calculus of several variables; \\ Metric spaces and elementary \\ topological notions on it} \\ 
\\[\defaultaddspace]

Analysis III &  \parbox{2cm}{STU}  & S. Dineen & 
\parbox{6cm}{\textbf{Vector Calculus}: multiple integrals, \\ Jacobian formula, line and surface \\ integrals, Green's, Stokes' and Gauss' (Divergence) theorems; \\ Sequences of functions; Weierstrass \\ approximation theorem} \\ 
\\[\defaultaddspace]

Analysis IV &  VWX  & Rudin & 
\parbox{6cm}{\textbf{Introduction to Function Spaces}:\\ compact metric spaces,\\ C([a,b]) as a complete metric space, \\ Banach's contraction principle, \\ Stone-Weierstrass and Arzela-Ascoli theorems, Fourier series } \\ 
\\[\defaultaddspace]

Probability Theory I &  YZ  & Chung; Feller & 
\parbox{6cm}{Combinatorial probability and urn models; Conditional probability; \\ Random variables; Expectation; \\ Moment generating functions;\\ Standard distributions(Binomial etc.); \\ Joint and conditional distributions; \\ Weak law of large numbers} \\ 
\\[\defaultaddspace]

Probability Theory II &  YZ  & Feller & 
\parbox{6cm}{Joint distributions; \\Transformation of variables\\(assuming Jacobian formula);\\ Distributions for sums, maxima/minima, order statistics, etc.; Standard multivariate and sampling distributions; Conditional expectation; Convergence of random variables} \\ 
\\[\defaultaddspace]

\bottomrule[2pt]

\end{tabular}

\end{document}

答案1

真正的问题是页面中没有足够的空间容纳表格。

我的建议是这样的：

  1. 如果您希望表格拆分到多页，请使用longtable同一个包，而不是。tabular

  2. 在这种情况下，表格可以保留在一页中。您可以使用该geometry包并仅使用以下命令减少表格所在页面的页边距

    \newgeometry{margin=2cm}

    稍后通过发出以下命令恢复正常布局

    \restoregeometry

  3. 将长度缩短\defaultaddspace至1pt

    \setlength{\defaultaddspace}{1pt}

  4. 无需使用\parboxes 来使单元格内容居中。您可以加载array包并使用m代替p。您还可以声明新的列类型M

    \newcolumntype{M}[1]{>{\raggedright\arraybackslash}m{#1}}

    您还可以使用\newline它在单元格内发出换行符。

完整示例：

\documentclass[a4paper,10pt]{article}
\usepackage{geometry}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amsthm,array}
\usepackage{booktabs}

\usepackage{array,longtable}
\usepackage{lipsum} %only for the example

\newcolumntype{M}[1]{>{\raggedright\arraybackslash}m{#1}}
\setlength{\defaultaddspace}{1pt}

\begin{document}
\lipsum[1-5]

\newpage
\newgeometry{margin=2cm}
\begin{longtable}{p{2.5cm}p{2cm}lM{6cm}}
\toprule[2pt]
Name of Course & Instructor & Book(s) Referred & Brief List of Topics Covered \\
\hline
\\[\defaultaddspace]

Algebra I & ABC & Herstein; M. Artin &
Basic Set Theory; Group Theory\newline(upto Sylow theorems);\newline Introduction to Ring Theory \\
\\[\defaultaddspace]

Algebra II & DEF & Hoffman and Kunze &
Linear Algebra \newline(upto Spectral theorems) \\
\\[\defaultaddspace]

Algebra III & GHI & S. Lang &
Ring and Module Theory\newline(covering Hilbert basis theorem and structure theorem for finitely generated abelian groups) \\
\\[\defaultaddspace]

Algebra IV & JKL & S. Lang &
Introduction to Field \newline and Galois Theory\\
\\[\defaultaddspace]

Analysis I &  MNO  & T. Apostol &
Real numbers; Sequences and series;\newline Calculus of a single variable \newline (upto Taylor's Theorem) \\
\\[\defaultaddspace]

Analysis II &  PQR  & T. Apostol &
Riemann integral; Introduction to \newline Calculus of several variables; \newline Metric spaces and elementary \newline topological notions on it \\
\\[\defaultaddspace]

Analysis III &  \parbox{2cm}{STU}  & S. Dineen &
\textbf{Vector Calculus}: multiple integrals, \newline Jacobian formula, line and surface \newline integrals, Green's, Stokes' and Gauss' (Divergence) theorems; \newline Sequences of functions; Weierstrass \newline approximation theorem \\
\\[\defaultaddspace]

Analysis IV &  VWX  & Rudin &
\textbf{Introduction to Function Spaces}:\newline compact metric spaces,\newline C([a,b]) as a complete metric space, \newline Banach's contraction principle, \newline Stone-Weierstrass and Arzela-Ascoli theorems, Fourier series \\
\\[\defaultaddspace]

Probability Theory I &  YZ  & Chung; Feller &
Combinatorial probability and urn models; Conditional probability; \newline Random variables; Expectation; \newline Moment generating functions;\newline Standard distributions(Binomial etc.); \newline Joint and conditional distributions; \newline Weak law of large numbers \\
\\[\defaultaddspace]

Probability Theory II &  YZ  & Feller &
Joint distributions; \newline Transformation of variables\newline(assuming Jacobian formula);\newline Distributions for sums, maxima/minima, order statistics, etc.; Standard multivariate and sampling distributions; Conditional expectation; Convergence of random variables \\
\\[\defaultaddspace]

\bottomrule[2pt]

\end{longtable}

\newpage
\restoregeometry
\lipsum[1-5]

\end{document}

输出：

在此处输入图片描述

编辑

p正如 egreg 在他的评论中注意到的那样，如果您使用普通列而不需要额外的\\前面的列，表格可能会看起来更好\\[\defaultaddspace]。

这是另一种可能性（选择您最喜欢的一种）：

\documentclass[a4paper,10pt]{article}
\usepackage{geometry}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amsthm,array}
\usepackage{booktabs}

\usepackage{array,longtable}
\usepackage{lipsum} %only for the example

\begin{document}
\lipsum[1-5]

\newpage
\newgeometry{margin=3cm}
\begin{longtable}{p{2.5cm}p{2cm}lp{6cm}}
\toprule[2pt]
Name of Course & Instructor & Book(s) Referred & Brief List of Topics Covered \\[\defaultaddspace]
\hline
\\

Algebra I & ABC & Herstein; M. Artin &
Basic Set Theory; Group Theory\newline(upto Sylow theorems);\newline Introduction to Ring Theory \\[\defaultaddspace]

Algebra II & DEF & Hoffman and Kunze &
Linear Algebra \newline(upto Spectral theorems) \\[\defaultaddspace]

Algebra III & GHI & S. Lang &
Ring and Module Theory\newline(covering Hilbert basis theorem and structure theorem for finitely generated abelian groups) \\[\defaultaddspace]

Algebra IV & JKL & S. Lang &
Introduction to Field \newline and Galois Theory \\[\defaultaddspace]

Analysis I &  MNO  & T. Apostol &
Real numbers; Sequences and series;\newline Calculus of a single variable \newline (upto Taylor's Theorem) \\[\defaultaddspace]

Analysis II &  PQR  & T. Apostol &
Riemann integral; Introduction to \newline Calculus of several variables; \newline Metric spaces and elementary \newline topological notions on it \\[\defaultaddspace]

Analysis III &  \parbox{2cm}{STU}  & S. Dineen &
\textbf{Vector Calculus}: multiple integrals, \newline Jacobian formula, line and surface \newline integrals, Green's, Stokes' and Gauss' (Divergence) theorems; \newline Sequences of functions; Weierstrass \newline approximation theorem \\[\defaultaddspace]

Analysis IV &  VWX  & Rudin &
\textbf{Introduction to Function Spaces}:\newline compact metric spaces,\newline C([a,b]) as a complete metric space, \newline Banach's contraction principle, \newline Stone-Weierstrass and Arzela-Ascoli theorems, Fourier series \\[\defaultaddspace]

Probability Theory I &  YZ  & Chung; Feller &
Combinatorial probability and urn models; Conditional probability; \newline Random variables; Expectation; \newline Moment generating functions;\newline Standard distributions(Binomial etc.); \newline Joint and conditional distributions; \newline Weak law of large numbers \\[\defaultaddspace]

Probability Theory II &  YZ  & Feller &
Joint distributions; \newline Transformation of variables\newline(assuming Jacobian formula);\newline Distributions for sums, maxima/minima, order statistics, etc.; Standard multivariate and sampling distributions; Conditional expectation; Convergence of random variables \\[\defaultaddspace]

\bottomrule[2pt]

\end{longtable}

\newpage
\restoregeometry
\lipsum[1-5]

\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

答案2

我建议您对表格执行以下操作，假设它适合一页：

  • 使用tabularx环境而不是tabular环境，将其宽度设置为\textwidth，并使用X列类型作为最后一列。这会将最后一列的宽度设置为（\textwidth减去其他三列的宽度）。

  • 在最后一列中使用 raggedright 排版而不是完全对齐；加载ragged2e包以允许以 raggedright 模式排版的单词连字。

  • 摆脱各种\parbox包装器并使用\newline语句在第 4 列中引入换行符。（感谢@egreg！）

  • 将 many\\ \\[\defaultaddspace]指令替换为\\[\defaultaddspace]。如果您确实需要比 提供的更多的垂直空白\defaultaddspace，只需适当增加该参数的值即可。在下面的示例中，我使用 来2.5\defaultaddspace在代数和分析课程组后提供更多的垂直空间。

假设1in四周都有边距，你会得到以下结果：

在此处输入图片描述

\documentclass[a4paper,10pt]{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[margin=1in]{geometry}
\usepackage{amsmath,amsthm,booktabs}
\usepackage{tabularx,ragged2e}
\newcolumntype{Y}{>{\RaggedRight\arraybackslash}X}

\begin{document}
\noindent
\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{@{} l p{1.75cm} l Y @{}} 
\toprule[2pt] 
Name of Course & Instructor & Book(s) Referred & Brief List of Topics Covered \\ 
\midrule

Algebra I & ABC & Herstein; M. Artin & 
Basic Set Theory; Group Theory\newline
(upto Sylow theorems);\newline
Introduction to Ring Theory \\[\defaultaddspace]

Algebra II & DEF & Hoffman and Kunze & 
Linear Algebra \newline
(upto Spectral theorems) \\[\defaultaddspace]

Algebra III & GHI & S. Lang & 
Ring and Module Theory \newline
(covering Hilbert basis theorem and structure theorem for finitely generated 
abelian groups)\\[\defaultaddspace]

Algebra IV & JKL & S. Lang & 
Introduction to Field and Galois Theory \\[2.5\defaultaddspace]

Analysis I &  MNO  & T. Apostol & 
Real numbers; Sequences and series;\newline
Calculus of a single variable \newline
(upto Taylor's Theorem) \\[\defaultaddspace]

Analysis II &  PQR  & T. Apostol & 
Riemann integral; Introduction to Calculus of several variables; \newline 
Metric spaces and elementary topological notions on it \\[\defaultaddspace]

Analysis III &  STU  & S. Dineen & 
\textbf{Vector Calculus}: multiple integrals, Jacobian formula, line and 
surface integrals, Green's, Stokes' and Gauss' (Divergence) theorems; \newline
Sequences of functions; \newline
Weierstrass approximation theorem \\[\defaultaddspace]

Analysis IV &  VWX  & Rudin & 
\textbf{Introduction to Function Spaces}:\newline
compact metric spaces, $C([a,b])$ as a complete metric space, Banach's contraction principle, 
 Stone-Weierstrass and Arzela-Ascoli theorems, Fourier series \\[2.5\defaultaddspace]

Prob.\ Theory I &  YZ  & Chung; Feller & 
Combinatorial probability and urn models; Conditional probability; \newline
Random variables; Expectation; \newline
Moment generating functions;\newline
Standard distributions (Binomial etc.); \newline
Joint and conditional distributions; \newline
Weak law of large numbers \\[\defaultaddspace]

Prob.\ Theory II &  YZ  & Feller & 
Joint distributions; \newline
Transformation of variables (assuming Jacobian formula);\newline
Distributions for sums, maxima\slash minima, order statistics, etc.;\newline
Standard multivariate and sampling distributions;\newline 
Conditional expectation; \newline
Convergence of random variables \\

\bottomrule[2pt]
\end{tabularx}
\end{document}

附录：扩展此设置非常简单，以便表格可以跨越多个页面。需要（i）加载长桌和文本表（除了tabularx包）在序言中；（ii）对表的页眉/页脚结构进行一些更改，以使其符合语法longtable：

  • 首先将当前表的全部内容（从\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{...}到\end{tabularx}）放入单独文件。将此文件命名为mybiglongtable.tex。（我相信您可以想出一个更合适的名字……）

  • 在“驱动程序文件中”，插入指令

    \LTXtable{\textwidth}{mybiglongtable.tex} % note explicit width indication

    就在您希望表格开始的位置。（Alongtable不是 LaTeX 意义上的“浮动对象”。）因此，前面的单页表格示例中的驱动程序文件将如下所示：

    \documentclass[a4paper,10pt]{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[margin=1in]{geometry}
\usepackage{amsmath,amsthm,booktabs}
\usepackage{tabularx,longtable,ltxtable,ragged2e}
\newcolumntype{Y}{>{\RaggedRight\arraybackslash}X}
\begin{document}
\LTXtable{\textwidth}{mybiglongtable.tex}
\end{document}

  • 在文件中mybiglongtable.tex，进行以下更改：

    • 改变

      \begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{@{} l p{1.75cm} l Y @{}}

      到

      \begin{longtable}{@{} l p{1.75cm} l Y @{}} % no explicit width indication

      并将\end{tabularx}（在文件末尾）更改为\end{longtable}。

    • 使用longtable语法，在之后立即提供所需的页眉和页脚信息\begin{longtable}{...}，如下所示：

      \toprule[2pt] 
Name of Course & Instructor & Book(s) Referred & Brief List of Topics Covered \\ 
\midrule
\endfirsthead
\multicolumn{4}{@{}l}{\emph{Continued from previous page}}\\
\midrule[\heavyrulewidth]
\endhead
\midrule[\heavyrulewidth]
\multicolumn{4}{r@{}}{\emph{Continued on following page}}
\endfoot
\bottomrule[2pt]
\endlastfoot

      请注意，表格顶部和底部的所有规则绘制命令都分配给命令\endfirsthead、\endhead、\endfoot和之一\endlastfoot。

    • 文件的其余部分（直到\end{longtable}）应包含表格的“主体”，即与课程相关的信息。您可以像在早期的 MWE 中一样使用\\[\defaultaddspace]和\\[2.5\defaultaddspace]来提供内容的一些视觉分组。

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