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Tikz 路径不从节点边缘开始/结束

tag-icon • tag-icon tikz-pgf graphs
Tikz 路径不从节点边缘开始/结束

我正在尝试绘制一个有向弧的图形。将会有相当多的弧，所以我需要以各种方式弯曲它们，以使图表清晰易读。

以下是我目前所掌握的信息：

\begin{tikzpicture}
    \filldraw [pattern=north east lines] (0,0) circle (0.333) node (h1);

    \fill [blue, opacity=0.33] (1.5,1.5) circle (0.333);
    \draw (1.5,1.5) circle (0.333) node (1_1) { 1:1 };
    \fill [green, opacity=0.33] (1.5,0) circle (0.333);
    \draw (1.5,0) circle (0.333) node (2_1) { 2:1 };
    \fill [red, opacity=0.33] (1.5,-1.5) circle (0.333);
    \draw (1.5,-1.5) circle (0.333) node (3_1) { 3:1 };

    \filldraw [pattern=north east lines] (3,0) circle (0.333) node (h2);

    \fill [orange, opacity=0.33] (4.5,0.75) circle (0.333);
    \draw (4.5,0.75) circle (0.333) node (4_1) { 4:1 };
    \fill [orange, opacity=0.33] (6,0.75) circle (0.333);
    \draw (6,0.75) circle (0.333) node (4_2) { 4:2 };
    \fill [purple, opacity=0.33] (4.5,-0.75) circle (0.333);
    \draw (4.5,-0.75) circle (0.333) node (5_1) { 5:1 };
    \fill [purple, opacity=0.33] (6,-0.75) circle (0.333);
    \draw (6,-0.75) circle (0.333) node (5_2) { 5:2 };

    \filldraw [pattern=north east lines] (7.5,0) circle (0.333) node (h3);

    \fill [teal, opacity=0.33] (9,0.75) circle (0.333);
    \draw (9,0.75) circle (0.333) node (6_1) { 6:1 };
    \fill [teal, opacity=0.33] (10.5,0.75) circle (0.333);
    \draw (10.5,0.75) circle (0.333) node (6_2) { 6:2 };
    \fill [olive, opacity=0.33] (9.75,-0.75) circle (0.333);
    \draw (9.75,-0.75) circle (0.333) node (7_1) { 7:1 };

    \filldraw [pattern=north east lines] (12,0) circle (0.333) node (h4);
    \filldraw [pattern=north east lines] (13.5,0) circle (0.333) node (h5);

    \draw [->] (0.333,-2.5) -- (13.3335,-2.5) node [midway, below] {Time};

    \path [line, ->] (h1) edge [bend left=15] (1_1);
    \path [line, ->] (h1) edge (2_1);
    \path [line, ->] (h1) edge [bend right=15] (3_1);
    \path [line, ->] (1_1) edge [bend left=15] (h2);
    \path [line, ->] (2_1) edge (h2);
    \path [line, ->] (3_1) edge [bend right=15] (h2);
    \path [line, ->] (h2) -- (4_1);
    \path [line, ->] (h2) -- (5_1);
    \path [line, ->] (4_1) -- (4_2);
    \path [line, ->] (5_1) -- (5_2);
    \path [line, ->] (4_2) -- (h3);
    \path [line, ->] (5_2) -- (h3);
    \path [line, ->] (h3) -- (6_1);
    \path [line, ->] (h3) -- (7_1);
    \path [line, ->] (6_1) -- (6_2);
    \path [line, ->] (6_2) -- (h4);
    \path [line, ->] (7_1) -- (h4);
    \path [line, ->] (h4) -- (h5);

    \path [line, --] (h1) edge [bend left] ++(1.5,2.5) -- (h2);
\end{tikzpicture}

生成结果： 当前图表

有几件事我似乎无法解决：

  1. 定向弧似乎不从圆的边缘开始和结束。我本来想这样做，但\path [line,->] (h1) -- (1_1);结果却不一样，但我不知道该怎么做bend left。此外，edge似乎应该可以解决这个问题，尽管它实际上让情况变得更糟。
  2. 注意我的最后一行：\path [line, --] (h1) edge [bend left] ++(1.5,2.5) -- (h2);。我想连接(h1)到(h2)，但我希望线路在上面，(1_1)这样就不会太拥挤。出于某种原因，线路没有到达(h2)。我试过了bend left=200，但这只会让它看起来很奇怪。此外，箭头与图中的其他箭头不同。我不确定为什么会有箭头，因为->那条线上根本没有箭头。

答案1

我认为您正试图从图案圆圈开始/结束箭头。您正在执行的这两个步骤可以通过定义节点来完成，例如

mynode/.style={pattern=north east lines, circle, draw,inner sep=2pt,outer sep=0pt},

并将phantom{1:1}其作为参数，使得圆的大小相同。

另一方面，对于其他节点，您需要填充圆形区域并绘制圆形，然后放置节点，使其成为一个三步过程。您使用的三行代码可以只有一行，如下所示：

\node[myothernode,fill=orange!30] at (4.5,0.75) (4₁) { 4:1 };

其中myothernode定义如下

myothernode/.style = {draw,circle,inner sep=2pt,outer sep=0pt}

现在所有的圆圈都是由

\node [mynode] at (0,0) (h1){\phantom{1:1}};

\node[myothernode,fill=blue!30] at (1.5,1.5)  (1₁) { 1:1 };
\node[myothernode,fill=green!30] at (1.5,0) (2₁) { 2:1 };
\node[myothernode,fill=red!30] at (1.5,-1.5) (3₁) { 3:1 };

\node [mynode] at (3,0) (h2){\phantom{1:1}};

\node[myothernode,fill=orange!30] at (4.5,0.75) (4₁) { 4:1 };
\node[myothernode,fill=orange!30] at (6,0.75) (4₂) { 4:2 };
\node[myothernode,fill=purple!30] at (4.5,-0.75) (5₁) { 5:1 };
\node[myothernode,fill=purple!30] at (6,-0.75) (5₂) { 5:2 };

\node [mynode] at (7.5,0) (h3){\phantom{1:1}};

\node[myothernode,fill=teal!30] at (9,0.75) (6₁) { 6:1 };
\node[myothernode,fill=teal!30] at (10.5,0.75) (6₂) { 6:2 };
\node[myothernode,fill=olive!30] at (9.75,-0.75) (7₁) { 7:1 };

\node [mynode] at (12,0) (h4){\phantom{1:1}};
\node [mynode] at (13.5,0) (h5){\phantom{1:1}};

现在，绘制边缘的代码可以进一步简化。您使用的是 `\path[line,->]，这会产生错误的结果。继续，您所说的弧/曲线可以通过几种方式绘制。其中一种是定义一个控制点，例如

(h1.north) edge [controls=+(80:2.5) and +(100:2.5)](h2.north);

您可以改变角度和距离来满足您的需要。

完整代码如下

\documentclass[tikz,border=10pt]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{patterns,arrows}
\tikzset{line/.style={-latex'},
         mynode/.style={pattern=north east lines, circle, draw,inner sep=2pt,outer sep=0pt},
         myothernode/.style = {draw,circle,inner sep=2pt,outer sep=0pt}
         }
\begin{document}
 \begin{tikzpicture}
    \node [mynode] at (0,0) (h1){\phantom{1:1}};

    \node[myothernode,fill=blue!30] at (1.5,1.5)  (1₁) { 1:1 };
    \node[myothernode,fill=green!30] at (1.5,0) (2₁) { 2:1 };
    \node[myothernode,fill=red!30] at (1.5,-1.5) (3₁) { 3:1 };

    \node [mynode] at (3,0) (h2){\phantom{1:1}};

    \node[myothernode,fill=orange!30] at (4.5,0.75) (4₁) { 4:1 };
    \node[myothernode,fill=orange!30] at (6,0.75) (4₂) { 4:2 };
    \node[myothernode,fill=purple!30] at (4.5,-0.75) (5₁) { 5:1 };
    \node[myothernode,fill=purple!30] at (6,-0.75) (5₂) { 5:2 };

    \node [mynode] at (7.5,0) (h3){\phantom{1:1}};

    \node[myothernode,fill=teal!30] at (9,0.75) (6₁) { 6:1 };
    \node[myothernode,fill=teal!30] at (10.5,0.75) (6₂) { 6:2 };
    \node[myothernode,fill=olive!30] at (9.75,-0.75) (7₁) { 7:1 };

    \node [mynode] at (12,0) (h4){\phantom{1:1}};
    \node [mynode] at (13.5,0) (h5){\phantom{1:1}};

    \draw [->] (0.333,-2.5) -- (13.3335,-2.5) node [midway, below] {Time};

    \path [line] (h1) edge [bend left=15] (1₁)
     (h1) edge (2₁)
     (h1) edge [bend right=15] (3₁)
     (1₁) edge [bend left=15] (h2)
     (2₁) edge (h2)
     (3₁) edge [bend right=15] (h2)
     (h2) edge (4₁)
     (h2) edge (5₁)
     (4₁) edge (4₂)
     (5₁) edge (5₂)
     (4₂) edge (h3)
     (5₂) edge (h3)
     (h3) edge (6₁)
     (h3) edge (7₁)
     (6₁) edge (6₂)
     (6₂) edge (h4)
     (7₁) edge (h4)
     (h4) edge (h5)
     (h1.north) edge [controls=+(80:2.5) and +(100:2.5)](h2.north);  %% change control point: angle:<vertical distance>
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

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