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乳胶 TIKZ 弹簧和阻尼器排成一排（并联弹簧）

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乳胶 TIKZ 弹簧和阻尼器排成一排（并联弹簧）

我没有深入研究绘制一行阻尼器和弹簧的语法（它们之间没有质量或其他任何东西）：我所能做的就是将它们平行绘制：另一件事：我如何控制弹簧的长度？

非常感谢您的帮助！

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{calc,patterns,decorations.pathmorphing,decorations.markings}

\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}[every node/.style={draw,outer sep=0pt,thick}]
\tikzstyle{spring}=[thick,decorate,decoration={zigzag,pre length=0.3cm,post length=0.3cm,segment length=6}]
\tikzstyle{damper}=[thick,decoration={markings,  
  mark connection node=dmp,
  mark=at position 0.5 with 
  {
    \node (dmp) [thick,inner sep=0pt,transform shape,rotate=-90,minimum width=15pt,minimum height=3pt,draw=none] {};
    \draw [thick] ($(dmp.north east)+(2pt,0)$) -- (dmp.south east) -- (dmp.south west) -- ($(dmp.north west)+(2pt,0)$);
    \draw [thick] ($(dmp.north)+(0,-5pt)$) -- ($(dmp.north)+(0,5pt)$);
  }
}, decorate]
\tikzstyle{ground}=[fill,pattern=north east lines,draw=none,minimum width=0.75cm,minimum height=0.3cm]


\begin{scope}[xshift=7cm]

\node (wall) [ground, rotate=-90, minimum width=3cm,yshift=-3cm] {};
\node (walle) [ground, rotate=-90, minimum width=3cm,yshift=3cm] {};


\draw (wall.north east) -- (wall.north west);
\draw (walle.south west) -- (walle.south east);


\draw [spring, width=15pt] (wall.170) -- ($(walle.south west)!(walle.170)!(walle.south east)$);
\draw [damper] (wall.10) -- ($(walle.south west)!(walle.10)!(walle.south east)$);

\node (dmp) [thick,inner sep=0pt,transform shape,rotate=-90,minimum width=15pt,minimum height=3pt,draw=none] {};



\end{scope}

\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

答案1

像这样？

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{calc,patterns,decorations.pathmorphing,decorations.markings}

\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}[every node/.style={draw,outer sep=0pt,thick}]
\tikzstyle{spring}=[thick,decorate,decoration={zigzag,pre length=0.3cm,post length=0.3cm,segment length=6}]
\tikzstyle{damper}=[thick,decoration={markings,
  mark connection node=dmp,
  mark=at position 0.5 with
  {
    \node (dmp) [thick,inner sep=0pt,transform shape,rotate=-90,minimum width=15pt,minimum height=3pt,draw=none] {};
    \draw [thick] ($(dmp.north east)+(2pt,0)$) -- (dmp.south east) -- (dmp.south west) -- ($(dmp.north west)+(2pt,0)$);
    \draw [thick] ($(dmp.north)+(0,-5pt)$) -- ($(dmp.north)+(0,5pt)$);
  }
}, decorate]
\tikzstyle{ground}=[fill,pattern=north east lines,draw=none,minimum width=0.75cm,minimum height=0.3cm]


\begin{scope}[xshift=7cm]

\node (wall) [ground, rotate=-90, minimum width=3cm,yshift=-3cm] {};
\node (walle) [ground, rotate=-90, minimum width=3cm,yshift=3cm] {};


\draw (wall.north east) -- (wall.north west);
\draw (walle.south west) -- (walle.south east);


\draw [spring, line width=15pt] ($(wall.north west)!0.2!(wall.north east)$) -- ++(3.5cm,0)coordinate (m);
\draw [damper] (m) -- ($(walle.south west)!0.2!(walle.south east)$);

\node (dmp) [thick,inner sep=0pt,transform shape,rotate=-90,minimum width=15pt,minimum height=3pt,draw=none] {};

\end{scope}

\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

如何改进代码？

首先不要使用\tikzstyle但是tikzset。不要旋转单个节点，而是先绘制它们并旋转整个部分。这使您(wall.north east)更容易可视化方向和锚点（例如等）。

此外，您可以使用相对坐标设置弹簧的长度，例如：

 \draw [spring, line width=15pt] ($(wall.north west)!0.2!(wall.north east)$) -- ++(0,3.5cm);

这意味着 - “从距离总长度 0.2 的点向西北和东北方向（从西北测量）”。-- ++(0,3.5cm)意味着 - 到 x 方向 0 厘米和 y 方向 3.5 厘米的距离”。

绘制弹簧后，我们在弹簧末端放置一个坐标

............++(0,3.5cm)coordinate (m);

从(m)我们绘制damper到walle：

\draw [damper] (m) -- ($(walle.south west)!0.2!(walle.south east)$);

第二部分如前所述。

完整代码：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{calc,patterns,decorations.pathmorphing,decorations.markings}

\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}[every node/.style={draw,outer sep=0pt,thick}]
\tikzset{
    spring/.style = {thick,decorate,decoration={zigzag,pre length=0.3cm,post length=0.3cm,segment 
                        length=6}},
    damper/.style ={thick,decoration={markings,
                        mark connection node=dmp,
                        mark=at position 0.5 with
                            {
                            \node (dmp) [thick,inner sep=0pt,transform shape,rotate=-90,minimum 
                                    width=15pt,minimum height=3pt,draw=none] {};
                            \draw [thick] ($(dmp.north east)+(2pt,0)$) -- (dmp.south east) -- (dmp.south 
                                    west) -- ($(dmp.north west)+(2pt,0)$);
                            \draw [thick] ($(dmp.north)+(0,-5pt)$) -- ($(dmp.north)+(0,5pt)$);
                            }
                        }, decorate},
    ground/.style ={fill,pattern=north east lines,draw=none,minimum width=0.75cm,minimum height=0.3cm}
}

\begin{scope}[rotate=-90,transform shape]       %%% rotate here, both options needed.

\node (wall) [ground, minimum width=3cm,anchor=center] at (0,0) {};
\node (walle) [ground, minimum width=3cm,anchor=center] at (0,6) {};


\draw (wall.north east) -- (wall.north west);
\draw (walle.south west) -- (walle.south east);


\draw [spring, line width=15pt] ($(wall.north west)!0.2!(wall.north east)$) -- ++(0,3.5cm)coordinate (m);
\draw [damper] (m) -- ($(walle.south west)!0.2!(walle.south east)$);
 %
%% now a parallel spring
\draw [spring, line width=15pt] ($(wall.north west)!0.8!(wall.north east)$) -- ($(walle.south west)!0.8!(walle.south east)$);

%\node (dmp) [thick,inner sep=0pt,transform shape,rotate=-90,minimum width=15pt,minimum height=3pt,draw=none] {};

\end{scope}

\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

结果是：

在此处输入图片描述

答案2

非常感谢！ 在此处输入图片描述 以下是我的最终代码，供大家参考：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{calc,patterns,decorations.pathmorphing,decorations.markings}

\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}[every node/.style={draw,outer sep=0pt,thick}]
\tikzset{
    spring/.style = {thick,decorate,decoration={zigzag,pre length=0.3cm,post length=0.3cm,segment 
                        length=6}},
    damper/.style ={thick,decoration={markings,
                        mark connection node=dmp,
                        mark=at position 0.5 with
                            {
                            \node (dmp) [thick,inner sep=0pt,transform shape,rotate=-90,minimum 
                                    width=15pt,minimum height=3pt,draw=none] {};
                            \draw [thick] ($(dmp.north east)+(1pt,0)$) -- (dmp.south east) -- (dmp.south 
                                    west) -- ($(dmp.north west)+(1pt,0)$);
                            \draw [thick] ($(dmp.north)+(0,-5pt)$) -- ($(dmp.north)+(0,5pt)$);
                            }
                        }, decorate},
    ground/.style ={fill,pattern=north east lines,draw=none,minimum width=0.75cm,minimum height=0.3cm}
}

\begin{scope}[rotate=-90,transform shape]       %%% rotate here, both options needed.

\node (wall) [ground, minimum width=3cm,anchor=center] at (0,0) {};
\node (walle) [ground, minimum width=3cm,anchor=center] at (0,6) {};

\draw (wall.north east) -- (wall.north west);
\draw (walle.south west) -- (walle.south east);

%% now a parallel spring
\draw [line width=0.8pt] ($(wall.north west)!0.2!(wall.north east)$) -- ++(0,2cm)coordinate (z);
\draw [spring] (z) -- ++(0,2cm)coordinate (t); 
\draw [line width=0.8pt] (t) -- ($(walle.south west)!0.2!(walle.south east)$);

\end{scope}


\begin{scope}[rotate=-90,transform shape]       %%% rotate here, both options needed.

\draw [line width=0.8pt] ($(wall.north west)!0.8!(wall.north east)$) -- ++(0,1cm)coordinate (z);
\draw [spring] (z) -- ++(0,2cm)coordinate (t); 
\draw [damper] (t) -- ++(0,2cm)coordinate (u); 
\draw [line width=0.8pt] (u) -- ($(walle.south west)!0.8!(walle.south east)$);

\end{scope}

\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

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