☰

按照 Tikz 手册中指定的方式使用背景层需要什么？

tag-icon • tag-icon tikz-pgf
按照 Tikz 手册中指定的方式使用背景层需要什么？

中的示例PGF/Tikz 手册在第 77-82 页上，当将其合并到我的简单组织结构图中时会出现错误：! Package pgf Error: Sorry, the requested layer 'background' could not be found. Maybe you misspelled it?.See the pgf package documentation for explanation.Type H <return> for immediate help.... \begin{pgfonlayer}{background}

意识到该示例不是独立的，我确实进行了搜索，background但没有看到它被明确声明，也许我遗漏了一些东西。

\documentclass[10pt]{article}
\usepackage[landscape,paper=letterpaper]{geometry}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{trees}
\usetikzlibrary{shadings}
\tikzstyle{every node}=[draw=black,thin]

\begin{document}

\begin{figure}[!htb]
\begin{tikzpicture}[]
    \node[anchor=south](Supervisor){Supervisor}[]

    % Teammate and Subordinates
    child{node {Teammate1}}
    child{node {Teammate2}}
    child{node {Teammate3}}
    child{node {Teammate4}}
    child{node {Teammate5}};

    \begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
        \clip[xshift=-1cm] (-.5\textwidth,-.5\textheight) rectangle ++(\textwidth,\textheight);
        \colorlet{upperleft}{green!50!black!25}
        \colorlet{upperright}{orange!25}
        \colorlet{lowerleft}{red!25}
        \colorlet{lowerright}{blue!25}
        % The large rectangles:
        \fill [upperleft] (Supervisor) rectangle ++(-20,20);
        \fill [upperright] (Supervisor) rectangle ++(20,20);
        \fill [lowerleft] (Supervisor) rectangle ++(-20,-20);
        \fill [lowerright] (Supervisor) rectangle ++(20,-20);
        % The shadings:
        \shade [left color=upperleft,right color=upperright]([xshift=-1cm]Supervisor) rectangle ++(2,20);
        \shade [left color=lowerleft,right color=lowerright]([xshift=-1cm]Supervisor) rectangle ++(2,-20);
        \shade [top color=upperleft,bottom color=lowerleft]([yshift=-1cm]Supervisor) rectangle ++(-20,2);
        \shade [top color=upperright,bottom color=lowerright]([yshift=-1cm]Supervisor) rectangle ++(20,2);
    \end{pgfonlayer}         
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{figure}

\end{document}

答案1

您必须首先声明层：

\pgfdeclarelayer{background}
\pgfsetlayers{background}

代码：

\documentclass[10pt]{article}
\usepackage[landscape,paper=letterpaper]{geometry}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{trees}
\usetikzlibrary{shadings}
\tikzset{every node/.append style = {draw=black,thin}}

\pgfdeclarelayer{background}
\pgfdeclarelayer{foreground}
\pgfsetlayers{background,main,foreground}   %% some additional layers for demo

\begin{document}

\begin{figure}[!htb]
\begin{tikzpicture}[ level 1/.style={sibling distance=6em}]
    \node[anchor=south](Supervisor){Supervisor}[]

    % Teammate and Subordinates
    child{node {Teammate1}}
    child{node {Teammate2}}
    child{node {Teammate3}}
    child{node {Teammate4}}
    child{node {Teammate5}};

    \begin{pgfonlayer}{background}
        \clip[xshift=-1cm] (-.5\textwidth,-.5\textheight) rectangle ++(\textwidth,\textheight);
        \colorlet{upperleft}{green!50!black!25}
        \colorlet{upperright}{orange!25}
        \colorlet{lowerleft}{red!25}
        \colorlet{lowerright}{blue!25}
        % The large rectangles:
        \fill [upperleft] (Supervisor) rectangle ++(-20,20);
        \fill [upperright] (Supervisor) rectangle ++(20,20);
        \fill [lowerleft] (Supervisor) rectangle ++(-20,-20);
        \fill [lowerright] (Supervisor) rectangle ++(20,-20);
        % The shadings:
        \shade [left color=upperleft,right color=upperright]([xshift=-1cm]Supervisor) rectangle ++(2,20);
        \shade [left color=lowerleft,right color=lowerright]([xshift=-1cm]Supervisor) rectangle ++(2,-20);
        \shade [top color=upperleft,bottom color=lowerleft]([yshift=-1cm]Supervisor) rectangle ++(-20,2);
        \shade [top color=upperright,bottom color=lowerright]([yshift=-1cm]Supervisor) rectangle ++(20,2);
    \end{pgfonlayer}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{figure}

\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

在 pgfmanual 版本 3 中，这在第 109.1、2 和 3 节（109 分层图形）的第 1084 页中进行了解释。对于版本 2.1，请参见第 662 页第 82 节。

答案2

您还可以使用backgrounds库（pgfmanual v 3.0.0 中的第 43 节，第 509-512 页）。它声明main并background分层，您无需使用\pgfdeclarelayer命令。无需环境，只需向环境pgfonlayer添加选项即可。[on background layer]scope

\begin{scope}[on background layer]
...
\end{scope}

这个语法可以用scopes库来缩短（第 12.3.2 节 范围环境的简写），它允许编写

{[on background layer]
...
}

Harish 针对这些命令编写的代码如下

\documentclass[10pt]{article}
\usepackage[landscape,paper=letterpaper]{geometry}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{trees}
\usetikzlibrary{shadings}
\usetikzlibrary{backgrounds,scopes}   %<------- Load libraries
\tikzset{every node/.append style = {draw=black,thin}}

\begin{document}

\begin{figure}[!htb]
\begin{tikzpicture}[ level 1/.style={sibling distance=6em}]
    \node[anchor=south](Supervisor){Supervisor}[]

    % Teammate and Subordinates
    child{node {Teammate1}}
    child{node {Teammate2}}
    child{node {Teammate3}}
    child{node {Teammate4}}
    child{node {Teammate5}};

    {[on background layer] %<- Everything is drawn on background layer
        \clip[xshift=-1cm] (-.5\textwidth,-.5\textheight) rectangle ++(\textwidth,\textheight);
        \colorlet{upperleft}{green!50!black!25}
        \colorlet{upperright}{orange!25}
        \colorlet{lowerleft}{red!25}
        \colorlet{lowerright}{blue!25}
        % The large rectangles:
        \fill [upperleft] (Supervisor) rectangle ++(-20,20);
        \fill [upperright] (Supervisor) rectangle ++(20,20);
        \fill [lowerleft] (Supervisor) rectangle ++(-20,-20);
        \fill [lowerright] (Supervisor) rectangle ++(20,-20);
        % The shadings:
        \shade [left color=upperleft,right color=upperright]([xshift=-1cm]Supervisor) rectangle ++(2,20);
        \shade [left color=lowerleft,right color=lowerright]([xshift=-1cm]Supervisor) rectangle ++(2,-20);
        \shade [top color=upperleft,bottom color=lowerleft]([yshift=-1cm]Supervisor) rectangle ++(-20,2);
        \shade [top color=upperright,bottom color=lowerright]([yshift=-1cm]Supervisor) rectangle ++(20,2);
    } %<----- End background scope
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{figure}

\end{document}

正如您所看到的，您得到了相同的结果：

在此处输入图片描述

相关内容