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如何画平行电容器板

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如何画平行电容器板

我正在尝试以 3D 透视图创建电路的一部分，如下所示：

enter image description here

如何才能做到这一点？

电容器的主体现在已经在乳胶中创建，剩下的就是从阴影圆圈的两侧创建线。

答案1

以下内容可以帮助您入门。

编辑：您可以分别使用和键独立控制draw和fill元素的不透明度。请参阅draw opacityfill opacityTikz：使用不透明度进行填充，但不改变绘制（线条）更多细节。

enter image description here

\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{decorations.markings,arrows,patterns,shapes}

\tikzset{
  ->-/.style={decoration={
    markings,
    mark=at position .3 with {\arrow{triangle 90}}},postaction={decorate}},
}

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\def\Cplanesep{3} % <--- adjust the distance between the planes here
\def\Cwirelen{4}  % <--- adjust the wire length here
\path[use as bounding box]
  ({3-\Cwirelen}, -3) rectangle ({3.2+\Cplanesep+\Cwirelen}, 3.5);
  % necessary for cropping the picture
  % because control points lie way out
  % (dimensions adjusted manually...)
\newcommand\Cplane[1][0]
{%
  \begin{scope}[xshift=#1 cm]
  \filldraw[thick,draw=black,fill=gray,fill opacity=.3]
      (2.5,-2.5) --
      (2.5,1)    --
      (4,3)      --
      (4,-0.5)   --
      cycle;
  \end{scope}
}
\node
[
  draw,
  thick,
  ellipse,
  minimum height = 1.5cm,
  minimum width  = 1cm,
  decorate,
  pattern = north east lines,
  fill opacity = .7,
  rotate       = -20
] (hc) at (1.5,0) {};
\draw[thick,->-]
  ({3-\Cwirelen},0) -- ++(\Cwirelen,0)
  node[pos=.3,anchor=north] {$I$};
\Cplane
\Cplane[\Cplanesep]
\draw[thick] ({3.2+\Cplanesep},0) -- ++(\Cwirelen,0) ;
\draw
  (hc.north)
  .. controls (6,10) and (5, -9) ..
  (hc.south);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

答案2

此代码使用hobbytikz 库来绘制信封：

\documentclass[tikz,border=10pt]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{decorations.markings, arrows,calc,patterns,shapes,hobby,backgrounds}

\tikzset{
    single/.style={draw,
        decoration={markings, mark=at position .5 with {\arrow{triangle 45}}},
        postaction={decorate},
    },
    }
\begin{document}
  \begin{tikzpicture}[font=\tiny]
    \coordinate (a) at (0,0);
    \coordinate (b) at (2,0);
    \coordinate (c) at (2,2);
    \coordinate (d) at (0,2);
    %
    \coordinate (a1) at (0.65,0.5);
    \coordinate (b1) at (2.65,0.5);
    \coordinate (c1) at (2.65,2.5);
    \coordinate (d1) at (0.65,2.5);
    %
    \draw[thick,fill=gray!30] (d) -- coordinate(da) (a) -- (a1) -- (d1) -- cycle;
    \draw[thick,fill=gray!30] (b) -- (b1) -- (c1) -- (c) -- cycle;
    \draw[single] (-2,1) -- (da)node[midway,above] {I};
    \draw(2.3,1) -- (4,1);
    \node
        [
            draw,
            %thick,
            ellipse,
            minimum height = 1cm,
            minimum width  = 0.5cm, 
            pattern = north east lines,            
            fill opacity = .5,
            rotate       = -10
        ] (el) at (-0.5,1) {};
    \begin{scope}[on background layer]
    \draw (el.north)
        to[curve through={(-0.3,1.7) .. (0.5,2.6) .. (0.6,2.6) ..
                  (0.9,1)   .. (0.75,0) ..
                  (0.1,-0.3)  
                  }
            ]
            (el.south);
    \end{scope}
  \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

enter image description here

答案3

使用 PSTricks。

\documentclass[pstricks,border=30pt,12pt]{standalone}
\usepackage{pstricks-add}
\def\plate{\pspolygon(-1,-2)(1,-1)(1,3)(-1,2)}

\begin{document}
\begin{pspicture}[fillstyle=solid,fillcolor=gray,arrowscale=2,opacity=.3](9,5)
\rput(3,2){\pcline[ArrowInside=->](-3,0)(0,0)\nbput{$I$}\plate}
\rput(6,2){\plate\psline[ArrowInside=->](3,0)}
\end{pspicture}
\end{document}

enter image description here

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