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限制和压缩参考书目中的作者至最大宽度

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限制和压缩参考书目中的作者至最大宽度

使用biblatex，可以非常轻松地选择作者（或编辑）姓名及其列表在参考书目中的显示方式。您可以选择名字和姓氏（以及姓名的其他部分）的顺序，决定名字和中间名是否应缩写为首字母或完全省略，并设置最多显示人数，其余人员隐藏在“et al.”或其本地变体中。

我怎样才能biblatex自动使用适合一行（或任意宽度）的最长形式？

我希望它尝试以下变体（其中n是名字的数量)：

  1. 所有名字均完整。
  2. 所有姓名、首字母缩写我最右边的 (1 ≤我≤n）。
  3. 所有带首字母的名字，删除我最右边的 (1 ≤我≤n–1)，请添加“et al.”。

示例代码：

\documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{minimal}
\usepackage[showframe]{geometry}
\newcommand*\yearandtitle{\hfill \quad 2012\\
\textit{A very interesting book. With subtitle}. \hfill Someplace / Otherplace: SUP Press\par\medskip}
\begin{document}
% full line
\noindent Agnes Ursula \textsc{Thor}, Charles-Oliver \textsc{Author}, William \textsc{Riter} and Claire \textsc{Ontributor}\yearandtitle
% add Sandra Uperv-Isor
\noindent Agnes Ursula \textsc{Thor}, Charles-Oliver \textsc{Author}, William \textsc{Riter}, Claire \textsc{Ontributor} and Sandra \textsc{Uperv-Isor}\yearandtitle
% shorten as much as necessary
\noindent Agnes Ursula \textsc{Thor}, C.-O. \textsc{Author}, W. \textsc{Riter}, C. \textsc{Ontributor} and S. \textsc{Uperv-Isor}\yearandtitle
% add Gina Raphics
\noindent A. U. \textsc{Thor}, C.-O. \textsc{Author}, W. \textsc{Riter}, C. \textsc{Ontributor}, S. \textsc{Uperv-Isor} and G. \textsc{Raphics} \yearandtitle
% shorten
\noindent A. U. \textsc{Thor}, C.-O. \textsc{Author}, W. \textsc{Riter}, C. \textsc{Ontributor}, S. \textsc{Uperv-Isor} et al. \yearandtitle
\end{document}

参考书目：

@book{foo, Author={Agnes Ursula Thor and Charles-Oliver Author and William Riter and Claire Ontributor and Sandra Uperv-Isor and Gina Raphics}, Year={2014}, Title={A very interesting book}, Subtitle={With subtitle}, Publisher={SUP Press}, Location={Someplace / Otherplace}}

算法（伪代码）：

\newlength\availablewidth{\linewidth}% for instance

\ifthenelse % 1. try all full names
{\widthof{\printnames{author}} < \availablewidth}% condition
{\printnames{author}}% then
{% else
  \ifthenelse % 2. try all initial names
  {\widthof{\printnames[initials]{author}} < \availablewidth}% condition
  {\printnames[initials][]{author}}% then (advanced: expand the left-most ones again)
  {% else (automatically set `maxbibnames` locally)
    \printnames[initials][etal]{author}% (advanced: automatically determine local `minbibnames` value)
}

答案1

尝试下面的代码，它很大程度上依赖于上面的伪代码。

我们使用 a\savebox来评估长度。我们只需要设置\setlength{\availablewidth}{\linewidth}。

我们定义一个新的bibmacro varwidthname。我们需要一些新的名称格式

\DeclareNameFormat{first-last-full}{%
  \usebibmacro{name:first-last}{#1}{#3}{#5}{#7}}
\DeclareNameFormat{first-last-inits}{%
  \usebibmacro{name:first-last}{#1}{#4}{#5}{#7}}
\DeclareNameFormat{first-last-inits-etal}{%
  \usebibmacro{name:first-last}{#1}{#4}{#5}{#7}%
  \usebibmacro{name:andothers}}

\newlength{\availablewidth}
\setlength{\availablewidth}{\linewidth}
%\setlength{\availablewidth}{50mm}
\newcounter{templabelnamea}
\newcounter{templabelnameb}
\newcommand*{\thisnamedelim}{\multinamedelim}
\newif\ifprintouthappened
\printouthappenedfalse
\newsavebox\mybox

\makeatletter
\newbibmacro*{varwidthname}{%
  \printouthappenedfalse
  \sbox{\mybox}{\printnames[first-last-full][-\c@labelname]{labelname}}% this is the full name list
  \ifdim\wd\mybox>\availablewidth% if the full list is to long, start shortening it
    \sbox{\mybox}{\printnames[first-last-inits][-\c@labelname]{labelname}}% all initials
    \ifdim\wd\mybox<\availablewidth
      \setcounter{templabelnamea}{\c@labelname}%
      \setcounter{templabelnameb}{\c@labelname}%
      \addtocounter{templabelnameb}{-1}%
      \loop\ifnum\value{templabelnamea}>1%
        \ifnum\value{templabelnamea}=\c@labelname
          \renewcommand{\thisnamedelim}{\finalnamedelim}%
        \else
          \renewcommand{\thisnamedelim}{\multinamedelim}%
        \fi
        \sbox{\mybox}{\printnames[first-last-full][1-\value{templabelnameb}]{labelname}\thisnamedelim\printnames[first-last-inits][\value{templabelnamea}-\c@labelname]{labelname}}%
        \ifnum\wd\mybox<\availablewidth
          \printnames[first-last-full][1-\value{templabelnameb}]{labelname}\thisnamedelim\printnames[first-last-inits][\value{templabelnamea}-\c@labelname]{labelname}%
          \printouthappenedtrue
          \let\iterate\relax
        \fi
        \addtocounter{templabelnamea}{-1}%
        \addtocounter{templabelnameb}{-1}%
      \repeat
      \ifprintouthappened
      \else
        \printnames[first-last-inits][-\c@labelname]{labelname}%
        \printouthappenedtrue
      \fi
    \else
      \sbox{\mybox}{\printnames[first-last-inits][-\c@labelname]{labelname}}%
      \setcounter{templabelnamea}{\c@labelname}%
      \loop\ifnum\value{templabelnamea}>0
        \sbox{\mybox}{\printnames[first-last-inits-etal][-\value{templabelnamea}]{labelname}}%
        \ifnum\wd\mybox<\availablewidth
          \printnames[first-last-inits-etal][-\value{templabelnamea}]{labelname}%
          \printouthappenedtrue
          \let\iterate\relax
        \fi
        \addtocounter{templabelnamea}{-1}%
      \repeat
    \fi
  \else% full list is fine
    \printnames[first-last-full][-\c@labelname]{labelname}%
    \printouthappenedtrue
  \fi
  \ifprintouthappened
  \else
    \printnames[first-last-inits-etal][1-1]{labelname}%
  \fi}
\makeatother

如果可用宽度太小而无法容纳任何内容，此命令将不会打印任何内容。 如果空间太小而无法容纳任何内容，该命令将始终选择最短的形式（一个作者，带有姓名首字母，如果适用的话，还有“et al.”）。

我们可以定义一个新的 cite 命令：\varwidthciteauthor。

\DeclareCiteCommand{\varwidthciteauthor}
  {\usebibmacro{prenote}}
  {\usebibmacro{citeindex}%
   \usebibmacro{varwidthname}}
  {\multicitedelim}
  {\usebibmacro{postnote}}

平均能量损失

\documentclass[a4paper]{article}
\usepackage[maxnames=999]{biblatex}
\usepackage{filecontents}
\begin{filecontents*}{\jobname.bib}
@book{foo1, Author={Agnes Ursula Thor and Charles-Oliver Author and William Riter and Claire Ontributor and Sandra Uperv-Isor and Gina Raphics}, Year={2014}, Title={A very interesting book}, Subtitle={With subtitle}, Publisher={SUP Press}, Location={Someplace / Otherplace}}
@book{foo2, Author={Agnes Ursula Thor and Charles-Oliver Author and William Riter and Claire Ontributor and Sandra Uperv-Isor}, Year={2014}, Title={A very interesting book}, Subtitle={With subtitle}, Publisher={SUP Press}, Location={Someplace / Otherplace}}
@book{foo3, Author={Agnes Ursula Thor and Charles-Oliver Author and William Riter and Claire Ontributor}, Year={2014}, Title={A very interesting book}, Subtitle={With subtitle}, Publisher={SUP Press}, Location={Someplace / Otherplace}}
@book{foo4, Author={Agnes Ursula Thor and Charles-Oliver Author and William Riter}, Year={2014}, Title={A very interesting book}, Subtitle={With subtitle}, Publisher={SUP Press}, Location={Someplace / Otherplace}}
@book{foo5, Author={Agnes Ursula Thor and Charles-Oliver Author}, Year={2014}, Title={A very interesting book}, Subtitle={With subtitle}, Publisher={SUP Press}, Location={Someplace / Otherplace}}
@book{foo6, Author={Agnes Ursula Thor}, Year={2014}, Title={A very interesting book}, Subtitle={With subtitle}, Publisher={SUP Press}, Location={Someplace / Otherplace}}
\end{filecontents*}
\addbibresource{\jobname.bib}

\DeclareCiteCommand{\varwidthciteauthor}
  {\usebibmacro{prenote}}
  {\usebibmacro{citeindex}%
   \usebibmacro{varwidthname}}
  {\multicitedelim}
  {\usebibmacro{postnote}}

\DeclareNameFormat{first-last-full}{%
  \usebibmacro{name:first-last}{#1}{#3}{#5}{#7}}
\DeclareNameFormat{first-last-inits}{%
  \usebibmacro{name:first-last}{#1}{#4}{#5}{#7}}
\DeclareNameFormat{first-last-inits-etal}{%
  \usebibmacro{name:first-last}{#1}{#4}{#5}{#7}%
  \usebibmacro{name:andothers}}

\newlength{\availablewidth}
\setlength{\availablewidth}{\linewidth}
%\setlength{\availablewidth}{50mm}
\newcounter{templabelnamea}
\newcounter{templabelnameb}
\newcommand*{\thisnamedelim}{\multinamedelim}
\newif\ifprintouthappened
\printouthappenedfalse
\newsavebox\mybox

\makeatletter
\newbibmacro*{varwidthname}{%
  \printouthappenedfalse
  \sbox{\mybox}{\printnames[first-last-full][-\c@labelname]{labelname}}% this is the full name list
  \ifdim\wd\mybox>\availablewidth% if the full list is to long, start shortening it
    \sbox{\mybox}{\printnames[first-last-inits][-\c@labelname]{labelname}}% all initials
    \ifdim\wd\mybox<\availablewidth
      \setcounter{templabelnamea}{\c@labelname}%
      \setcounter{templabelnameb}{\c@labelname}%
      \addtocounter{templabelnameb}{-1}%
      \loop\ifnum\value{templabelnamea}>1%
        \ifnum\value{templabelnamea}=\c@labelname
          \renewcommand{\thisnamedelim}{\finalnamedelim}%
        \else
          \renewcommand{\thisnamedelim}{\multinamedelim}%
        \fi
        \sbox{\mybox}{\printnames[first-last-full][1-\value{templabelnameb}]{labelname}\thisnamedelim\printnames[first-last-inits][\value{templabelnamea}-\c@labelname]{labelname}}%
        \ifnum\wd\mybox<\availablewidth
          \printnames[first-last-full][1-\value{templabelnameb}]{labelname}\thisnamedelim\printnames[first-last-inits][\value{templabelnamea}-\c@labelname]{labelname}%
          \printouthappenedtrue
          \let\iterate\relax
        \fi
        \addtocounter{templabelnamea}{-1}%
        \addtocounter{templabelnameb}{-1}%
      \repeat
      \ifprintouthappened
      \else
        \printnames[first-last-inits][-\c@labelname]{labelname}%
        \printouthappenedtrue
      \fi
    \else
      \sbox{\mybox}{\printnames[first-last-inits][-\c@labelname]{labelname}}%
      \setcounter{templabelnamea}{\c@labelname}%
      \loop\ifnum\value{templabelnamea}>0
        \sbox{\mybox}{\printnames[first-last-inits-etal][-\value{templabelnamea}]{labelname}}%
        \ifnum\wd\mybox<\availablewidth
          \printnames[first-last-inits-etal][-\value{templabelnamea}]{labelname}%
          \printouthappenedtrue
          \let\iterate\relax
        \fi
        \addtocounter{templabelnamea}{-1}%
      \repeat
    \fi
  \else% full list is fine
    \printnames[first-last-full][-\c@labelname]{labelname}%
    \printouthappenedtrue
  \fi
  \ifprintouthappened
  \else
    \printnames[first-last-inits-etal][1-1]{labelname}%
  \fi}
\makeatother


\begin{document}
\noindent\varwidthciteauthor{foo1}

\noindent\varwidthciteauthor{foo2}

\noindent\varwidthciteauthor{foo3}

\noindent\varwidthciteauthor{foo4}

\noindent\varwidthciteauthor{foo5}

\noindent\varwidthciteauthor{foo6}
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

请注意，您真的不应该在实际文档中使用这种引用命令，因为要测试的适当长度将比仅仅确定更难\linewidth。而且 - 这是更重要的一点 - 它看起来非常不一致（有时您打印 4 个名字，然后又只有 2 个，有时只有首字母，有时是全名，有时甚至是两者之间的某种混合），风格指南通常会鄙视不一致 - 尤其是这种比例的不一致 - 这是有充分理由的。

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