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如何在 Tikz 上的文本之间插入行

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如何在 Tikz 上的文本之间插入行

我是 Tikz 的新手，今天才开始使用它，遇到了一些困难，找不到解决办法。我正在根据以下示例制作一个框图例如：控制系统原理。我尝试根据自己的需要进行修改，例如在块上方添加文本\node [above of=controller, node distance=1.2cm] (MP:1) {$MP_1$};。我不知道这是否是正确的方法。我的理想情况是将此文本用左右箭头连接到引脚样式tin和tout/tin。由于tin和tout/tin我无法给它们命名，因此我无法使用该命令，\draw [draw,->] (tin) -- node [name=line] {} (MP:1);因此它将不起作用。我尝试插入\draw [->, right of=MP:1, node distance=1.5cm] {};但输出再次不正确。我查看了 Tikz 手册，并通过使用诸如这样的坐标找到了解决我的问题的方法\draw [<-] (20mm,10mm) -- (0mm,10mm);。结果再次不正确。

所以我的第一个问题是，我插入的文本是否正确，以便为文本提供名称作为参考，或者有没有更好的方法？我的第二个问题是，如果我正确插入文本，是否可以为 pinstyles 创建参考名称，如果不行，我该如何绘制线条？下面提供了我的代码示例以供测试，还有输出图片。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes,arrows}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\pgfplotsset{compat=1.8}

\begin{document}

\tikzstyle{block} = [draw, rectangle, minimum height=2em, minimum width=5em] %fill=blue!20
\tikzstyle{sum} = [draw, circle, node distance=2.0cm, minimum size=6mm]
\tikzstyle{input} = [coordinate] 
\tikzstyle{output} = [coordinate]
\tikzstyle{pinstyle} = [pin edge={to-,thin,black}]

\begin{figure}[!ht]
\begin{center}
\makebox[\textwidth][c]{
\begin{tikzpicture}[auto, node distance=1.5cm,>=latex']
\node [input, name=input] {};
\node [sum, right of=input, pin={[pinstyle]above:$t_{in}$}, node distance=1.5cm] (sum) {MP};
\draw [draw,->] (input) -- node [name=begging] {UE} (sum);
\node [block, right of=sum, node distance=2.0cm] (controller) {Node B};
% Text above of GGSN (MP1)
\node [above of=controller, node distance=1.2cm] (MP:1) {$MP_1$};
\draw [<-] (20mm,10mm) -- (0mm,10mm);
%\draw [->, right of=MP:1, node distance=1.5cm] {};
\draw [->] (sum) -- node {} (controller);
\node [sum, right of=controller, pin={[pinstyle]above:$t_{out}/t_{in}$}, node distance=2.0cm] (sum_2) {MP};
\draw [->] (controller) -- node [name=u] {} (sum_2);
\node [block, right of=sum_2, node distance=2.0cm] (controller_2) {RNC};
% Text above of GGSN (MP2)
\node [above of=controller_2, node distance=1.2cm] (MP:2) {$MP_2$};
\draw [->] (sum_2) -- node [name=u2] {} (controller_2);
\node [sum, right of=controller_2, pin={[pinstyle]above:$t_{out}/t_{in}$}, node distance=2.0cm] (sum_3) {MP};
\draw [->] (controller_2) -- node [name=u3] {} (sum_3);
\node [block, right of=sum_3, node distance=2.0cm] (controller_3) {SGSN};
% Text above of GGSN (MP3)
\node [above of=controller_3, node distance=1.2cm] (MP:3) {$MP_3$};
\draw [->] (sum_3) -- node [name=u4] {} (controller_3);
\node [sum, right of=controller_3, pin={[pinstyle]above:$t_{out}/t_{in}$}, node distance=2.0cm] (sum_4) {MP};
\draw [->] (controller_3) -- node [name=u5] {} (sum_4);
\node [block, right of=sum_4, node distance=2.0cm] (controller_4) {GGSN};
% Text above of GGSN (MP4)
\node [above of=controller_4, node distance=1.2cm] (MP:4) {$MP_4$};
\draw [->] (sum_4) -- node [name=u6] {} (controller_4);
\node [sum, right of=controller_4, pin={[pinstyle]above:$t_{out}$}, node distance=2.0cm] (sum_5) {MP};
\draw [->] (controller_4) -- node [name=u8] {} (sum_5);
\node [output, right of=sum_5] (output) {};
\draw [->] (sum_5) -- node [name=end] {PDN}(output);
\node [block, above of=sum_3, node distance=2.5cm] (pipeline) {Pipeline};
\draw [->] (begging) |- (pipeline);
\draw [->] (pipeline) -| (end);
\end{tikzpicture} } % End of makebox
\caption{Test}
\label{fig:blockdiagram}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\end{document}

程序框图输出

答案1

改良版：

  1. 我将旧的语法改为\tikzsetstyle更合适的\tikzset语法。

  2. 我建议您不要:在节点名称中使用它，因为该:运算符应用于节点名称时具有特殊含义。

  3. 我加载了该positioning库并将弃用的of=语法更改为该=of语法（请注意生成的代码中的经济性）。

  4. 我使用了节点样式而不是大头针mytext；这样可以获得更好的结果。

  5. 改进空间：也许在这里使用链会简化代码。这留作练习。

代码：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes,arrows,positioning}

\begin{document}

\tikzset{
block/.style={
  draw, 
  rectangle, 
  minimum height=2em, 
  minimum width=5em
  },
sum/.style={
  draw, 
  circle, 
  minimum size=6mm
  },
input/.style={coordinate}, 
output/.style={coordinate},
mytext/.style={
  draw,
  text depth=4pt,
  text height=10pt
  }
}
\begin{figure}[!ht]
\begin{center}
\makebox[\textwidth][c]{%
\begin{tikzpicture}[auto,node distance=1cm and 0.8cm,>=latex']
\node[
  input,
  name=input] {};
\node[
  sum, 
  right = of input
  ] 
  (sum) {MP};
\node[
  mytext,
  above=of sum.center,
  name=tin1
  ] 
  {$t_{in}$};  
\draw[->] 
  (input) -- node [name=begging] {UE} (sum);
\node[
  block, 
  right = of sum
  ] 
  (controller) {Node B};
% Text above of GGSN (MP1)
\node[
  mytext,
  above = of controller.center
  ] 
  (MP1) {$MP_1$};
%\draw [->, right = of MP:1, node distance=1.5cm] {};
\draw[->] 
  (sum) -- node {} (controller);
\node[
  sum,
  right = of controller
  ] 
  (sum_2) {MP};
\node[
  mytext,
  above=of sum_2.center,
  name=toti1
  ] 
  {$t_{out}/t_{in}$};  
\draw[->] 
  (controller) -- node [name=u] {} (sum_2);
\node[
  block, 
  right = of sum_2
  ] 
  (controller_2) {RNC};
% Text above of GGSN (MP2)
\node[
  mytext,
  above = of controller_2.center
  ] 
  (MP2) {$MP_2$};
\draw[->] 
  (sum_2) -- node [name=u2] {} (controller_2);
\node[
  sum, 
  right = of controller_2, 
  ] 
  (sum_3) {MP};
\node[
  mytext,
  above=of sum_3.center,
  name=toti2
  ] 
  {$t_{out}/t_{in}$};
\draw[->] 
  (controller_2) -- node [name=u3] {} (sum_3);
\node[
  block,
  right = of sum_3
  ] 
  (controller_3) {SGSN};
% Text above of GGSN (MP3)
\node[
  mytext,
  above = of controller_3.center
  ] 
  (MP3) {$MP_3$};
\draw[->] 
  (sum_3) -- node [name=u4] {} (controller_3);
\node[
  sum, 
  right = of controller_3, 
  ] 
  (sum_4) {MP};
\node[
  mytext,
  above=of sum_4.center,
  name=  toti3
  ] {$t_{out}/t_{in}$};
\draw[->] 
  (controller_3) -- node [name=u5] {} (sum_4);
\node[
  block, 
  right = of sum_4
  ] 
  (controller_4) {GGSN};
% Text above of GGSN (MP4)
\node[
  mytext,
  above = of controller_4.center
  ] 
  (MP4) {$MP_4$};
\draw[->] 
  (sum_4) -- node [name=u6] {} (controller_4);
\node[
  sum, 
  right = of controller_4
  ] 
  (sum_5) {MP};
\node[
  mytext,
  above=of sum_5.center,
  name=tout1
  ]
  {$t_{out}$}; 
\draw[->] 
  (controller_4) -- node [name=u8] {} (sum_5);
\node[
  output, 
  right = of sum_5
  ] 
  (output) {};
\draw[->] 
  (sum_5) -- node [name=end] {PDN}(output);
\node[
  block,
  above = 2cm of sum_3
  ] 
  (pipeline) {Pipeline};
\draw[->] 
  (begging) |- (pipeline);
\draw[->] 
  (pipeline) -| (end);
  
\draw[->]
  (tin1) -- (sum);
\draw[->]
  (toti1) -- (sum_2);
\draw[->]
  (toti2) -- (sum_3);
\draw[->]
  (toti3) -- (sum_4);
\draw[->]
  (tout1) -- (sum_5);

\draw[<->] 
  (tin1) -- (MP1);
\draw[<->] 
  (MP1.east) -- (toti1.west|-MP1.east);
\draw[<->] 
  (toti1.east) -- (MP2.west|-toti1.east);
\draw[<->] 
  (MP2.east) -- (toti2.west|-MP2.east);
\draw[<->] 
  (toti2.east) -- (MP3.west|-toti2.east);
\draw[<->] 
  (MP3.east) -- (toti3.west|-MP3.east);
\draw[<->] 
  (toti3.east) -- (MP4.west|-toti3.east);
\draw[<->] 
  (MP4.east) -- (tout1.west|-MP4.east);
\end{tikzpicture}} % End of makebox
\caption{Test}
\label{fig:blockdiagram}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

从样式中删除该draw选项mytext。

初始版本：

Apin只是一个特殊节点，因此您可以name=<string>给它们起一个名字以便于连接它们：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes,arrows}

\begin{document}

\tikzset{
block/.style={
  draw, 
  rectangle, 
  minimum height=2em, 
  minimum width=5em
  },
sum/.style={
  draw, 
  circle, 
  node distance=2.0cm, 
  minimum size=6mm
  },
input/.style={coordinate}, 
output/.style={coordinate},
pinstyle/.style={
  pin edge={to-,thin,black}
  }
}
\begin{figure}[!ht]
\begin{center}
\makebox[\textwidth][c]{
\begin{tikzpicture}[auto, node distance=1.5cm,>=latex']
\node [input, name=input] {};
\node [sum, right of=input, pin={[pinstyle,name={tin1}]above:$t_{in}$}, node distance=1.5cm] (sum) {MP};
\draw [draw,->] (input) -- node [name=begging] {UE} (sum);
\node [block, right of=sum, node distance=2.0cm] (controller) {Node B};
% Text above of GGSN (MP1)
\node [above of=controller, node distance=1.2cm] (MP1) {$MP_1$};
\draw [<-] (20mm,10mm) -- (0mm,10mm);
%\draw [->, right of=MP:1, node distance=1.5cm] {};
\draw [->] (sum) -- node {} (controller);
\node [sum, right of=controller, pin={[pinstyle,name=toti1]above:$t_{out}/t_{in}$}, node distance=2.0cm] (sum_2) {MP};
\draw [->] (controller) -- node [name=u] {} (sum_2);
\node [block, right of=sum_2, node distance=2.0cm] (controller_2) {RNC};
% Text above of GGSN (MP2)
\node [above of=controller_2, node distance=1.2cm] (MP2) {$MP_2$};
\draw [->] (sum_2) -- node [name=u2] {} (controller_2);
\node [sum, right of=controller_2, pin={[pinstyle,name=toti2]above:$t_{out}/t_{in}$}, node distance=2.0cm] (sum_3) {MP};
\draw [->] (controller_2) -- node [name=u3] {} (sum_3);
\node [block, right of=sum_3, node distance=2.0cm] (controller_3) {SGSN};
% Text above of GGSN (MP3)
\node [above of=controller_3, node distance=1.2cm] (MP3) {$MP_3$};
\draw [->] (sum_3) -- node [name=u4] {} (controller_3);
\node [sum, right of=controller_3, pin={[pinstyle,name=toti3]above:$t_{out}/t_{in}$}, node distance=2.0cm] (sum_4) {MP};
\draw [->] (controller_3) -- node [name=u5] {} (sum_4);
\node [block, right of=sum_4, node distance=2.0cm] (controller_4) {GGSN};
% Text above of GGSN (MP4)
\node [above of=controller_4, node distance=1.2cm] (MP4) {$MP_4$};
\draw [->] (sum_4) -- node [name=u6] {} (controller_4);
\node [sum, right of=controller_4, pin={[pinstyle,name=tout1]above:$t_{out}$}, node distance=2.0cm] (sum_5) {MP};
\draw [->] (controller_4) -- node [name=u8] {} (sum_5);
\node [output, right of=sum_5] (output) {};
\draw [->] (sum_5) -- node [name=end] {PDN}(output);
\node [block, above of=sum_3, node distance=2.5cm] (pipeline) {Pipeline};
\draw [->] (begging) |- (pipeline);
\draw [->] (pipeline) -| (end);

\draw[<->] (tin1.east) -- (MP1.west|-tin1.east);
\draw[<->] (MP1.east) -- (toti1.west|-MP1.east);
\draw[<->] (toti1.east) -- (MP2.west|-toti1.east);
\draw[<->] (MP2.east) -- (toti2.west|-MP2.east);
\draw[<->] (toti2.east) -- (MP3.west|-toti2.east);
\draw[<->] (MP3.east) -- (toti3.west|-MP3.east);
\draw[<->] (toti3.east) -- (MP4.west|-toti3.east);
\draw[<->] (MP4.east) -- (tout1.west|-MP4.east);
\end{tikzpicture} } % End of makebox
\caption{Test}
\label{fig:blockdiagram}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

我将旧语法改成了\tikzsetstyle更合适的\tikzset语法。另外，我建议您不要:在节点名称中使用，因为该:运算符在应用于节点名称时具有特殊含义。

我还建议您加载定位库并将弃用的of=语法更改为该=of语法。

答案2

Gonzalo 已经给出了一个很好的答案，但是对于这样的常规的方案matrix节点是一个不错的选择。您不需要手动定位每个节点，并且使用matrix of nodes选项（您需要加载matrix库）可以节省大量输入。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{adjustbox}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes,matrix,arrows}

\begin{document}

\tikzset{
block/.style={
  draw, 
  rectangle, 
  minimum height=2em, 
  minimum width=5em
  },
sum/.style={
  draw, 
  circle, 
  minimum size=6mm
  },
input/.style={coordinate}, 
output/.style={coordinate},
mytext/.style={
  text depth=4pt,
  text height=10pt
  }
}

\begin{figure}[!ht]
\centering
\adjustbox{width=\linewidth}{
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=latex']

\matrix (D) [matrix of nodes, 
                column sep=1cm, 
                row sep=0.8cm,
                row 1/.style={nodes={block,anchor=center}},
                row 3/.style={nodes={block,anchor=center}},
                row 2/.append style={nodes={mytext,anchor=center}},
                ]
{
& & & & & Pipeline \\
& $t_in$ & $MP_1$ & $t_{out}/t_{in}$ & $MP_2$ & $t_{out}/t_{in}$ & $MP_3$ & $t_{out}/t_{in}$ & $MP_4$ & $t_{out}$ & \\
|[input]| &|[sum]| MP & Node B &|[sum]| MP & RNC &|[sum]| MP & SGSN &|[sum]| MP & GGSN &|[sum]| MP & |[input]|\\
};

\foreach \i [remember=\i as \lasti (initially 1)] in {2,...,11}
\draw[->] (D-3-\lasti)--(D-3-\i);

\foreach \i [remember=\i as \lasti (initially 2)] in {3,...,10}
\draw[<->] (D-2-\lasti)--(D-2-\i);

\foreach \i in {2,4,6,8,10}
\draw[->] (D-2-\i)--(D-3-\i);

\path (D-3-1)--(D-3-2) node [above,midway] (UE) {UE};
\path (D-3-10)--(D-3-11) node [above,midway] (PDN) {PDN};
\draw[->] (UE) |- (D-1-6);
\draw[<-] (PDN) |- (D-1-6);

\end{tikzpicture}}
\caption{Test}
\label{fig:blockdiagram}
\end{figure}

\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

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