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代码

tag-icon • tag-icon tables tabularx columns kile
代码

我正在使用 Kile，并尝试学习如何使用tabularx适合页面宽度的表格。

但是，我有两个大问题：

  • 我必须使用 X 作为列大小，因此无法设置列的大小（例如，如果我有 4 列，我希望 A 列占 10%，而 B、C 和 D 列的其余部分则均匀分布）。
  • 现在我的表格终于适合页面的宽度了，但它却不尊重页面的高度……

现在，为了解决这个问题，我阅读了文档并使用了以下 MWE：

\documentclass[a4paper,10pt]{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{tabularx}

\begin{document}
\begin{table}
{%
\newcommand{\mc}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{#2}{#3}}
\begin{center}
\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{>{\hsize=.25\hsize}X>{\hsize=1.25\hsize}X>{\hsize=1.25\hsize}X>{\hsize=1.25\hsize}X}\cline{2-4}
\textbf{} & \textbf{Hibernate OGM} & \textbf{EclipseLink NoSQL} & \textbf{DataNucleus}\\\hline
\mc{1}{|l|}{\textbf{Goal}} & Complement JPA with NoSQL, key-value stores & Integrates in the father project main goal of providing a complete persistence solution & Being a standards compliant and efficient JPA and JDO platform\\\hline
\mc{1}{|l|}{\textbf{NoSQL and Datastores supported}} & Infinispan, EHCache, MongoDB & MongoDB, Oracle NoSQL, Oracle AQ, JMS, XML files & Google Big Table, MongoDB, Cassandra, Excel, OOXML, ODF, XML, HBase, AppEngine/DataStore, Neo4j, JSON, Amazon S3, GoogleStorage, LDAP, NeoDatis, db4o\\\hline
\mc{1}{|l|}{\textbf{Operations supported}} & Object Oriented queries (JP-QL), CRUD of entities, Polymorphic entities, Embeddable objects, Basic types (partial), Unidirectional and Bidirectional relationships (partial), Collections, Hibernate Search queries, JPA and Hibernate ORM API & Object Oriented Queries, Polymorphic entities, Basic types, Unidirectional relationships, Collections, JPA (partial), Complex hierarchical, Indexed hierarchical data, Mapped hierarchical data, CRUD operations, Embedded objects and collections, Inheritance, Subset of JP-QL and Criteria API, Denormalization & CRUD operations, Embedded objects and collections, Inheritance, Relationships (Unidirectional and Bidirectional), Queries for JP-QL, JDOQL and SQL (partial),  Basic types, Joins.\\\hline
\mc{1}{|l|}{\textbf{No support for}} & Denormalization, Complex joins and aggregations & Joins & Aggregations? (not specified in documentation)\\\hline
\mc{1}{|l|}{\textbf{Future}} & High performance sequence generator, parallel key fetching, support for Map/Reduce, more NoSQL classes, better mixing of NoSQL and RDBMS & ? & JPA2.1 full feature list, Official support for Cassandra, Considering a plugin for REDIS\\\hline
\mc{1}{|l|}{\textbf{Commercial support}} & Red Hat & Oracle (via TopLink) & Supported by DataNucleus team\\\hline
\mc{1}{|l|}{\textbf{Documentation}} & Scattered, inactive forums, official documentation lacking & Bureaucratic forums, information is complete and gathered mainly in the official website & Active forums, acceptable official documentation, but the big advantage comes from user support in form of blogs and posts scattered around the Internet\\\hline
\end{tabularx}
\end{center}
}%
\end{table}


\end{document}

但是，尽管前言看起来是正确的（对于有 4 列的情况，其中 B、C 和 D 列应该比 A 列大 6 倍），但什么也没有发生。

我到底想要什么？ 假设表格的总宽度为 100%。我希望 A 列占该宽度的 10%，B、C 和 D 列各占 30%。

我还想让这个表适合一页，而不扩展到额外的页面。所以不行，我不能使用 longtable...

MWE 当前生成如下内容：

在此处输入图片描述

我读过的文档可以在这里找到：

我怎样才能解决我的问题？

答案1

以下是其中一种方法：

  • 用于p{<width>}常规的所有列tabular。
  • 为此，创建一个新的长度\tabularlength并将其设置为表格的总宽度。我.975\linewidth在这里使用了。
  • 然后根据\tabularlength例如定义每一列p{.1\tabularlength}。
  • 为了使第一列正常运行，请放弃multicolumn以便可以断开线条。
  • 这意味着我们需要连字符，因此加载babel。
  • 这还不够，因为这不允许对列中的第一个单词进行连字符连接。因此，请使用 手动对这些单词进行连字符连接\-。
  • 用于geometry获得正确的页面布局。
  • 用于>{\bfseries}第一列以避免必须在每一行上指定粗体。
  • 我们仍然需要\multicolumn第一行的一个，这样我们就不会得到虚假的垂直规则。
  • 使用\centering而不是环境，center因为后者增加了我们不想要的额外间距。

这实际上还留有（一点）余地。如果表格更大，您可以考虑\small在table环境中使用 将字体大小设置得小一点。或者您可以使用 调整边距等geometry。可以对整个文档执行此操作，或者如果需要，也可以对单个页面执行此操作。

代码

\documentclass[a4paper,10pt,british]{article}
\usepackage{babel,geometry}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{tabularx}

\begin{document}

\begin{table}
  \newlength{\tabularlength}
  \setlength{\tabularlength}{.975\linewidth}
  \centering
  \begin{tabular}{|>{\bfseries}p{.1\tabularlength}|*{3}{p{.3\tabularlength}}}
  \cline{2-4}
  \multicolumn{1}{l}{} & \textbf{Hibernate OGM} & \textbf{EclipseLink NoSQL} & \textbf{DataNucleus}\\\hline
  Goal & Complement JPA with NoSQL, key-value stores & Integrates in the father project main goal of providing a complete persistence solution & Being a standards compliant and efficient JPA and JDO platform\\\hline
  NoSQL and Datastores supported & Infinispan, EHCache, MongoDB & MongoDB, Oracle NoSQL, Oracle AQ, JMS, XML files & Google Big Table, MongoDB, Cassandra, Excel, OOXML, ODF, XML, HBase, AppEngine/DataStore, Neo4j, JSON, Amazon S3, GoogleStorage, LDAP, NeoDatis, db4o\\\hline
  Oper\-ations supported & Object Oriented queries (JP-QL), CRUD of entities, Polymorphic entities, Embeddable objects, Basic types (partial), Unidirectional and Bidirectional relationships (partial), Collections, Hibernate Search queries, JPA and Hibernate ORM API & Object Oriented Queries, Polymorphic entities, Basic types, Unidirectional relationships, Collections, JPA (partial), Complex hierarchical, Indexed hierarchical data, Mapped hierarchical data, CRUD operations, Embedded objects and collections, Inheritance, Subset of JP-QL and Criteria API, Denormalization & CRUD operations, Embedded objects and collections, Inheritance, Relationships (Unidirectional and Bidirectional), Queries for JP-QL, JDOQL and SQL (partial),  Basic types, Joins.\\\hline
  No support for & Denormalization, Complex joins and aggregations & Joins & Aggregations? (not specified in documentation)\\\hline
  Future & High performance sequence generator, parallel key fetching, support for Map/Reduce, more NoSQL classes, better mixing of NoSQL and RDBMS & ? & JPA2.1 full feature list, Official support for Cassandra, Considering a plugin for REDIS\\\hline
  Com\-mer\-cial support & Red Hat & Oracle (via TopLink) & Supported by DataNucleus team\\\hline
  Docu\-ment\-ation & Scattered, inactive forums, official documentation lacking & Bureaucratic forums, information is complete and gathered mainly in the official website & Active forums, acceptable official documentation, but the big advantage comes from user support in form of blogs and posts scattered around the Internet\\\hline
  \end{tabular}
\end{table}

\end{document}

输出

适合页面的表格

另一种布局

我认为您可能还想考虑将表格横向显示，因为这可能会让人们更容易理解。例如：

横向表格

在这种情况下，我对第一列使用了额外的格式指令\raggedright，以使其看起来合理。

景观表格代码

\documentclass[a4paper,10pt,british]{article}
\usepackage{babel,geometry}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{array}
\usepackage{pdflscape}

\begin{document}

\begin{landscape}

\begin{table}
  \newlength{\tabularlength}
  \setlength{\tabularlength}{.975\linewidth}
  \centering
  \begin{tabular}{|>{\bfseries\raggedright}p{.1\tabularlength}|*{3}{p{.3\tabularlength}}}
    \cline{2-4}
    \multicolumn{1}{l}{} & \textbf{Hibernate OGM} & \textbf{EclipseLink NoSQL} & \textbf{DataNucleus}\\\hline
    Goal & Complement JPA with NoSQL, key-value stores & Integrates in the father project main goal of providing a complete persistence solution & Being a standards compliant and efficient JPA and JDO platform\\\hline
    NoSQL and Datastores supported & Infinispan, EHCache, MongoDB & MongoDB, Oracle NoSQL, Oracle AQ, JMS, XML files & Google Big Table, MongoDB, Cassandra, Excel, OOXML, ODF, XML, HBase, AppEngine/DataStore, Neo4j, JSON, Amazon S3, GoogleStorage, LDAP, NeoDatis, db4o\\\hline
    Oper\-ations supported & Object Oriented queries (JP-QL), CRUD of entities, Polymorphic entities, Embeddable objects, Basic types (partial), Unidirectional and Bidirectional relationships (partial), Collections, Hibernate Search queries, JPA and Hibernate ORM API & Object Oriented Queries, Polymorphic entities, Basic types, Unidirectional relationships, Collections, JPA (partial), Complex hierarchical, Indexed hierarchical data, Mapped hierarchical data, CRUD operations, Embedded objects and collections, Inheritance, Subset of JP-QL and Criteria API, Denormalization & CRUD operations, Embedded objects and collections, Inheritance, Relationships (Unidirectional and Bidirectional), Queries for JP-QL, JDOQL and SQL (partial),  Basic types, Joins.\\\hline
    No support for & Denormalization, Complex joins and aggregations & Joins & Aggregations? (not specified in documentation)\\\hline
    Future & High performance sequence generator, parallel key fetching, support for Map/Reduce, more NoSQL classes, better mixing of NoSQL and RDBMS & ? & JPA2.1 full feature list, Official support for Cassandra, Considering a plugin for REDIS\\\hline
    Com\-mer\-cial support & Red Hat & Oracle (via TopLink) & Supported by DataNucleus team\\\hline
    Docu\-ment\-ation & Scattered, inactive forums, official documentation lacking & Bureaucratic forums, information is complete and gathered mainly in the official website & Active forums, acceptable official documentation, but the big advantage comes from user support in form of blogs and posts scattered around the Internet\\\hline
  \end{tabular}
\end{table}

\end{landscape}

\end{document}

居中列和垂直规则

正如 Flame_Phoenix 在评论中指出的那样，m{<width>}给出一个指定宽度的列，该列垂直居中。此说明符需要包array。

在“Hibernate OGM”之前添加垂直规则只需调整\multicolumn表格第一个条目即可。可以通过添加表格配置来水平和垂直居中所有单元格。但是，这有点繁琐，而且很难进行一致调整。更好的解决方案是使用定义新列类型>{\centering}的功能。array

\newcolumntype{M}{>{\centering}m{.3\tabularlength}}

因为我的示例显示了纵向和横向的布局，所以我还需要将附加部分\tabularlength从tabular环境中拉出来，这样我就不会尝试定义已经定义的长度。

\newlength{\tabularlength}

列m类型将其\\视为列内的新行，而不是行的末尾。因此我需要将其替换\\\hline为\tabularnewline\hline。

最后，为了整洁，我在最右边添加了一条垂直线。

代码

\documentclass[a4paper,10pt,british]{article}
\usepackage{babel,geometry}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{array}
\usepackage{pdflscape}
\newlength{\tabularlength}
\newcolumntype{M}{>{\centering}m{.3\tabularlength}}

\begin{document}

\begin{table}
  \setlength{\tabularlength}{.975\linewidth}
  \centering
  \begin{tabular}{|>{\centering\bfseries}m{.1\tabularlength}|*{3}{M}|}
  \cline{2-4}
  \multicolumn{1}{l|}{} & \textbf{Hibernate OGM} & \textbf{EclipseLink NoSQL} & \textbf{DataNucleus}\tabularnewline\hline
  Goal & Complement JPA with NoSQL, key-value stores & Integrates in the father project main goal of providing a complete persistence solution & Being a standards compliant and efficient JPA and JDO platform\tabularnewline\hline
  NoSQL and Datastores supported & Infinispan, EHCache, MongoDB & MongoDB, Oracle NoSQL, Oracle AQ, JMS, XML files & Google Big Table, MongoDB, Cassandra, Excel, OOXML, ODF, XML, HBase, AppEngine/DataStore, Neo4j, JSON, Amazon S3, GoogleStorage, LDAP, NeoDatis, db4o\tabularnewline\hline
  Oper\-ations supported & Object Oriented queries (JP-QL), CRUD of entities, Polymorphic entities, Embeddable objects, Basic types (partial), Unidirectional and Bidirectional relationships (partial), Collections, Hibernate Search queries, JPA and Hibernate ORM API & Object Oriented Queries, Polymorphic entities, Basic types, Unidirectional relationships, Collections, JPA (partial), Complex hierarchical, Indexed hierarchical data, Mapped hierarchical data, CRUD operations, Embedded objects and collections, Inheritance, Subset of JP-QL and Criteria API, Denormalization & CRUD operations, Embedded objects and collections, Inheritance, Relationships (Unidirectional and Bidirectional), Queries for JP-QL, JDOQL and SQL (partial),  Basic types, Joins.\tabularnewline\hline
  No support for & Denormalization, Complex joins and aggregations & Joins & Aggregations? (not specified in documentation)\tabularnewline\hline
  Future & High performance sequence generator, parallel key fetching, support for Map/Reduce, more NoSQL classes, better mixing of NoSQL and RDBMS & ? & JPA2.1 full feature list, Official support for Cassandra, Considering a plugin for REDIS\tabularnewline\hline
  Com\-mer\-cial support & Red Hat & Oracle (via TopLink) & Supported by DataNucleus team\tabularnewline\hline
  Docu\-ment\-ation & Scattered, inactive forums, official documentation lacking & Bureaucratic forums, information is complete and gathered mainly in the official website & Active forums, acceptable official documentation, but the big advantage comes from user support in form of blogs and posts scattered around the Internet\tabularnewline\hline
  \end{tabular}
\end{table}

\begin{landscape}

\begin{table}
  \setlength{\tabularlength}{.975\linewidth}
  \centering
  \begin{tabular}{|>{\bfseries\centering}m{.1\tabularlength}|*{3}{M}|}
    \cline{2-4}
    \multicolumn{1}{l|}{} & \textbf{Hibernate OGM} & \textbf{EclipseLink NoSQL} & \textbf{DataNucleus}\tabularnewline\hline
    Goal & Complement JPA with NoSQL, key-value stores & Integrates in the father project main goal of providing a complete persistence solution & Being a standards compliant and efficient JPA and JDO platform\tabularnewline\hline
    NoSQL and Datastores supported & Infinispan, EHCache, MongoDB & MongoDB, Oracle NoSQL, Oracle AQ, JMS, XML files & Google Big Table, MongoDB, Cassandra, Excel, OOXML, ODF, XML, HBase, AppEngine/DataStore, Neo4j, JSON, Amazon S3, GoogleStorage, LDAP, NeoDatis, db4o\tabularnewline\hline
    Operations supported & Object Oriented queries (JP-QL), CRUD of entities, Polymorphic entities, Embeddable objects, Basic types (partial), Unidirectional and Bidirectional relationships (partial), Collections, Hibernate Search queries, JPA and Hibernate ORM API & Object Oriented Queries, Polymorphic entities, Basic types, Unidirectional relationships, Collections, JPA (partial), Complex hierarchical, Indexed hierarchical data, Mapped hierarchical data, CRUD operations, Embedded objects and collections, Inheritance, Subset of JP-QL and Criteria API, Denormalization & CRUD operations, Embedded objects and collections, Inheritance, Relationships (Unidirectional and Bidirectional), Queries for JP-QL, JDOQL and SQL (partial),  Basic types, Joins.\tabularnewline\hline
    No support for & Denormalization, Complex joins and aggregations & Joins & Aggregations? (not specified in documentation)\tabularnewline\hline
    Future & High performance sequence generator, parallel key fetching, support for Map/Reduce, more NoSQL classes, better mixing of NoSQL and RDBMS & ? & JPA2.1 full feature list, Official support for Cassandra, Considering a plugin for REDIS\tabularnewline\hline
    Commercial support & Red Hat & Oracle (via TopLink) & Supported by DataNucleus team\tabularnewline\hline
    Document\-ation & Scattered, inactive forums, official documentation lacking & Bureaucratic forums, information is complete and gathered mainly in the official website & Active forums, acceptable official documentation, but the big advantage comes from user support in form of blogs and posts scattered around the Internet\tabularnewline\hline
  \end{tabular}
\end{table}

\end{landscape}

\end{document}

输出

全部居中表格

答案2

在此处输入图片描述

您的主要错误是多列用自然宽度列替换了指定宽度的列l。

\documentclass[a4paper,10pt]{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{array}

\begin{document}
\begin{table}
\centering\small
\newcommand{\mc}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{#2}{#3}}
\setlength{\dimen0}{\dimexpr\textwidth-6\tabcolsep\relax}
\begin{tabular}{@{}>{\hspace*{0pt}\bfseries}p{.1\dimen0}*3{p{.3\dimen0}}}
 & \textbf{Hibernate OGM} & \textbf{EclipseLink NoSQL} & \textbf{DataNucleus}\\\hline
Goal & Complement JPA with NoSQL, key-value stores & Integrates in the father project main goal of providing a complete persistence solution & Being a standards compliant and efficient JPA and JDO platform\\\hline
NoSQL and Datastores supported & Infinispan, EHCache, MongoDB & MongoDB, Oracle NoSQL, Oracle AQ, JMS, XML files & Google Big Table, MongoDB, Cassandra, Excel, OOXML, ODF, XML, HBase, AppEngine/DataStore, Neo4j, JSON, Amazon S3, GoogleStorage, LDAP, NeoDatis, db4o\\\hline
Operations supported & Object Oriented queries (JP-QL), CRUD of entities, Polymorphic entities, Embeddable objects, Basic types (partial), Unidirectional and Bidirectional relationships (partial), Collections, Hibernate Search queries, JPA and Hibernate ORM API & Object Oriented Queries, Polymorphic entities, Basic types, Unidirectional relationships, Collections, JPA (partial), Complex hierarchical, Indexed hierarchical data, Mapped hierarchical data, CRUD operations, Embedded objects and collections, Inheritance, Subset of JP-QL and Criteria API, Denormalization & CRUD operations, Embedded objects and collections, Inheritance, Relationships (Unidirectional and Bidirectional), Queries for JP-QL, JDOQL and SQL (partial),  Basic types, Joins.\\\hline
No support for & Denormalization, Complex joins and aggregations & Joins & Aggregations? (not specified in documentation)\\\hline
Future & High performance sequence generator, parallel key fetching, support for Map/Reduce, more NoSQL classes, better mixing of NoSQL and RDBMS & ? & JPA2.1 full feature list, Official support for Cassandra, Considering a plugin for REDIS\\\hline
Commercial support & Red Hat & Oracle (via TopLink) & Supported by DataNucleus team\\\hline
Documentation & Scattered, inactive forums, official documentation lacking & Bureaucratic forums, information is complete and gathered mainly in the official website & Active forums, acceptable official documentation, but the big advantage comes from user support in form of blogs and posts scattered around the Internet\\\hline
\end{tabular}

\end{table}


\end{document}

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