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Tikz 用于生成 pdf 并在 latex 中使用，编译问题

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Tikz 用于生成 pdf 并在 latex 中使用，编译问题

我尝试使用在线建议将 tikz 实现到 texmaker 和 Miktex 组合中。Miktex 已更新，texmaker 正常运行。流程示例中的 tikz 版本运行正常，但会产生大量空白。我有两个问题，首先，我的简单代码没有生成任何 pdf，编译不断进行，除非我手动结束，否则不会结束

我已经将 latex 和 pdf latex 的 texmaker 设置更改为

latex -interaction=nonstopmode --shell-escape %.tex 
pdflatex -synctex=1 -interaction=nonstopmode --shell-escape %.tex

我想将 tikz 图片单独制作成 pdf 并保存它们，然后将它们包含在主 tex 文件中。我对 latex 有一些经验，但对 tikz 则不太熟悉，所以想知道是否有人能帮助我更好地了解我的问题。

下面是代码

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}

%\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes.geometric, arrows}

\usetikzlibrary{external}
\tikzexternalize[prefix=tikz/]
% \pgfplotsset{compat=1.8} 
% \pgfrealjobname{trial}

\tikzsetnextfilename{raju1}


    % code for defining the flow diagram controls
\tikzstyle{startstop} = [rectangle, rounded corners, minimum width=3cm, minimum height=1cm,text centered, draw=black, fill=red!30]
\tikzstyle{io} = [trapezium, trapezium left angle=70, trapezium right angle=110, minimum width=3cm, minimum height=1cm, text centered, draw=black, fill=blue!30]
\tikzstyle{process} = [rectangle, minimum width=3cm, minimum height=1cm, text centered, text width=3cm, draw=black, fill=orange!30]
\tikzstyle{decision} = [diamond, minimum width=3cm, minimum height=1cm, text centered, draw=black, fill=green!30]
\tikzstyle{arrow} = [thick,->,>=stealth]




\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}%[node distance =2cm]

% Process informatioan and flow
%\node (start) [startstop] {Atmosphere}
\node (in1) [io] {Atmosphere}
\node (pro1) [process, below of =in1] {Sensor/Transducer}
\node (pro2) [process, below of =pro1] {Signal Conditioning circuits}
\node (pro3) [process, below of =pro2] {Low Pass Filter}
\node (dec1) [decision, below of =pro3,yshift=0.5cm] {Sample and Hold - Clock timing}
\node (pro4) [process, below of =dec1] {Analog to Digital converter}
\node (pro5) [process, below of =pro4] {Processor}
\node (out1) [io, below of= pro5] {Observation}


% Drawing of arrows
\draw [arrow] (inl) -- (pro1)
\draw [arrow] (pro1) -- (pro2)
\draw [arrow] (pro2) -- (pro3)
\draw [arrow] (pro3) -- (dec1)
\draw [arrow] (dec1) -- (pro4)
\draw [arrow] (pro4) -- (pro5)
\draw [arrow] (pro5) -- (out1)



\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

谢谢 Ashim

答案1

调试 externalized 的第一步tikzpicture是确保它们在没有 externalization 的情况下也能正常工作。当我注释掉所有与 externalization 相关的代码时，您的示例显示了几个错误：

  • \draw每个、\node、等的结尾都\path需要一个分号，并且
  • 第一\draw行有拼写错误，节点名称in1不是inl。

另外，我更新了您的代码

  • 使用\tikzset，现在比旧的更受欢迎\tikzstyle，
  • 使用positioning库和相关=of语法实现更好的定位，并且
  • 使用0.75cm node distance以便整个图表适合一页。

后纠正这些错误并进行改进后，我重新将外部化引入其中。我注意到的一件事是，即使使用--enable-write18/ --shell-escape，LaTeX 运行也不会tikz/自行创建前缀目录。也就是说，如果目录不存在，我会收到错误

! I can't write on file `tikz/raju1.md5'.

创建tikz/前缀目录后，外部化图形的编译就可以顺利进行。

修正后的代码

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}

%\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes.geometric, arrows,positioning}

\usetikzlibrary{external}
\tikzexternalize[prefix=tikz/]
% \pgfplotsset{compat=1.8} 
% \pgfrealjobname{trial}

\tikzsetnextfilename{raju1}

% code for defining the flow diagram controls
\tikzset{
  startstop/.style = {rectangle, rounded corners, minimum width=3cm, minimum height=1cm,text centered, draw=black, fill=red!30},
  io/.style = {trapezium, trapezium left angle=70, trapezium right angle=110, minimum width=3cm, minimum height=1cm, text centered, draw=black, fill=blue!30},
  process/.style = {rectangle, minimum width=3cm, minimum height=1cm, text centered, text width=3cm, draw=black, fill=orange!30},
  decision/.style = {diamond, minimum width=3cm, minimum height=1cm, text centered, draw=black, fill=green!30},
  arrow/.style = {thick,->,>=stealth},
}

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance =0.75cm]

% Process informatioan and flow
%\node (start) [startstop] {Atmosphere}
\node (in1) [io] {Atmosphere};
\node (pro1) [process, below=of in1] {Sensor/Transducer};
\node (pro2) [process, below=of pro1] {Signal Conditioning circuits};
\node (pro3) [process, below=of pro2] {Low Pass Filter};
\node (dec1) [decision, below=of pro3,yshift=0.5cm] {Sample and Hold - Clock timing};
\node (pro4) [process, below=of dec1] {Analog to Digital converter};
\node (pro5) [process, below=of pro4] {Processor};
\node (out1) [io, below=of pro5] {Observation};

% Drawing of arrows
\draw [arrow] (in1) -- (pro1); % typo...
\draw [arrow] (pro1) -- (pro2);
\draw [arrow] (pro2) -- (pro3);
\draw [arrow] (pro3) -- (dec1);
\draw [arrow] (dec1) -- (pro4);
\draw [arrow] (pro4) -- (pro5);
\draw [arrow] (pro5) -- (out1);

\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

输出

在此处输入图片描述

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