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更改 \lstset 后，重置后的正常字符无法显示

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更改 \lstset 后，重置后的正常字符无法显示

我遇到了一个问题（可能是三个，我会详细描述它们），我正在尝试使用listings包在 latex 中添加代码列表。首先使用限制配置：

\usepackage{listings}
\definecolor{myblue}{RGB}{20,105,176}
\lstset{ %
    language=C,                % choose the language of the code
    basicstyle=\footnotesize,       % the size of the fonts that are used for the code
    numbers=left,                   % where to put the line-numbers
    numberstyle=\footnotesize,      % the size of the fonts that are used for the line-numbers
    stepnumber=1,                   % the step between two line-numbers. If it is 1 each line will be numbered
    numbersep=5pt,                  % how far the line-numbers are from the code
    backgroundcolor=\color{white},  % choose the background color. You must add \usepackage{color}
    identifierstyle=\bfseries\color{black},
    directivestyle=\bfseries\color{violet},
    tabsize=4,          % sets default tabsize to 2 spaces
%   captionpos=b,           % sets the caption-position to bottom
    breaklines=true,        % sets automatic line breaking
    escapeinside={\%*}{*)},      % if you want to add a comment within your code
    % Define TYPE-1 Keywords
    keywords={},
    otherkeywords={\%s, \%d},
    keywordstyle=\bfseries\color{violet},
    % Define TYPE-2 Keywords
    keywordstyle=[2]\bfseries\color{blue}\ttfamily,
    keywords=[2]{
    auto,break,case,char,const,continue,default,do,double,%
    else,enum,extern,float,for,goto,if,int,long,register,%
    void,volatile,while,return},
%    literate=
%       {\{}{{{\color{white}{\{}}}}{1}
%       {\}}{{{\color{white}{\}}}}}{1}
%       {(}{{{\color{white}{(}}}}{1}
%       {)}{{{\color{white}{)}}}}{1}
%       {>}{{{\color{white}{$>$}}}}{1}
%       {=}{{{\color{white}{$=$}}}}{1}
%       {;}{{{\color{white}{$;$}}}}{1},
    stringstyle=\color{red}\ttfamily,
    commentstyle=\color{blue}\ttfamily,
    directivestyle=\bfseries\color{violet},
    morecomment=[l][\color{magenta}]{\#}
%   escapeinside=!!
}

我在上面展示了我的代码。使用此配置，一切正常。然后我需要将背景更改为黑色，因此我只需更改：

backgroundcolor=\color{black},
identifierstyle=\bfseries\color{white},

在上面的配置中，但更改后，{、}、(、)和其他类似运算符：=无法显示，我认为它们的颜色保持为黑色。因此，我打开了配置literate：

literate=*%
    {\{}{{{\color{white}{\{}}}}{1}
    {\}}{{{\color{white}{\}}}}}{1}
    {(}{{{\color{white}{(}}}}{1}
    {)}{{{\color{white}{)}}}}{1}
    {>}{{{\color{white}{$>$}}}}{1}
    {=}{{{\color{white}{$=$}}}}{1}
    {;}{{{\color{white}{$;$}}}}{1},

修改之后，我遇到一个问题，)颜色无法改变。因此，我在这里找到了一些主题，发现有些人写literate如下：

literate=*%
    {\{}{{\color{white}{\{}}}{1}
    {\}}{{\color{white}{\}}}}{1}
    {(}{{\color{white}{(}}}{1}
    {)}{{\color{white}{)}}}{1}
    {>}{{\color{white}{$>$}}}{1}
    {=}{{\color{white}{$=$}}}{1}
    {;}{{\color{white}{$;$}}}{1},

{ }每行有一对less。我应用了这个，它确实改变了)颜色，但它导致所有其余字符都无法显示，而且行号显示也有问题：

I type some characters here and no problem to display   
\begin{lstlisting}
\end{lstlisting}
I type some characters here and it can NOT be displayed and I think colour of these characters changed to white.

我该如何修改列表配置并解决这个问题？

================更新================

我刚刚分享了一个可以重现此问题的示例代码：

\documentclass[a4paper,11pt]{book}

\usepackage{caption}
\DeclareCaptionFont{white}{\color{white}}
\DeclareCaptionFormat{listing}{\colorbox{gray}{\parbox{\textwidth}{#1#2#3}}}
\captionsetup[lstlisting]{format=listing,labelfont=white,textfont=white}

\usepackage{xcolor,colortbl}
\usepackage{listings}

\usepackage{listings}
\definecolor{myblue}{RGB}{20,105,176}
\lstset{ %
    language=C,                % choose the language of the code
    basicstyle=\footnotesize,       % the size of the fonts that are used for the code
    numbers=left,                   % where to put the line-numbers
    numberstyle=\footnotesize,      % the size of the fonts that are used for the line-numbers
    stepnumber=1,                   % the step between two line-numbers. If it is 1 each line will be numbered
    numbersep=5pt,                  % how far the line-numbers are from the code
    backgroundcolor=\color{black},  % choose the background color. You must add \usepackage{color}
    identifierstyle=\bfseries\color{white},
    directivestyle=\bfseries\color{violet},
%   showspaces=false,               % show spaces adding particular underscores
%   showstringspaces=false,         % underline spaces within strings
%   showtabs=false,                 % show tabs within strings adding particular underscores
%   frame=signal,           % adds a frame around the code
    tabsize=4,          % sets default tabsize to 2 spaces
%   captionpos=b,           % sets the caption-position to bottom
    breaklines=true,        % sets automatic line breaking
%   breakatwhitespace=false,    % sets if automatic breaks should only happen at whitespace
    escapeinside={\%*}{*)},      % if you want to add a comment within your code
    % Define TYPE-1 Keywords
    keywords={},
    otherkeywords={\%s, \%d},
    keywordstyle=\bfseries\color{violet},
    % Define TYPE-2 Keywords
    keywordstyle=[2]\bfseries\color{yellow}\ttfamily,
    keywords=[2]{
    auto,break,case,char,const,continue,default,do,double,%
    else,enum,extern,float,for,goto,if,int,long,register,%
    void,volatile,while,return},
    literate=*%
        {\{}{{\color{white}{\{}}}{1}
        {\}}{{\color{white}{\}}}}{1}
        {(}{{\color{white}{(}}}{1}
        {)}{{\color{white}{)}}}{1}
        {>}{{\color{white}{$>$}}}{1}
        {=}{{\color{white}{$=$}}}{1}
        {;}{{\color{white}{$;$}}}{1},
    stringstyle=\color{red}\ttfamily,
    commentstyle=\color{green}\ttfamily,
    directivestyle=\bfseries\color{violet},
    morecomment=[l][\color{magenta}]{\#}
%   escapeinside=!!
}

\begin{document}
I type some characters here and no problem to display   
\begin{lstlisting}[frame=single, label=118x_power_off,caption=213x platform power ON event detection]
int main(/*@ unused @*/int argc, /*@ unused @*/char *argv[]) //comment for lint
{
#if defined(test)   //howchen, for SHUTDOWN module
    /* test comment, (, ), >, <, -, =, .*/  

    /* test keyword */
    auto,break,case,char,const,continue,default,do,double,
    else,enum,extern,float,for,goto,if,int,long,register,
    void,volatile,while,return;

    item.a[1] = 0;
    item->b[1] = 1;

    foo();

    /* test string */
    printf(" >> test <<\r\n");  

    return 0;   
#endif
}
\end{lstlisting}
I type some characters here and it can NOT be displayed and I think colour of these characters changed to white.
\end{document}

请使用以上代码查看结果。 在此处输入图片描述

\end{lstlisting}您可以在无法显示后找到字符，并且行号停止在 1

答案1

这里确实不需要literate。如果您希望文本为白色，只需设置

basicstyle=\color{white}\footnotesize

另外，由于行号默认采用 样式basicstyle，因此需要设置

numberstyle=\color{black}\footnotesize

（后设置的值basicstyle）。最后，为了避免框架颜色出现问题，您应该使用

rulecolor = \color{white}

见下文。请注意，屏幕截图中穿过列表的细水平白线只是我的 PDF 查看器造成的。

在此处输入图片描述

\documentclass[a4paper,11pt]{book}

\usepackage{etoolbox}
\usepackage{caption}
\DeclareCaptionFont{white}{\color{white}}
\DeclareCaptionFormat{listing}{\colorbox{gray}{\parbox{\textwidth}{#1#2#3}}}
\captionsetup[lstlisting]{format=listing,labelfont=white,textfont=white}

\usepackage{xcolor,colortbl}
\usepackage{listings}

\usepackage{listings}
\definecolor{myblue}{RGB}{20,105,176}
\lstset{ %
    language=C,
    basicstyle=\color{white}\footnotesize,
    rulecolor = \color{white},
    numbers=left,
    numberstyle=\color{black}\footnotesize,
    stepnumber=1,
    numbersep=5pt,
    backgroundcolor=\color{black},
    identifierstyle=\bfseries\color{white},
    directivestyle=\bfseries\color{violet},
%   showspaces=false,
%   showstringspaces=false,
%   showtabs=false,
%   frame=signal,
    tabsize=4,
%   captionpos=b,
    breaklines=true,
%   breakatwhitespace=false,
    escapeinside={\%*}{*)},
    % Define TYPE-1 Keywords
    keywords={},
    otherkeywords={\%s, \%d},
    keywordstyle=\bfseries\color{violet},
    % Define TYPE-2 Keywords
    keywordstyle=[2]\bfseries\color{yellow}\ttfamily,
    keywords=[2]{
    auto,break,case,char,const,continue,default,do,double,%
    else,enum,extern,float,for,goto,if,int,long,register,%
    void,volatile,while,return},
    stringstyle=\color{red}\ttfamily,
    commentstyle=\color{green}\ttfamily,
    directivestyle=\bfseries\color{violet},
    morecomment=[l][\color{magenta}]{\#}
%   escapeinside=!!
}

\begin{document}
I type some characters here and no problem to display   
\begin{lstlisting}[frame=single, label=118x_power_off,caption=213x platform power ON event detection]
int main(/*@ unused @*/int argc, /*@ unused @*/char *argv[]) //comment for lint
{
#if defined(test)   //howchen, for SHUTDOWN module
    /* test comment, (, ), >, <, -, =, .*/  

    /* test keyword */
    auto,break,case,char,const,continue,default,do,double,
    else,enum,extern,float,for,goto,if,int,long,register,
    void,volatile,while,return;

    item.a[1] = 0;
    item->b[1] = 1;

    foo();

    /* test string */
    printf(" >> test <<\r\n");  

    return 0;   
#endif
}
\end{lstlisting}
I type some characters here and it can NOT be displayed and I think colour of these characters changed to white.
\end{document}

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