获取每条线的 \badness 或 glue 调整

Question

一方面，它TeX通常比包括我在内的大多数人都更了解情况。另一方面，我一直对它不愿真正展示线路满载是怎么回事，主要是因为我发现消息中的数字几乎Overfull \hbox (7.79364pt too wide)没有什么信息量。

ConTeXt这就是我惊讶于发现诊断和引擎集成的原因之一LuaTeX。但是！有这是一种传统的TeX解决方案。这就是我想到的：

让我来分解一下。

左边的数字是线路不良率。
左侧的框是线条灰度。它是通过将不良范围线性映射[0;100]到拉伸和收缩线条的灰度范围[#808080;#FFFFFF]和而获得的[#808080;#000000]。如果线条未满，则框为蓝色；如果线条过满，则框为红色。
右侧的条形表示线条变形。橙色和天蓝色之间的边界位于线条的自然长度处。橙色（天蓝色）框是可用的收缩（拉伸）范围。实际线条宽度处有一条白色细线。如果线条不够饱满（过满），则会出现一条蓝色（红色）条形表示超出允许线条变形边界的缺失（过剩）长度。
右边的数字为负（正）时收缩（拉伸）量，当管线未满（过满）时，该数字为缺失（过剩）的长度，即蓝（红）条的长度。

单行框评估例程的核心内容如下plain TeX; 我向你介绍badger.tex：

% default rules abolished
\overfullrule=0pt

% ========================================================== GLUE STRAINING ====
% This is a procedure to detect glue finiteness and (if finite)
% quantify the total amount inside a box. Based on
% https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/191844/82186 by Bruno Le Floch

% to avoid choking on warnings
\hbadness=1000000
\hfuzz=\maxdimen

\newdimen\StrainedGlue
\newbox\tmp

\def\StrainGlue#1#2#3#4{
  \begingroup
    \dimen0 = -\maxdimen
    \dimen1 =  \maxdimen
    \loop
      \dimen2 = \dimen0
      \advance \dimen2 by \dimen1
      \divide \dimen2 by 2
      \ifdim \dimen2 = \dimen1
        \advance \dimen2 by -1sp \fi
      \setbox\tmp = \hbox spread #2 1sp {%
        \unhcopy#4\hskip 0pt #3 -\dimen2}
      \ifnum \badness > 100
        \dimen1 = \dimen2
      \else
        \dimen0 = \dimen2
        \advance \dimen0 by 1sp \fi
    \ifdim \dimen0 < \dimen1
      \repeat
    \global\StrainedGlue\dimen0
  \endgroup
}

% ============================================================ BOX ANALYSIS ====

% stashes for the data
\newdimen\FittedWidth
\newdimen\NaturalWidth
\newdimen\Deformation
\newdimen\MaxStretch
\newdimen\MaxShrink
\newdimen\OverStretch
\newdimen\OverShrink
\newcount\LineBadness
\newcount\Grayness

\def\AssessBox#1{
  \setbox0 = \hbox to \wd#1 {\unhcopy#1}
  \FittedWidth = \wd0
  \LineBadness = \badness
  \setbox0 = \hbox {\unhcopy#1}
  \NaturalWidth = \wd0
  \StrainGlue{shrink}{-}{minus}{0} \MaxShrink = \StrainedGlue
  \StrainGlue{stretch}{}{plus}{0}  \MaxStretch = \StrainedGlue
  \Deformation = \dimexpr\FittedWidth-\NaturalWidth\relax
  \OverStretch = \dimexpr\Deformation-\MaxStretch\relax
  \OverShrink = \dimexpr-\Deformation-\MaxShrink\relax
  \definecolor{Grayness}{rgb}{0,1,0}
  \ifnum \LineBadness = 1000000
    \definecolor{Grayness}{rgb}{1,0,0}
  \else\ifnum \LineBadness < 100
    \Grayness = \numexpr50\ifdim\Deformation>0pt+\else-\fi\LineBadness/2\relax
    \definecolor{Grayness}{gray}{0.\the\Grayness}
  \else
      \definecolor{Grayness}{rgb}{0,0,1}
  \fi\fi
}

% ========================================================= MARKERS DRAWING ====

\def\marker#1#2%
  {{\color{#1}\vrule width #2 height \ht\strutbox depth \dp\strutbox}}

\definecolor{OverShrink} {rgb}{1.0,0.0,0.0}
\definecolor{Shrink}     {rgb}{1.0,0.5,0.0}
\definecolor{Stretch}    {rgb}{0.0,0.5,1.0}
\definecolor{OverStretch}{rgb}{0.0,0.0,1.0}

% \tenthpt adapted from Michael J. Downes' showdim package
\def\tenthextract#1.#2#3\relax{#1\ifnum#2=0 \else.#2\fi}
\def\tenthpt#1{\dimen0#1\relax
  \advance\dimen0\ifdim\dimen0<0pt-\fi.05pt
  \expandafter\tenthextract\the\dimen0\relax pt}

\def\BadnessMarkers{%
  \llap{\smash{%
    \ifnum\LineBadness=1000000\relax$\infty$\else\the\LineBadness\fi%
    ~\marker{Grayness}{\baselineskip}}}%
  \ifnum\MaxStretch=\maxdimen\else\ifnum\MaxShrink=\maxdimen\else%
    \rlap{\hskip\hsize\smash{%
      \ifnum\LineBadness=1000000\relax%
        \rlap{%
          \marker{OverShrink}\OverShrink%
          \marker{Shrink}\MaxShrink%
          \marker{Stretch}\MaxStretch}%
        \llap{\tenthpt\OverShrink\hskip-4\baselineskip}%
      \else\ifnum\LineBadness>100\relax%
        \llap{%
          \marker{Shrink}\MaxShrink%
          \marker{Stretch}\MaxStretch%
          \marker{OverStretch}\OverStretch}%
        \llap{\tenthpt\OverStretch\hskip-4\baselineskip}%
      \else%
        \llap{%
          \llap{\marker{Shrink}\MaxShrink}%
          \rlap{\marker{Stretch}\MaxStretch}%
          \hskip\Deformation\relax}%
        \marker{white}{1sp}%
        \llap{\tenthpt\Deformation\hskip-4\baselineskip}%
      \fi\fi}}%
  \fi\fi%
}

现在，关于段落分析。根据您的具体情况，有多种方法来应用这些例程。

如果我们正在交谈，plain TeX那么我们可以做最大胆的事情并改变输出例程。这特别好，因为这是处理行间和段落间粘连的最简单方法。以下是plain.tex一个例子，可以玩弄：

\input miniltx
\input color.sty

\input badger

% code adapted from a TeX pearl by Paweł Jackowski (Custom overfull text)
% http://www.tug.org/TUGboat/tb29-1/tb91pearls.pdf

\interlinepenalty=-50000 % force the break between each two lines
\maxdeadcycles=50        % allow upto 50 \outputs with no \shipout
\newtoks\orioutput \orioutput=\output % wrap the original \output routine
\output
    {\ifnum\outputpenalty>-20000 \the\orioutput
     \else \ifnum\outputpenalty<-\maxdimen \the\orioutput
     \else
     \unvbox255        % flush the entire list back
     \setbox0=\lastbox % strip the very last box
     \nointerlineskip  % avoid doubled interline glue
     \AssessBox0
     \hbox to \FittedWidth{\BadnessMarkers\unhbox0}
     \advance\outputpenalty by 50000
     \penalty\outputpenalty % weak lie that nothing happened...
     \fi\fi}

\hsize=2in
\input knuth
\bye

我不会敢但是，使用可以做到这一点LaTeX。但是，也可以局部应用分析程序。以下是la.tex，即生成上述屏幕截图的示例：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{color}

\input badger

% code inspired by an answer by David Carlisle
% https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/56853/82186

\newskip\savedskip
\newcount\savedpenalty
\newdimen\olddepth
\newbox\linebox
\newbox\parabox

\def\eat{
  \loop
    \setbox\linebox\lastbox
    \savedskip\lastskip\unskip
    \savedpenalty\lastpenalty\unpenalty
    \ifvoid\linebox\else
      \AssessBox\linebox
      \setbox0=\hbox to \hsize{\BadnessMarkers\unhcopy\linebox}
      \global\setbox\parabox\vbox{%
        \penalty\savedpenalty
        \vskip\savedskip
        \box0
        \unvbox\parabox}%
  \repeat}

\def\dissect#1\par{%
 \olddepth\prevdepth%
 \setbox0\vbox{\hbox{\vrule depth\olddepth}\par#1\par\eat}%
 \unvbox\parabox}

\begin{document}\vfil
{\bfseries A beautiful paragraph follows.}\par\vfil
\dissect\input zapf\par\vfil
{\bfseries Here comes an acceptable one.}\par\vfil
{\hsize=3in\dissect\input zapf\par}\vfil
{\bfseries Now the ugly.}\par\vfil
{\hsize=2in\dissect\input zapf\par}\vfil
\end{document}

这只是可能的方法之一。可以使用递归宏调用而不是循环。或者也许可以用于\everypar全局应用标记：那会很有趣！

请记住，我写的例子有点粗糙；我特别不喜欢第二个例子对段落间距的不完美处理。但是，分析是正确的，而且在我看来，大多数行级数据以这种方式都是清晰可读的。

我将尝试在某一天修复间距问题，以便可以随意地将其用作开/关绘图工具。

Answer 1