注意：请勿在角度闭合至 0°、90°、180° 等时尝试此操作！！

Question

在PSTricks中存在填充样式vlines、hlines，它们在库crosshatch中有对应项。tikz patterns

然而，PSTricks它们可以通过以下选项进行修改： hatchwidth，hatchwidthinc，hatchsep，hatchsepinc和。hatchcolorhatchangle

这回答针对这个问题自定义和内置 TikZ 填充图案声明一个带有变量的 pgfpattern：hatchthickness，hatchspread和hatchcolor。

我失踪了hatchangle。

如果有人更熟悉 pgf 基本层来调整这一点，我很高兴看到这个答案。

顺便说一句，我知道使用 tikz 中的形状旋转填充图案[重复]。但我认为用变量 hatchangle 声明自定义模式应该是可能的。

（pgf/tikz 版本 3.0，2013 年 12 月）

需要修改的相关代码

% defining the new dimensions and parameters
\newlength{\hatchspread}
\newlength{\hatchthickness}
\newlength{\hatchshift}
\newcommand{\hatchcolor}{}
\newcommand{\hatchangle}{} % NEW
% declaring the keys in tikz
\tikzset{hatchspread/.code={\setlength{\hatchspread}{#1}},
         hatchthickness/.code={\setlength{\hatchthickness}{#1}},
         hatchshift/.code={\setlength{\hatchshift}{#1}},% must be >= 0
         hatchcolor/.code={\renewcommand{\hatchcolor}{#1}},
         hatchangle/.code={\renewcommand{\hatchangle}{#1}}}
% setting the default values
\tikzset{hatchspread=3pt,
         hatchthickness=0.4pt,
         hatchshift=0pt,% must be >= 0
         hatchcolor=black,
         hatchangle=0}
% declaring the pattern
\pgfdeclarepatternformonly[\hatchangle,\hatchspread,\hatchthickness,\hatchshift,\hatchcolor]% variables
   {vlines}% name
   {\pgfqpoint{\dimexpr-2\hatchthickness}{\dimexpr-2\hatchthickness}}% lower left corner
   {\pgfqpoint{\dimexpr\hatchspread+2\hatchthickness}{\dimexpr\hatchspread+2\hatchthickness}}% upper right corner
   {\pgfqpoint{\dimexpr\hatchspread}{\dimexpr\hatchspread}}% tile size
   {% shape description
    \pgfsetlinewidth{\hatchthickness}
    \pgfpathmoveto{\pgfqpoint{0pt}{\dimexpr\hatchspread+\hatchshift}}
    \pgfpathlineto{\pgfqpoint{\dimexpr\hatchspread+0.15pt+\hatchshift}{-0.15pt}}
    \ifdim \hatchshift > 0pt
      \pgfpathmoveto{\pgfqpoint{0pt}{\hatchshift}}
      \pgfpathlineto{\pgfqpoint{\dimexpr0.15pt+\hatchshift}{-0.15pt}}
    \fi
    \pgfsetstrokecolor{\hatchcolor}
%    \pgfsetdash{{1pt}{1pt}}{0pt}% dashing cannot work correctly in all situation this way
    \pgfusepath{stroke}
   }

Answer 1

从数学上来说，这就是如何实现具有各种角度的线条图案。

注意：请勿在角度闭合至 0°、90°、180° 等时尝试此操作！！

\documentclass[border=9,tikz]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{patterns}
\begin{document}

\newdimen\hatchspread
\newdimen\hatchthickness
\newdimen\hatchshift
\tikzset{
    hatchspread/.code={\hatchspread=#1},
    hatchthickness/.code={\hatchthickness=#1},
    hatchshift/.code={\hatchshift=#1},
    hatchcolor/.code={\def\hatchcolor{#1}},
    hatchangle/.code={\pgfmathsetmacro\hatchangle{Mod(#1,180)}},
    hatchspread=3pt,
    hatchthickness=0.4pt,
    hatchshift=0pt,
    hatchcolor=black,
    hatchangle=-30
}
\pgfdeclarepatternformonly[\hatchangle,\hatchspread,\hatchthickness,\hatchshift,\hatchcolor]
    {lines}
    {\pgfqpoint{\dimexpr-2\hatchthickness}{\dimexpr-2\hatchthickness}}
    {\pgfqpoint{\dimexpr\patternwidth pt+2\hatchthickness}{\dimexpr\patternheight pt+2\hatchthickness}}
    {\pgfpoint{\patternwidth}{\patternheight}} % \patternwidth and patternheight is calculated as follows
    {
        \pgfsetlinewidth{\hatchthickness}
        \ifdim\hatchangle pt<90pt
            \pgfmathsetmacro\patternwidth{\hatchspread*cosec(\hatchangle)}\xdef\patternwidth{\patternwidth}
            \pgfmathsetmacro\patternheight{\hatchspread*sec(\hatchangle)}\xdef\patternheight{\patternheight}
            \pgfpathmoveto{\pgfqpoint{0pt}{0pt}}
            \pgfpathlineto{\pgfqpoint{\patternwidth pt}{\patternheight pt}}
        \else
            \pgfmathsetmacro\patternwidth{\hatchspread*cosec(\hatchangle)}\xdef\patternwidth{\patternwidth}
            \pgfmathsetmacro\patternheight{-\hatchspread*sec(\hatchangle)}\xdef\patternheight{\patternheight}
            \pgfpathmoveto{\pgfqpoint{\patternwidth pt}{0pt}}
            \pgfpathlineto{\pgfqpoint{0pt}{\patternheight pt}}
        \fi
        \pgfsetstrokecolor{\hatchcolor}
        \pgfusepath{stroke}
    }

\foreach\i in{5,15,...,360}{
    \tikz\filldraw[pattern=lines,hatchangle=\i](0,0)rectangle(1,1);
}

\end{document}

顺便说一句，我忽略了 shift 选项。它不是实现的核心部分。

Answer 2

patterns.metaMark Wibrow 的Tikz 库

提供模式Lines[angle=22.50]和Hatch[angle=22.5]

\documentclass[tikz]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{patterns, patterns.meta}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
    \draw[pattern={horizontal lines},pattern color=orange]
    (0,0) rectangle +(1,1);
    \draw[pattern={Lines[yshift=-10pt]},pattern color=blue]
    (0,0) rectangle +(1,1);
    \draw[pattern={vertical lines},pattern color=orange]
    (1,0) rectangle +(1,1);
    \draw[pattern={Lines[angle=90,yshift=-2pt]},pattern color=blue]
    (1,0) rectangle +(1,1);
    \draw[pattern={north east lines},pattern color=orange]
    (0,1) rectangle +(1,1);
    \draw[pattern={Lines[angle=45,distance={3pt/sqrt(2)}]},pattern color=blue]
    (0,1) rectangle +(1,1);
    \draw[pattern={north west lines},pattern color=orange]
    (1,1) rectangle +(1,1);
    \draw[pattern={Lines[angle=-22.5,distance={8pt/sqrt(2)}]},pattern color=blue]
    (1,1) rectangle +(1,1);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

该库在 pgf/tikz 版本 3.1 中被标记为实验性的。